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53 results for “2011-2012”
Ant Mesocosm Experiment in Harvard Forest Lath Houses 2011-2012
Direct and indirect consequences of global warming on ecosystem functions and processes mediated by invertebrates remain understudied but are likely to have major impacts on ecosystems in the future. Among animals, invertebrates are taxonomically diverse, responsive to temperature changes, and play major ecological roles which also respond to temperature changes. We used a mesocosm experiment to evaluate impacts of two warming treatments (+3.5 and + 5 °C, set points) and the presence and absence of the ant Formica subsericea (a major mediator of processes in north-temperate ecosystems) on decomposition rate, soil movement, soil respiration, and nitrogen availability. Replicate 19-Litre mesocosms were placed outdoors in lath houses and continuously warmed for 30 days in 2011 and 85 days in 2012. Warming treatments mimicked expected temperature increases for future climates in eastern North America. In both years, the amount of soil displaced and soil respiration increased in the warming and ant presence treatments (soil movement: 73 to 119%; soil respiration: 37 to 48% relative to the control treatments without ants). Decomposition rate and nitrogen availability tended to decrease in the warmest treatments (decomposition rate: -26 to -30%; nitrate availability: -11 to -42%). Path analyses indicated that ants had significant short term direct and indirect effects on the studied ecosystem processes. These results suggest that ants may be moving more soil and building deeper nests to escape increasing temperatures, but warming may also influence their direct and indirect effects on soil ecosystem processes.
Soil Temperature and Water Content in Macrosystems Biodiversity Project at Harvard Forest 2011-2012
Patterns of biodiversity, such as the increase toward the tropics and the peaked curve during ecological succession, are fundamental phenomena for ecology. Such patterns have multiple, interacting causes, but temperature emerges as a dominant factor across organisms from microbes to trees and mammals, and across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments. However, there is little consensus on the underlying mechanisms, even as global temperatures increase and the need to predict their effects becomes more pressing. The purpose of this project is to generate and test theory for how temperature impacts biodiversity through its effect on biochemical processes and metabolic rate. A combination of standardized surveys in the field and controlled experiments in the field and laboratory measure diversity of three taxa -- trees, invertebrates, and microbes -- and key biogeochemical processes of decomposition in seven forests distributed along a geographic gradient of increasing temperature from cold temperate to warm tropical. Readings of soil temperature and soil moisture were taken with HOBO sensors from November 2011 to November 2012. These sensors were installed at five experimental tree growth plots installed by the Enquist Lab (PI, Brian Enquist) from the University of Arizona as part of a macrosystems biodiversity and latitude project supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement DEB#1065836.
Ants in an Induced Drought Experiment at the Caxiuana National Forest in Brazil 2011-2012
Environmental change scenarios caused by low precipitation forecast species loss in tropical regions. We used one year of data from a rainwater exclusion experiment in primary Amazonian rainforest to test whether induced water stress, and covarying changes in humidity, soil respiration, and tree species richness, size, and total biomass and its diversity affected species richness and composition (relative abundance) of ground-dwelling ants. Induced drought reduced ant richness, whereas increased humidity and variability in biomass increased it. Species composition differed between control and rainfall-excluded plots. Occurrence of many ant species was strongly reduced, but some generalist groups of ants were favored by induced drought. The expected loss of ant species and changes in ant species composition in tropical forests likely will lead to cascading effects on ecosystem processes and services they mediate.
Riparian Woody Vegetation Composition and Structure in Long-Term Monitoring Plots Along the Sabie River, Kruger National Park (2011-2012)
This dataset contains measurements of woody vegetation composition and structural attributes collected in 2009 and 2010 from 15 long-term riparian monitoring plots located along the Sabie River in the southern region of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. The Sabie River is the park’s most perennial river system and supports diverse riparian plant communities influenced by hydrological variability, flooding dynamics, sediment deposition, herbivory, and climate-driven disturbance. Within each monitoring plot, field teams recorded woody species identity, stem density, plant height, and stem diameter. Additional structural and condition indicators were collected, including canopy breakage, evidence of bark stripping, resprouting status, and whether individuals were toppled or alive at the time of sampling. These structural attributes provide detailed assessments of disturbance impacts and vegetation condition within riparian zones. Data collection followed the same standardized protocols as the Southern Granites long-term vegetation monitoring program, allowing for cross-site comparisons between upland savanna and riparian systems. This dataset provides a baseline for evaluating long-term ecological change in riparian woody plant communities and supports ongoing research on the ecological functioning and resilience of river corridors in Kruger National Park.
Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Red Maple at Harvard Forest and Bartlett Forest 2011-2012
Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) are the primary products of photosynthesis, composed mostly of sugars and starch. Recent studies show that NSC pools in mature trees can be quite large and on average a decade old. Thus, NSC pools integrate years of carbon assimilation and represent significant ecological memory at the whole plant and ecosystem level. However, we know very little about how older stored NSC versus newly assimilated NSC are used to support growth and metabolism, or how available older NSC are to trees during stress or following disturbance. To better understand these potential lags in NSC allocation, we studied mature red maple (Acer rubrum) trees in two New England temperate forests. We determined stemwood concentrations of stored sugars and starch of five trees at each site. Applying the radiocarbon (14C) “bomb spike” approach, we estimated the age of carbon in stemwood NSC, ring cellulose, and bole respiration. We also collected stump sprouts regrowing from a separate set of recently harvested red maple trees at each site, and determined the radiocarbon age of this tissue. Our data show that younger NSC is preferentially used for growth and day-to-day metabolic demands. More recently stored NSC contributes to annual ring growth and metabolism in the dormant season. Older reserves are available to the tree after disturbance (e.g. harvesting).
Diurnal Patterns of Cavitation in Red Maple, Paper Birch and White Ash at Harvard Forest 2011-2012
Previous work at Harvard Forest has suggested that woody plants cavitate and re-dissolve embolisms in xylem on a daily basis. Here we investigated the common assumption that severing stems and petioles under water preserves the hydraulic continuity in the xylem conduits opened by the cut when the xylem is under tension. In red maple and white ash, higher PLC in the afternoon occurred when the measurement segment was excised under water at native xylem tensions, but not when xylem tensions were relaxed prior to sample excision. Bench drying vulnerability curves in which measurement samples were excised at native versus relaxed tensions showed a dramatic effect of cutting under tension in red maple, a moderate effect in sugar maple, and no effect in paper birch. These results suggest that sampling methods can generate PLC patterns indicative of repair under tension by inducing a degree of embolism that is itself a function of xylem tensions at the moment of sample excision.
Soil and root-associated fungal response to nitrogen and phosphorus addition from grasslands worldwide: 2011-2012.
Ecosystems across the globe receive elevated inputs of nutrients, but the consequences of this for soil fungal guilds that mediate key ecosystem functions remain unclear. We found that nitrogen and phosphorus addition to 25 grasslands distributed across four continents promoted the relative abundance of fungal pathogens, suppressed mutualists, but did not affect saprotrophs. Structural equation models suggested that responses were often indirect and primarily mediated by nutrient-induced shifts in plant communities. Nutrient addition also reduced co-occurrences within and among fungal guilds, which could have important consequences for belowground interactions. Focusing only on plots that received no nutrient addition, soil properties influenced pathogen abundance globally, whereas plant community characteristics influenced mutualists, and climate influenced saprotrophs. These guild-level responses enhance our ability to predict soil functional responses to anthropogenic eutrophication and the associated longer-term responses of plant communities to this important global change factor.
Inter-Chemical Correlation results for the study: NHANES20112012 (NHANES Survey 2011-2012)
Title: NHANES Survey 2011-2012 <br>Species: Homo sapiens <br>Number of samples: 10352 <br>Number of named analytes: 201 <br>Datasource url: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/search/datapage.aspx?Component=Laboratory <br>
Oxygen Flux in a Restored Seagrass Meadow on the Coast of Virginia, 2011-2012
Oxygen flux was measured seasonally using the eddy correlation technique in a restored eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) meadow in the Virginia coastal bays (USA). In 5 intensive field campaigns, we covered seasonal variation in oxygen metabolism and biomass with overlap in late summer to observe interannual variability.
