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9,254 results for “2016”
Mollusc population abundance monitoring: Fall 2016 mid-marsh and creekbank infaunal and epifaunal mollusc abundance based on collections from GCE marsh, monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2016 estimate of infaunal and epifaunal mollusc abundance at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Species abundance was determined by hand-collecting all the infaunal and epifaunal molluscs from within quadrats of known area in mid-marsh and creekbank zones (n = 4 quadrats per zone) at all sites. The molluscs were returned to the lab, fixed in ethanol, transferred to and preserved in ethanol, counted and measured (size data is reported separately). The counts were converted to number per square meter. Gastropod species are listed first, followed by bivalve species. Size distribution data for these collections may be found in the GCE-LTER data set INV-GCEM-1707a.
Mollusc population size distribution monitoring: Fall 2016 mid-marsh and creekbank infaunal and epifaunal mollusc size distributions based on collections from GCE marsh monitoring sites 1-10
This data set is the Fall 2016 report of infaunal and epifaunal mollusc species size distributions at the GCE-LTER marsh sites used for population monitoring. Infaunal and epifaunal molluscs were hand-collected from within quadrats of known area from mid-marsh and creekbank zones (n = 4 quadrats per zone) at all sites. The molluscs were returned to the lab, preserved in ethanol, measured and counted (count data is reported separately). Length of each measurable individual was determined using calipers or an ocular micrometer mounted in a stereomicroscope. Species abundance and density data for these collections may be found in the GCE-LTER data set INV-GCEM-1707. Numbers of individuals of each species in the abundance data file may not correspond exactly to the numbers of individuals in the size data file because some individuals may not have been measureable.
Yearly survey of barnacle settlement near creekbank plots at GCE LTER study sites in October 2016
To characterize spatial variation in barnacle recruitment at the creekbank, and across a gradient in salinity and distance to ocean, we deployed PVC poles to passive sample barnacle settlement. Eight poles were deployed between 4-5m apart adjacent to the creekbank vegetation monitoring plots at each GCE LTER permanent monitoring site each Fall beginning in 2012. These poles were then collected the following Fall and all barnacle that settled on the poles were identified and counted on 50cm-long sections of the 8, 3/4" diameter PVC poles. Although a few other barnacle species are occur within this estuary, only two species settled on poles: Chthamalus fragilis and Balanus spp.
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Family Forest Owners in New England 2016
Family forest owners (FFOs) across the U.S., and particularly in New England, are critically important to the health and future of the nation’s forests. It is important to understand the behavior of FFOs because they in the United States collectively own more forested land than the federal government or any other type of owner, and their actions and decisions will impact the public goods these forests provide. Typical studies of FFO behavior use self-reported survey data; participants are asked to recall past behavior or predict future behavior. These surveys are prone to bias, as it can be difficult to remember when things occur or to accurately predict what one will do in the future. Ecological momentary assessments, used commonly in medicine, are a fresh approach to measuring behavior by querying the subject in real-time. The PING project was designed to reduce this bias and provide a more accurate snapshot of how landowners engage with their land on a short-term basis. Participants in two experimental groups were invited to take part in a month-long survey, where the same questions were sent to them in the method of their choosing (text, via social media, or e-mail) once per week, asking about woodland engagement that week. Participants also took a pre- and post-survey to capture both demographics and feedback on the method. Over 61% of participants completed all 4 surveys and there was no statistically significant difference between the day a participant received their survey. Demographics were consistent with national statistics on woodland owners. A plurality of woodland owners in the study harvested timber for personal use and collected non-timber forest products. Finally, 86% of participants found the method of contact and number of questions reasonable, while 77% found the weekly contact reasonable. A plurality of respondents reported that their answers were typical of a given week, but that the survey question made them think more about their woods than t
Harvard Forest Summer Research Program in Ecology Student Surveys 2016-2021
