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10,395 results for “2014”
San Francisco Estuary Institute Phytoplankton eDNA and Toxin Monitoring, San Francisco Bay, CA, 2014-2023
From late 2014-present, San Francisco Estuary Institute has conducted molecular monitoring of phytoplankton in partnership with the US Geological Survey from several stations stretching from Rio Vista in the North Delta to the Lower South Bay, past the Dumbarton Bridge. These samples have been analyzed for 18S eDNA data in partnership with Timothy Otten at Bend Genetics, targeting the V7 region. The included dataset covers the 2014-2023 period, including data up to 2022, conducted with an Illumina MISEQ platform, and from 2022-2023 using a NEXTSEQ platform, which enabled much greater sampling depth. Two sets of taxonomic assignments are included in this data release, one using the Silva database, and the other using the PR2 database, two of the leading sources of phytoplankton taxonomic data aiding in assignments of OTUs to taxa. Raw sequence data will also be uploaded to NCBI for comparison. Data collection continues and this release will be updated as new time periods are added.
Seasonal Distribution of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea and Ammonia-Oxidation Rates in the South Atlantic Bight from April to November 2014
Previous work in nearshore waters of the Georgia USA coast has demonstrated mid-summer peaks in the abundance of Thaumarchaeota (blooms with 100 to 1,000-fold increases) accompanied by spikes in nitrite concentration. These studies were performed at one location, so the areal extent of the bloom is unknown, nor has it been demonstrated conclusively that it develops in inshore waters. We collected data on rates of ammonia oxidation and the distribution of Thaumarchaeota, ammonia-oxidizing Betaproteobacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospina and environmental variables during 6 cruises aboard the UNOLS vessel R/V Savannah from April to November 2014 on transects of the South Atlantic Bight to evaluate the areal extent and timing of the bloom. This data set includes measurements of Chlorophyll-a concentration, PAR attenuation coefficient, oxygen concenrations, temperature, salinity and nitogenous nutrient concentrations (nitrite, nitrite + nitrate, ammonium, urea), and estimates of Archaea, bacteria and diatom gene concentration based on quantitative PCR.
Dendrometer band measurement data from two tidal forest plots at GCE 11 on the Altamaha River in Southeast Georgia from December 2014 to December 2020
We established two 0.1-ha plots in December 2013. In each plot, we identified and measured DBH (diameter at breast height) of every tree using standard diameter tapes. We also placed dendrometric bands on 40 trees (20 per plot) in December 2013. Bands were measured in December 2014 as baseline measurements and yearly thereafter.
Yearly survey of barnacle settlement near creekbank plots at GCE LTER study sites in October 2014
To characterize spatial variation in barnacle recruitment at the creekbank, and across a gradient in salinity and distance to ocean, we deployed PVC poles to passive sample barnacle settlement. Eight poles were deployed between 4-5m apart adjacent to the creekbank vegetation monitoring plots at each GCE LTER permanent monitoring site each Fall beginning in 2012. These poles were then collected the following Fall and all barnacle that settled on the poles were identified and counted on 50cm-long sections of the 8, 3/4" diameter PVC poles. Although a few other barnacle species are occur within this estuary, only two species settled on poles: Chthamalus fragilis and Balanus spp.
Dissolved Inorgainic Carbon concentration and Total Alkalinity from surface water samples collected in the GCE LTER domain near Sapelo Island, Georgia between May 2014 and December 2022.
Surface water samples were collected from GCE LTER sampling stations between May 2014 and December 2022. Monthly samples were collected from GCE 6 (high and low tide) and GCE 7 (high tide). Quarterly samples were collected from the remaining GCE sites, 4 sites along the Duplin River, and AL-02 ( the Altamaha River oceanic end-member station). These samples were analyzed for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA).
Eddy covariance 30-minute CO2 fluxes with accompanying biophysical variables from the GCE-LTER flux tower site from January 2014 to December 2017 for sensor Flux1
Eddy covariance (EC) CO2 fluxes from flux sensor set "Flux1" from January 2014 to December 2017 collected over a Spartina alterniflora marsh located on the western side of Sapelo Island bounded by the Duplin River and Barn Creek. EC fluxes were processed in EddyPro 7. Additional biophysical variables included are air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and water table height from a nearby tidal creek and the marsh platform.