Systematic PSI processing over Santorini volcano: the 2011-2012 unrest period
<p>In the framework of the ESA funded project “Disaster Risk Reduction using innovative data exploitation methods and space assets”, the National Observatory of Athens together with Terradue customized a GEP implementation of the StaMPS suite of s/w modules, to automatically process stacks of SAR imagery using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry. The engine is now able to seamlessly and timely process data from Envisat, ERS-1,2, TerraSAR-X, COSMO-SkyMed and Radarsat-2 platforms, for user-defined Regions Of Interest. Hence, the concept of project’s “Trial Case VO-1” is to modify, customize, execute and test a fully automatic processing chain over the GEP, starting from raw/SLC SAR data, to ground velocities generation.</p> <p>The new capabilities have been tested for an historic volcano in Santorini island, Greece, aiming to create a unique database of diachronic InSAR measurements spanning from 1992 to 2015 (~23 years of data). The processing of the five different SAR stacks was done entirely within the GEP environment, in the context of the Trial Case VO-1. The thematic map included herein contains the estimated Line-Of-Sight ground velocities (mm/yr) for the <strong>period 2011-2012, based on 12 descending ASAR Envisat images</strong>. Kindly note that the product is raw and has not gone through any manual post-processing. Therefore, adjustments may need to be made to address reference point issues, isolated phase unwrapping errors, etc. </p>
Figs. 164-172.- Habitus. 164 in New species and records of Elateridae from North Pakistan, mostly collected by Guido Sabatinelli in 2011-2012 (Coleoptera).
Figs. 164-172.- Habitus. 164.- Melanotus opicus Candèze, 1900 (14 mm). 165.- Melanotus riesei Platia & Schimmel, 2001 (12.5 mm). 166.- Melanotus punctosus (Walker, 1854) (14 mm). 167.- Melanotus punctosinus Cate, Platia & Schimmel, 2002 (11 mm). 168.- Priopus vafer (Erichson, 1841) (12.7 mm). 169.- Dicronychus zianii n. sp. (7.8 mm). 170.- Dicronychus eximius (Candèze, 1860) (6.1 mm). 171.- Dicronychus unicus (Vats & Chauhan, 1991) (8.0 mm). 172.- Craspedostethus ronkayi n. sp. (5.5 mm).
Figs. 155-163.- Habitus. 155.- Heteroderes curtus n in New species and records of Elateridae from North Pakistan, mostly collected by Guido Sabatinelli in 2011-2012 (Coleoptera).
Figs. 155-163.- Habitus. 155.- Heteroderes curtus n. sp. (10.6 mm). 156.- Denticollis oculatus n. sp. (18.6 mm). 157.- Selatosomus whitei (Candèze, 1900) (17.5 mm). 158.- Mulsanteus sabatinellii n. sp. (11.5 mm). 159.- Xanthopenthes sabatinellii n. sp. (9.3 mm). 160.- Adiaphorus sabatinellii n. sp. (10 mm). 161.- Melanotus gorodinskii Platia, 2005 (14.2 mm). 162.- Melanotus hirticornis (Herbst, 1806) (15.5 mm). 163.- Melanotus loebli Platia & Schimmel, 2001 (15.5 mm).
Figs. 145-154.- Habitus. 145 in New species and records of Elateridae from North Pakistan, mostly collected by Guido Sabatinelli in 2011-2012 (Coleoptera).
Figs. 145-154.- Habitus. 145.- Compsolacon triticumunis (Vats & Kashyap, 1992) (13 mm). 146.- Compsolacon tuberosus (Vats & Kashyap, 1992) (11 mm). 147.- Octocryptus babaulti Fleutiaux, 1944 (5.6 mm). 148.- Rismethus pistrinarius (Candèze, 1857) (2.7 mm). 149.- Aeoloides hreblayi n. sp. (3.3 mm). 150.- Conoderus aeolodermoides n. sp. (4.3 mm). 151.- Conoderus nigromaculosus Vats & Chauhan, 1992 (5.2 mm). 152.- Drasterius sabatinellii n. sp. (4.0 mm). 153.- Heteroderes sabatinellii n. sp. (5.0 mm). 154.- Heteroderes jagemanni n. sp. (6.3 mm).
Figs. 176-177.- Landscapes from North Pakistan. 176 in New species and records of Elateridae from North Pakistan, mostly collected by Guido Sabatinelli in 2011-2012 (Coleoptera).