Program Context Since its inception in 1985, when a single undergraduate worked on a study of old-growth forests, the Harvard Forest Summer Research Program in Ecology (HF-SRPE) has developed into a thriving and well-coordinated program that is central to the educational and research mission of the biological field station. With core support since 1993 from a succession of NSF REU Site awards and NSF REU supplements, and with additional funding from Harvard University, HF-SRPE has grown to support 20-30 undergraduate students annually. Students are mentored by principle investigators and senior scientists in conducting research in ecology, soil science, paleoecology, wildlife biology, conservation biology, and atmospheric sciences. The research conducted by our HF-SRPE students contributes substantially to long-term scientific investigations supported by NSF’s Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) and National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) – Earth Ventures (EV) programs, The Smithsonian Institution’s ForestGEO network of plots, and Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC). The overarching objectives of the program are to: enhance the ability of students to undertake high-quality interdisciplinary research; build teams of researchers in which students bring different strengths to the table, collaborate on cutting-edge projects, and find their own intellectual “voice”; encourage students to link fundamental and applied issues in their research; and cultivate the next generation of ecological scientists and educators that reflects the diversity of backgrounds and experiences of students in the United States. Problem Statement Starting in 2005 the National Science Foundation (NSF), as one of the largest funders of undergraduate research programs, began emphasizing the use of project evaluations to both qualitatively and quantitatively measure the success of REU programs (R
Lower American River steelhead and Chinook stranding surveys, California, 2016 - 2025
Steelhead stranding surveys have been conducted on the Lower American River (LAR) for the years 2016-2025. Reclamation’s mission is to manage, develop and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American people. In the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) most recent biological opinion (2009), the presence of dams was identified as the most influential stressor to steelhead on the American River because it blocks passage to historic spawning and rearing habitat. Thus, Reclamation is required to monitor the effects of flow regulation by dams on the steelhead life stages present in the river system. Congruently, Reclamation has committed to significant restoration actions including salmonid spawning and rearing habitat rehabilitation on the Lower American River, which also require accurate and robust monitoring. These surveys support the mission and monitoring requirements of Reclamation by collecting the stranding data required to effectively conduct analyses of the effects of regulating Folsom and Nimbus dams on this federally listed species’ critical life stage development and support operational decision making.
Solute dynamics in the hyporheic zone of a headwater stream in Watershed 1 at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 2016-2018
This project examined the interactions between stream water and subsurface sediment to quantify how these interactions influenced organic C respiration and dissolved inorganic C (DIC) production in the hyporheic zone of a high-gradient headwater mountain stream draining a forested catchment at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA. The study used six 2-m long hyporheic mesocosms which were packed with streambed sediment in the spring of 2016. The mesocosms are located at the Watershed 1 (WS1) stream gage and stream water from WS1 has been pumped through the mesocosms continuously since they were first packed through the end of (and beyond) this study in autumn of 2018. The mesocosms were designed around 1-m long 20-cm diameter aluminum pipe segments with sample ports located each meter along the flowpath through each mesocosm – thus sampling at the inlet, at 1 m, and at the outlet which represents the full 2-m long flow path. Sampling was conducted on seven dates between Oct 23 2016 and Aug 27 2018. On two of these dates, only background samples were collected. On the remaining 5 dates, sampling was designed around continuous-injection tracer experiments using both a conservative tracer (salt) and a reactive tracer (various dissolved organic substrates). For background sampling events, samples were generally only collected once. The tracer experiments involved 4 discreet sampling times: 1. pre-injection (under background conditions); 2. early plateau; 3. late plateau, and 4. post-injection (and in one injection experiment, a 5th sample at late-post-injection time). For each round of samples, the mesocosm water temperature, pH, EC, and DO were measured with sensors in a small flow-through cell. Then water samples were collected for laboratory analysis for both DOC and DIC. The median travel time of water through each pipe segment of the 2-m mesocosms was also calculated from the conservative tracer break-through curves.
