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opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

A historic global ground-based monthly seasonal aerosol climatology based in AERONET data: a database 1993-2013

<table class="ds-includeSet-table detailtable table table-striped table-hover"> <tbody> <tr class="ds-table-row odd "> <td class="metadata-key label-cell" title="dc.description.abstract"> </td> <td class="metadata-field word-break">We present an aerosol classification based upon AERONET level 2.0 almucantar retrieval products from the period 1993 to 2012. In the initial phase of this research we opto-physically identified five major types of Bulk Columnar Aerosol (BCA) - based solely upon intensive optical properties of spectral Single Scattering Albedo (SSA), spectral Indices of Refraction (real – RRI and imaginary - IRI), and two Angstrom Exponents (extinction – EAE and absorption - AAE). These BCA we classified as Maritime Aerosol, Dust Aerosol, Urban Industrial Aerosol, Biomass Burning Aerosol, and Mixed Aerosol. The classification of a particular observation as one of these aerosol types is determined by its five-dimensional Mahalanobis distance (MD) to the centroid of each reference cluster (itself a 5-D hyperellipsoid). To retain a greater number of AERONET sites in the study (200+), we kept the variable space to 5-D. To generate reference clusters, we only retained data points that lie within 2 MD from the data centroid. Our typology is based on AERONET retrieved quantities, which do not include low optical depth values (AOD=440nm < 0.4 as per AERONET criteria for almucantar scan inversion). The classifications obtained will be useful in interpreting aerosol retrievals from satellite borne instruments and as input for regional climate models. The result is a dataset describing the types of aerosol particles that are distinct from one another in optical properties, and a geographic distribution of those aerosol types. We used the typology scheme upon the qualifying AERONET data archive, and produced seasonal aerosol climatologies by aerosol type for each of the AERONET sites included in the study, regional aerosol climatology maps, and a time-integrated global aerosol climatology map based entirely upon ground-based photometric data. An internally hyperlinked compendium of the individual AERONET site aerosol climatologies was produced to contain the results of the first phase of this work [available at https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1352231016304265-mmc1.pdf]. Each of these five aerosol types can be further discriminated into specific sub-types by this same scheme. For example, optical discrimination into specific sub-types of Biomass Burning aerosol may provide insight into sources exhibiting spectrally distinct smoke properties. We then use the mathematical strategies to sort the global AERONET data retrievals into the aerosol type classified against the reference standards. We believe these strategies regarding aerosol differentiation using polarization data will be useful for analysis of the newer AERONET version 3 data retrievals, and data collected from the deployment of newer CIMEL sun-photometers (with enhanced polarization measurement capabilities) to the network. The resulting AERONET-based aerosol typology is useful for applications in aerosol optics, including forward modeling or radiative transfer for remote sensing algorithms, or evaluating radiative forcing calculations in atmospheric models.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Necessary Reference Material: [1] Giordano, M. E., On Interactions of Matter and Energy: Light and Particles in a Terrestrial Atmosphere Progress on Opto-Physical Recognition and Classification of Aerosols: A PhD dissertation, University of Nevada, copyright M.E. Giordano, 294 pages, December 2019. URI: <a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11714/6686" title="http://hdl.handle.net/11714/6686">http://hdl.handle.net/11714/6686</a> <a href="https://scholarworks.unr.edu/handle/11714/6686?show=full" title="https://scholarworks.unr.edu/handle/11714/6686?show=full">https://scholarworks.unr.edu/handle/11714/6686?show=full</a> [2] Giordano, M.E., Ward, C.S., and Hamill, P.: A Compendium of Aerosol Types Based on Mahalanobis Distances and AERONET data. [An internally hyperlinked compendium of seasonal aerosol and local aerosol compositions] Atmospheric Environment, 140, 213-233,2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.002" title="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.002</a> <a href="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1352231016304265-mmc1.pdf" title="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1352231016304265-mmc1.pdf">https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1352231016304265-mmc1.pdf</a> [3] Hamill, P. J., Giordano, M. E., Ward, C.S., Giles, D., Holben, B.: An AERONET - based aerosol classification using the Mahalanobis distance, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 140, September, pgs 213 -233, 2016. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.002">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.002</a>and also at <a href="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1352231016304265-mmc1.pdf">https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1352231016304265-mmc1.pdf</a> [4] Hamill, Patrick, Piedra, Patricio G., Giordano, Marco, E., 2020: Simulated Polarization as a Signature of Aerosol Type. Atmospheric Environment, Volume 224, 117348 article ATMENVD- 19-01763, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117348" title="Persistent link using digital object identifier">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117348</a>