Eddy covariance 30-minute CO2 fluxes with accompanying biophysical variables from the GCE-LTER flux tower site from January 2014 to December 2022 for sensor Flux2
Eddy covariance (EC) CO2 fluxes from sensor set "Flux2" from January 2014 to December 2022 collected over a Spartina alterniflora marsh located on the western side of Sapelo Island bounded by the Duplin River and Barn Creek. EC fluxes were processed in EddyPro 7. Additional biophysical variables included are air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and water table height from a nearby tidal creek and the marsh platform.
Spartina alterniflora above- and belowground biomass predictions and inundation intensity as estimated by the Belowground Ecosystem Resiliency Model for U.S. Georgia marshes from 2014 to 2023.
We applied the Belowground Ecosystem Resiliency Model (BERM) to estimate monthly aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) in U.S. Georgia Spartina alterniflora marshes from 2014 to 2023 at 30 m scale. This application involved BERM version 2.0 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306821), which was built using data in the PLT-GCET-2308 dataset (https://dx.doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4a0b715104849d98320fcc34e7cd63a4). Data sources for BERM application included Landsat-8/9, NOAA CO-OPS Station ID: 8670870, Daymet, and USGS 3DEP 2018 DEM. Download and processing steps are described in the BERM code and in metadata methods section. Specific descriptions of data processing are available in model code: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306821. Data provided here include model output of AGB estimates, BGB estimates, and calculated inundation intensity. See "Data reporting" method in the metadata for description of data files. For logisitical purposes here we present only select data from the model input and output. All model input data sources as listed in the abstract are publicly available. Model calibration data and code are published as well. Additional predictions not published here include foliar chlorophyll, foliar nitrogen, and leaf area index.
Eddy covariance (EC) vertical carbon fluxes from a Georgia tidal salt marsh from 2014 to 2024
We present our methodology and data for science ready vertical carbon fluxes from a Spartina alterniflora tidal salt marsh as part of the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) site on Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. Vertical carbon fluxes were measured through the eddy covariance (EC) method from 2014 to 2024. The EC flux tower was located on the western side of Sapelo Island bounded by the Duplin River and Barn Creek. The proportional influence of marsh habitats on the flux measurements were 4% tall, 38% short, and 58% medium height form Spartina alterniflora. We present the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER), and gross primary production (GPP) at 30-minute fluxes (μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), daily averages (μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) and totals (g C m-2 day-1), and annual (g C m-2 year-1) quantities. We provide estimated uncertainty for each flux at each integrated timescale as 95% confidence intervals. Providing open access to 10-year carbon flux datasets can facilitate collaboration for advancing regional and global blue carbon synthesis and scale-up studies.
Observed phenological indicators and environmental drivers at global change experiments at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 2014-2020
This dataset contains plant phenological data extracted from phenocams installed at a global exchange experiment involving Chihuahuan desert plant communities at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, U.S.A. Cycles of plant growth, termed phenology, are tightly linked to environmental controls, and our overarching objective in this study is to determine if temperature or precipitation are relatively more important for determining shrub and grass greenup date (start of season) and senescence date (end of season). At these camera locations, we experimentally manipulated incoming precipitation at the Jornada Basin LTER for over a decade and recorded plant leaf phenology at the daily scale for seven years using phenocams. The data here are derived from raw "phenocam" camera data collected at two ongoing studies at the Jornada Basin LTER site, one studying ecosystem responses to long term changes in water and nitrogen availability, and one studying plant productivity and partitioning responses to water availability and herbivory (studies 349 and 456, respectively). Phenocams at the sites have collected images since 2014, and basic color and greenness data extracted from those images are available in a companion dataset on EDI (knb-lter-jrn.210574001). This dataset includes the derived annual and quarterly phenological indices and greenness indices for each plot monitored by phenocams, and temperature and precipitation variables aggregated to the same frequency. The dataset also includes R code and input files used to generate these derived data. See Currier and Sala 2022 for more details. This study is ongoing.