Red Wood-Ant Nests and Fault-Related Methane Micro-Seepage 2016
We measured methane (CH4) and stable carbon isotope of methane (ẟ13C-CH4) concentrations in ambient air and within a red wood-ant (RWA; Formica polyctena) nest in the Neuwied Basin (Germany) using high-resolution in-situ sampling to detect microbial, thermogenic, and abiotic fault-related micro-seepage of CH4. Methane degassing from RWA nests was not synchronized with earth tides, nor was it influenced by micro-earthquake degassing or concomitantly measured RWA activity. Two ẟ13C-CH4 signatures were identified in nest gas: −69‰ and −37‰. The lower peak was attributed to microbial decomposition of organic matter within the RWA nest, in line with previous observations that RWA nests are hot-spots of microbial CH4. The higher peak has not been reported in previous studies. We attribute this peak to fault-related CH4 emissions moving via fault networks into the RWA nest, which could originate either from thermogenic or abiotic CH4 formation. Sources of these micro-seepages could be Devonian schists, iron-bearing “Klerf Schichten,” or overlapping micro-seepage of magmatic CH4 from the Eifel plume. Given the abundance of RWA nests on the landscape, their role as sources of microbial CH4 and biological indicators for abiotically-derived CH4 should be included in estimation of methane emissions that are contributing to climatic change.
Geogenic Gases in a Red Wood-Ant Nest and Soil in the Neuwied Basin, Germany 2016
Geochemical tracers of crustal fluids (CO2, He, Rn) provide a useful tool for the identification of buried fault structures. We acquired geochemical data during 7 months of continual sampling to identify causal processes underlying correlations between ambient air and degassing patterns of three gases (CO2, He, Rn) in a nest of red wood ants (Formica polyctena; “RWA”) and the soil at Goloring in the Neuwied Basin, a part of the East Eifel Volcanic Field (EEVF). We explored whether temporal relations and degassing rhythms in soil and nest gas concentrations could be indicators of hidden faults through which the gases migrate to the surface from depth. In nest gas, the coupled system of CO2-He and He concentrations exceeding atmospheric standards 2-3 fold suggested that RWA nests may be biological indicators of hidden degassing faults and fractures at small scales. Equivalently periodic degassing infradian rhythms in the RWA nest, soil, and three nearby mineral springs suggested NW-SE and NE-SW tectonic linkages. Because volcanic activity in the EEVF is dormant, more detailed information on the EEVF’s tectonic, magmatic, and degassing systems and its active tectonic fault zones are needed. Such data could provide additional insights into earthquake processes that are related to magmatic processes at the lower crust.
Legacies of Historical Clearcutting, Wind and Salvage Logging in Pisgah State Forest 2016
Disturbance events affect forest composition and structure across a range of spatial and temporal scales, and subsequent forest development may differ after natural, anthropogenic, or compound disturbances. Following large, natural disturbances, salvage logging is a common and often controversial management practice in many regions of the globe. Yet, while the short-term impacts of salvage logging have been studied in many systems, the long-term effects remain unclear. We capitalized on over eighty years of data following an old-growth Tsuga canadensis-Pinus strobus forest in southwestern New Hampshire, USA after the 1938 hurricane, which severely damaged forests across much of New England. To our knowledge, this study provides the longest evaluation of salvage logging impacts, and it highlights developmental trajectories for Tsuga canadensis-Pinus strobus forests under a variety of disturbance histories. Specifically, we examined development from an old-growth condition in 1930 through 2016 across three different disturbance histories: (1) clearcut logging prior to the 1938 hurricane with some subsequent damage by the hurricane (“logged”), (2) severe damage from the 1938 hurricane (“hurricane”), and (3) severe damage from the hurricane followed by salvage logging (“salvaged”). At each site, 2-4 0.05 ha plots were established, and DBH, species, and distance and direction from plot center were recorded for each tree over 10 cm DBH. Stumps and snags were also measured. From the site center, coarse woody material was measured along three 34-m transects using the line-intersect method. Finally, a 1-ha plot was established around the site center, within which all pit-and-mound structures and stumps were recorded as well as boles associated with these structures.