Figs. 176-177.- Landscapes from North Pakistan. 176.- Lake Saif-ul-Malook (Naran), in Kaghan Valley, Hazara District of Kyber Pakhtunkhwa. 177.- Landscape in Shogran, Kaghan Valley, Hazara District of Kyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Figs. 120-126 in New species and records of Elateridae from North Pakistan, mostly collected by Guido Sabatinelli in 2011-2012 (Coleoptera).
Figs. 120-126.- Particular of profile, base and/or posterior angles of pronotum. 120.- Drasterius brahminus Candèze, 1859. 121.- Denticollis oculatus n. sp. 122.- Mulsanteus sabatinellii n. sp. 123.- Xanthopenthes sabatinellii n. sp. 124.- Priopus vafer (Erichson, 1841). 125.- Craspedostethus ronkayi n. sp. 126.- Rismethus pistrinarius (Candèze, 1857).
Figs. 112-119 in New species and records of Elateridae from North Pakistan, mostly collected by Guido Sabatinelli in 2011-2012 (Coleoptera).
Figs. 112-119.- Particular of profile, base and/or posterior angles of pronotum. 112.- Conoderus nigromaculosus Vats & Chauhan, 1992. 113.- Heteroderes gallagheri Platia & Schimmel, 1997. 114.- Heteroderes sabatinellii n. sp. 115.- Heteroderes jagemanni n. sp. 116.- Heteroderes curtus n. sp. 117.- Heteroderes sericeus Candèze, 1859. 118.- Heteroderes spinosus Candèze, 1890. 119.- Drasterius sabatinellii n. sp.
Figs. 89-95 in New species and records of Elateridae from North Pakistan, mostly collected by Guido Sabatinelli in 2011-2012 (Coleoptera).
Figs. 89-95.- First or last articles of antennae. 89.- Melanotus hirticornis (Herbst, 1806). 90, 90a.- Melanotus villosus (Geoffroy, 1785), ♂♀. 91.- Priopus vafer (Erichson, 1841). 92.- Cardiophorus doggeri Vats & Chauhan, 1991. 93.- Dicronychus zianii n. sp. 94.- Dicronychus unicus (Vats & Chauhan, 1991). 95.- Craspedostethus ronkayi n. sp.
Figs. 127-135.- Habitus. 127.- Lacon brachypterus n in New species and records of Elateridae from North Pakistan, mostly collected by Guido Sabatinelli in 2011-2012 (Coleoptera).
Figs. 127-135.- Habitus. 127.- Lacon brachypterus n. sp. (6 mm). 128.- Lacon kurukshetrensis Vats & Kashyap, 1992 (15.5 mm). 129.- Lacon monticola (Candèze, 1900) (10.5 mm). 130.- Lanelater sabatinellii n. sp. (25 mm). 131.- Lanelater pakistanicus n. sp. (26 mm). 132.- Adelocera sabatinellii n. sp. (6.5 mm). 133.- Adelocera islamabadensis n. sp. (7.3 mm). 134.- Adelocera kundlanensis n. sp. (3.75 mm). 135.- Adelocera afghana Platia & Gudenzi, 2002 (5.2 mm).
Figs. 82-88 in New species and records of Elateridae from North Pakistan, mostly collected by Guido Sabatinelli in 2011-2012 (Coleoptera).
Figs. 82-88.- First or last articles of antennae. 82.-Heteroderes curtus n. sp. 83.- Heteroderes sericeus Candèze, 1859. 84, 84a.- Denticollis oculatus n. sp. 85.- Selatosomus whitei (Candèze, 1900). 86.- Mulsanteus sabatinellii n. sp. 87.- Adiaphorus sabatinellii n. sp. 88.- Melanotus gorodinskii Platia, 2005.
Figs. 74-81 in New species and records of Elateridae from North Pakistan, mostly collected by Guido Sabatinelli in 2011-2012 (Coleoptera).
Figs. 74-81.- First or last articles of antennae. 74.- Octocryptus babaulti Fleutiaux, 1944. 75.- Calais afghanicus (Chassain, 1991) ♀. 76.- Aeoloides hrebalyi n. sp. 77.- Conoderus aeolodermoides n. sp., ♀. 78.- Conoderus nigromaculosus Vats & Chauhan, 1992. 79.- Drasterius sabatinellii n. sp. 80.- Heteroderes sabatinellii n. sp. 81.- Heteroderes jagemanni n. sp.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.