Water stable isotopes for streams and precipitation samples in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2014-2023
Water samples have been collected for analysis of water stable isotopes (O18/16 and H2/H1) at different locations in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest and over different periods since 2014 in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest. The database includes: 1) grab samples collected over the stream network of the Andrews Forest on multiple sampling campaigns during various flow conditions. In each of the campaigns, the samples were collected at approximately 50–100-meter intervals in 1st–5th order streams across the network; 2) water samples collected in the Andrews Forest every 1–3 weeks between 2014 and 2018 in streams (Lookout Creek, Mack Creek, McRae Creek, WS01, WS02, WS07, and WS08) and bulk precipitation from benchmark meteorological stations (PRIMET, MACK, and H15MET) between 2014 and 2023; 3) stream and precipitation samples collected in the Andrews Forest at high temporal resolution during discrete storm events at Mack Creek in 2015; and 4) weekly grab samples from Lookout Creek and selected tributaries.
Bird Communities in Forest Openings at Harvard Forest 2014-2015
Currently, many of the most severely declining neotropical migrants in the northeastern United States are disturbance dependent, early-successional species. Much of their decline is attributed to loss of suitable habitat. Large clearcuts (>5.0 ha) are widely considered to be optimal habitat for most shrubland bird species. However, it is well documented that certain species are capable of breeding within significantly smaller patches of habitat (less than 2.0 ha), which are most commonly created through group selection harvest cuttings. The goal of this research is to determine habitat characteristics translatable to habitat value for shrubland birds for use in conservation programs to maximize biological value. This research will provide an assessment of the value of forest openings for shrubland birds, helping to define the suitability of forest canopy openings for specific bird species. This project will describe the conservation value of shrubland openings deemed too small to sustain full suites of specialist shrubland birds by providing threshold patch area values for individual species able to use these smaller patches.
Taxonomy and Biogeography of Nematode Communities at Harvard Forest 2014
Our overall goal is to describe and map nematode biodiversity in North America. Specifically we will concentrate on Criconematina, a suborder of plant parasitic, soil-dwelling nematodes. Criconematina, commonly referred to as ring-nematodes, are distributed globally associated with a wide range of hosts and habitats. In native grasslands and forests, they may constitute as much as 30% of the below-ground nematode community. Their abundance often approaches 500 individuals per 100cc of soil with as many as a dozen species recorded from a single habitat. Host associations may be broad, covering entire plant families, or they may specialize in feeding on a few closely related plant species. Several are known agronomic pest species, but the vast majority is known only from native habitats and responds negatively to soil disturbance. Due to their sensitivity to disturbance and associations with a range of plant species, some ecologists have suggested that ring nematodes could serve as a below-ground biological indicator of habitat quality. Before this application is possible taxonomic boundaries need to be evaluated and a reference database needs to be established.
Predator Contributions to Belowground Responses to Climate Warming at Harvard Forest 2014
Identifying the factors that control soil CO2 emissions will improve our ability to predict the magnitude of climate change-soil ecosystem feedbacks. Despite the integral role of invertebrates in belowground systems, they are excluded from climate change models. Soil invertebrates have consumptive and non-consumptive effects on microbes, whose respiration accounts for nearly half of soil CO2 emissions. By altering the behavior and abundance of invertebrates that interact with microbes, invertebrate predators may have indirect effects on soil respiration. We examined the effects of a generalist arthropod predator on belowground respiration under different warming scenarios. Based on research suggesting invertebrates may mediate soil CO2 emission responses to warming, we predicted that predator presence would result in increased emissions by negatively affecting these invertebrates. We altered the presence of wolf spiders (Pardosa spp.) in mesocosms containing a forest floor community. To simulate warming, we placed mesocosms of each treatment in ten open-top warming chambers ranging from 1.5 to 5.5° C above ambient at Harvard Forest, MA. As expected, CO2 emissions increased under warming and we found an interactive effect of predator presence and warming, though the effect was not consistent through time. The interaction between predator presence and warming was the inverse of our predictions: mesocosms with predators had lower respiration at higher levels of warming than those without predators. Carbon dioxide emissions were not significantly associated with microbial biomass. We did not find evidence of consumptive effects of predators on the invertebrate community, suggesting that predator presence mediates response of microbial respiration to warming through non-consumptive means. In our system we found a significant interaction between warming and predator presence that warrants further research into mechanism and generality of this pattern to other systems.