Periodic Degassing Rhythms in Three Mineral Springs in the Neuwied Basin, Germany 2016
We present a geochemical dataset acquired during continual sampling over 7 months (bi-weekly) and 4 weeks (every 8 hours) in the Neuwied Basin, a part of the East Eifel Volcanic Field (EEVF, Germany). We used a combination of geochemical, geophysical, and statistical methods to describe and identify potential causal processes underlying the correlations of degassing patterns of CO2, He, Rn, and tectonic processes in three investigated mineral springs (Nette, Kärlich and Kobern). We provide for the first time, temporal analyses of periodic degassing patterns (1 day and 2-6 days) in springs. The temporal fluctuations in cyclic behavior of 4–5 days that we recorded had not been observed previously but may be attributed to a fundamental change in either gas source processes, subsequent gas transport to the surface, or the influence of volcano-tectonic earthquakes. Periods observed at 10 and 15 days may be related to discharge pulses of magma in the same periodic rhythm. We report the potential hint that deep low-frequency (DLF) earthquakes might actively modulate degassing. Temporal analyses of the CO2-He and CO2-Rn couples indicate that all springs are interlinked by previously unknown fault systems. The volcanic activity in the EEVF is dormant but not extinct. To understand and monitor its magmatic and degassing systems in relation to new developments in DLF-earthquakes and magmatic recharging processes and to identify seasonal variation in gas flux, we recommend continual monitoring of geogenic gases in all available springs taken at short temporal intervals.
Soil Microbial Community Effects on Quercus Rubra Seedling Survival at Harvard Forest 2016-2017
Feedbacks between plants and their soil microbial communities often drive negative density dependence in tropical forests, but their importance for tree demographics in temperate forests remains unclear. Additionally, the relative contribution of intraspecific seedling competition and soil pathogens to density-dependent patterns has rarely been assessed. We assessed how the soil microbial community influenced Quercus rubra seedling survival by growing seedlings in a greenhouse inoculated with soil collected from beneath conspecific and heterospecific mature trees. We found that seedlings grown with soil from beneath conspecific adults had a higher mortality rate than seedlings grown with soil from beneath heterospecific adults; therefore adult plant-soil feedbacks decrease seedling survival in Q. rubra.
Ants of the Adirondack Mountains High Peaks 2016
The ants of the Adirondack Mountains are rarely sampled, and it was of interest to inventory their diversity as part of a general biodiversity survey of the Adirondack Park in New York State. A first set of collections were done in 2016 in the “High Peaks” region (mountains over 1200 meters (4000 feet) high). Ants were collected haphazardly from nests encountered by Adirondack Mountain trail stewards during June and July 2016 when they were doing regular botanical inventories and trail maintenance. Eleven species were collected, with the cold-climate species Formica neorufibarbis and Camponotus herculeanus accounting for 75% of the nests encountered. The species composition of ants in the Adirondack High Peaks is similar to that of other alpine and subalpine habitats in adjacent New England.
Effects of Forest Fragmentation on Carbon Sequestration and Respiration at Harvard Forest since 2016
Forest loss/fragmentation can have profound impacts on the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle by reducing forest uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2; the primary driver of anthropogenic climate change) through photosynthesis and C storage in forest biomass. Relative to intact rural forests, trees growing in forest fragments within developed landscapes typically experience conditions that can enhance growth such as warmer and longer growing seasons (i.e. urban heat island effect) and greater light and nutrient availability (e.g., nitrogen deposition) as well as conditions that can hinder growth such as increased exposure to damaging pollutants such as ozone and higher rates of disturbance. Our research quantifies the impact of fragmentation on C uptake and respiration near forest edges. In 2016 six 600‐m2 plots were installed along forest edges at the HF, measuring 20 m along the forest edge and extending 30 m into the forest perpendicular to the forest edge. Plot biomass was mapped and tree cores were taken in all trees >10cm diameter. The plots were installed at multiple edge aspects and adjacent land cover types (three meadows, two pastures, and one road). Within each plot, a pair of polyvinyl chloride soil respiration collars 20 cm in diameter × 7 cm tall and located 10 m apart was inserted approximately 2 cm into the soil at four distances from the edge (0, 10, 20, and 30m). Each plot had n = 8 collars for a total of n = 48 collars. Following installation, collars were left in the soil for at least 2 weeks to equilibrate. Air temperature, relative humidity, soil temperature, and soil moisture were logged along the center plot transect.
Lake Mendota Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Measurements at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2016
This original dataset contains carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) data collected in Lake Mendota during the summer of 2016. Data were collected between 15 April 2016 and 14 November 2016 on both Lake Mendota and its surrounding streams—four major inflows and the primary outflow of Lake Mendota. The dataset is comprised of four linked tables, corresponding to carbon and GHG measurements on Lake Mendota (lake_weekly_carbon_ghg), weekly physico-chemical sonde casts on Lake Mendota (lake_weekly_ysi), ebullition rate estimates on Lake Mendota (lake_weekly_ebullition), and carbon and physico-chemical data from the four major inflows and primary outflow of Lake Mendota (stream_weekly_carbon_ysi). These data were used to explore the relationship between organic carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas production on a eutrophic lake. From these data, it is possible to estimate daily oxygen, methane, and carbon dioxide flux on Lake Mendota during the study time period. Additional methods and applications of this data can be found in J.A. Harts Masters Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Limnology, May 2017.
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER Core Data Physical and Chemical Limnology 1984 - 2016
Physical and chemical variables are measured at one central station near the deepest point of each lake. In most cases these measurements are made in the morning (0800 to 0900). Vertical profiles are taken at varied depth intervals. Chemical measurements are sometimes made in a pooled mixed layer sample (PML); sometimes in the epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion; and sometimes in vertical profiles. In the latter case, depths for sampling usually correspond to the surface plus depths of 50percent, 25percent, 10percent, 5percent and 1percent of surface irradiance.
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER Core Data Process Data 1984 - 2016
Data useful for calculating and evaluating primary production processes were collected from 6 lakes from 1984-2016. Chlorophyll a and pheophytin were measured by the same fluorometric method from 1984-2016. In some years chlorophyll and pheophytin were separated into size fractions (total, and a 'small' fraction that passed a 35 um mesh screen). Primary production was measured by the 14C method from 1984-1998. Dissolved inorganic carbon for primary production calculation was calculated from Gran alkalinity titration and air-equilibrated pH until 1987 when this method was replaced by gas chromatography. Until 1995 alkaline phosphatase activity was measured as an indicator of phosphorus deficiency.
Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, USA, Phytobenthos Abundance and Community Composition 2016-2018
We sampled the phytobenthos (epibenthic periphyton) of Lake Mendota from 2016-2018 to track impacts of invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) which were discovered in Lake Mendota in 2015 and grew exponentially to densities greater than 10,000 m-2 in shallow, rocky habitat by 2018. We sampled along three transects inherited from Karatayev et al. (2013) at five different depths (1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 m) twice a summer (June and August) from 2016-2018. A pared-down version of this routine sampling continued from 2019 onward but is not included here. This dataset complements zebra mussel and zoobenthos data collected according to the same routine sampling structure, for which data is also archived with EDI.
Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, USA, Zebra Mussel Veliger Water Column Density 2016-2019
We sampled veliger (larval stage) zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from 2016-2019. Zebra mussels are invasive in Lake Mendota and were first detected in November 2015. Samples were taken at three different sites on Lake Mendota from June to August in 2016, and from June to November in 2018-2019, using a 0.5 m diameter, 64 micrometer mesh size plankton net for an 8 m depth tow. This dataset complements adult zebra mussel, zoobenthos, and phytobenthos data collected during the same time period, for which data is also archived with EDI.
Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, USA, Zebra Mussel Density and Biomass 2016-2018
We sampled adult zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in the benthos of Lake Mendota from 2016-2018 to track the growth of the population following its initial detection in fall 2015. We sampled along three transects inherited from Karatayev et al. (2013) at five different depths (1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 m) twice a summer (June and August) from 2016-2018. Because suitable zebra mussel substrate was limited at these sites, we also selected five 1 m depth, rocky sites (optimal zebra mussel sites) to track density and biomass where colonization was most intense. A pared-down version of this routine sampling continued from 2019 onward but is not included here. This dataset complements zoobenthos and phytobenthos data collected according to the same routine sampling structure, as well as larval zebra mussel (veliger) sampling for which data is also archived with EDI. Biomass data are modeled from lengths of up to 100 individuals that were measured in each sample. Those lengths were fed into Lake Mendota-specific length-to-weight power law equations parameterized by body size measurements (length, width, live weight, wet weight, dry weight, shell weight, shell-free weight, and ash-free dry weight) of 99 mussels collected at different sites across Lake Mendota in 2018.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.