Microclimate at Harvard Forest HDW Tower since 2014
The HDW (Hardwood) microclimate and walkup tower at Harvard Forest became operational in April 2014. The site was chosen to represent the mixed hardwood forest around the EMS and NEON towers and to provide a platform for research projects without access to those towers. Microclimate data are archived annually and recent data are available upon request. Measured values include air temperature, relative humidity, PAR, net radiation, albedo, wind speed and direction, soil temperature and soil moisture.
Effects of Warming on Soil Biogeochemistry at Harvard Forest 2014-2015
More than two decades of experimental soil warming in the Prospect Hill tract of the Harvard Forest has revealed non-linear soil respiration (HF005) and soil carbon loss patterns (Melillo et al., Science, 2017). The datasets here were collected to evaluate how the quantity and quality of soil carbon has been affected by 5C warming, and to assess the role that altered extracellular enzyme allocation may play in this. We collected soils over the 2014 growing season, after 23 years of soil warming. We confirmed previous results that warming had depleted the soil of organic matter, and this was accompanied by an overall decrease in microbial biomass particularly apparent in the forest floor in the fall. Using pyrolysis-GCMS, we found that the relative abundance of soil organic matter compound classes was unaffected by warming in the upper organic horizon (“forest floor”). However, lipids increased in relative abundance to the detriment of polysaccharides and lignin in the upper mineral soil, where warming had depleted soil mineral surfaces of organic matter. Despite these changes in soil organic matter quantity and quality, the potential extracellular enzyme activity per gram of soil was unaffected by warming treatment under common lab conditions. However, under in-situ temperature conditions, warming increased enzyme activity per unit microbial biomass, indicating heated plot microbes get better return on their enzyme investment than those in control plots.
Whole-Tree Nonstructural Carbohydrate Budgets in Five Species at Harvard Forest 2014
We measured nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations throughout the year in the branches, stemwood, and roots of five temperate tree species. These NSC concentrations were used in two ways. First, we scaled up concentrations to the whole-tree level using allometric equations and compared NSC storage between these five species to determine the size and seasonal fluctuation of whole-tree total NSC budgets as well as the contribution of individual organs. Second, for four of these species, we assessed the radial patterns and seasonality of NSC concentrations in the stemwood based on contrasting wood anatomy (ring-porous vs. diffuse-porous).
Population Dynamics of Pink Lady Slipper in Weston MA 2014-2017
The pink lady slipper (Cypripedium acaule) is an iconic understory plant of Massachusetts forests. It is easy to find and identify and is on the United States Forest Service list of white-tailed deer browse. Brian Donahue and members of the Weston Conservation Commission engaged a local garden club to start surveying trails for pink lady slippers. The project was designed to engage the community in a citizen science project that would bring community members into the discussion of conservation land management decisions. It also supports the long-term goal of linking white-tailed deer browse to lady slipper community dynamics.
PhenoCam Images and Canopy Phenology at the Harvard Forest Witness Tree since 2014
The PhenoCam Network uses imagery from digital cameras to track vegetation phenology and seasonal changes in vegetation activity in diverse ecosystems across North America and around the world. Imagery is uploaded to the PhenoCam server at the University of New Hampshire, where it is made publicly available in near-real time, every 30 minutes from sunrise to sunset, 365 days a year. The data are processed using simple image analysis tools to yield a measure of canopy greenness, from which phenological metrics are extracted, characterizing the start and end of the growing season. These transition dates have been shown to align well with on-the-ground observations of tree phenology at Harvard Forest (HF003). Long-term PhenoCam data can be used to track the impact of climate variability and change on the rhythm of the seasons. This dataset contains one mid-day image for each camera. Please see the PhenoCam Network website (https://phenocam.nau.edu/webcam/) for more information and additional images.
Land Conservation and Human Demographics by Census Tract in New England 2014-2018
This dataset summarizes land protection, conservation prioritization layer scores, and human demographics within New England communities, defined as census tracts. This dataset was created to identify disparities in land protection according to metrics of social marginalization and assess how incorporating environmental justice criteria into land conservation prioritization systems might change conservation priorities.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.