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Centroid values of aerosol optical properties for 8 sub-types based in AERONET inversion data (1993–2018)

In this project, we adapted our previously defined 5 aerosol optical typology scheme (Hamill et al. 2016) to result in a more discriminating 8 aerosol typology scheme (Giordano 2019). Previously we presented an aerosol classification based upon AERONET level 2.0 almucantar retrieval products from the period 1993 to 2012. In the initial phases of this research, we opto-physically identified five major types of Bulk Columnar Aerosol (BCA) based solely upon intensive optical properties of spectral Single Scattering Albedo (SSA), spectral Indices of Refraction (real – RRI and imaginary – IRI), and two Angstrom Exponents (extinction – EAE and absorption – AAE). These BCA were classified as Maritime Aerosol, Dust Aerosol, Urban Industrial Aerosol, Biomass Burning Aerosol, and Mixed Aerosol. The classification of a particular observation as one of these aerosol types is determined by its five-dimensional Mahalanobis distance (MD) to the centroid of each reference cluster (itself a 5-D hyperellipsoid). To retain a greater number of AERONET sites in the study (200+), we kept the variable space to 5-D. To generate reference clusters, we only retained data points that were found to lie within 2 MD from the data centroid. Our typology is based on AERONET retrieved quantities, which do not include low optical depth values (AOD440nm < 0.4 as per AERONET criteria for almucantar scan inversion). The classifications obtained are made available to be used in interpreting aerosol retrievals from satellite-borne instruments and as input for regional climate models. A major result of this aerosol typology is a dataset describing the types of aerosol particles that are distinct from one another in optical properties and a geographic distribution of those aerosol types. We used the typology scheme upon the qualifying AERONET data archive and produced seasonal aerosol climatologies by aerosol type for each of the AERONET sites included in the study, regional aerosol climatology maps, and a time-integrated global aerosol climatology map based entirely upon ground-based photometric data (Giordano 2022). An internally hyperlinked compendium of the individual AERONET site aerosol climatologies was produced to contain the results of the first phase of this work [available at <a href="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1352231016304265-mmc1.pdf">https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1352231016304265-mmc1.pdf</a>]. Each of these original five aerosol types (Hamill et al. 2016, Giordano 2019) was further discriminated into specific sub-types by this same scheme to achieve an 8-aerosol typology (Giordano 2019 Chapter 2). For example, optical discrimination into specific sub-types of Biomass Burning aerosol may provide insight into sources exhibiting spectrally distinct smoke properties. Here we segmented the Biomass Burning Aerosol type into the sub-types of Flaming (BMF) and Smoldering (BMS) using the centroid separation method and the MD criteria for in-class inclusion was adjusted to 1.5 MD. Similarly, we found great confidence in discriminating the MIXED aerosol type into two distinct regimes which we simply labeled as MIXEDtype1 (MIXED1) and MIXEDtype2 (MIXED2). These can be visually verified by examining any one of many possible renditions of 3-D optical spaces noting their 5-D centroids are separated by a distance of 3.47-3.85 MD [Giordano 2019 Chapter 2]. Likewise, the Urban Industrial Aerosol class was further discriminated into European Urban Industrial (EURO UI) and North American (NA UI), whose 5-D centroids are separated by a distance of 2.60–3.08 MD. We then used the previously employed mathematical strategies to sort the global AERONET data retrievals into the aerosol types classified against their reference standards. We believe the strategies regarding aerosol differentiation using polarization data (Hamill, Piedra and Giordano 2020) are an additional method useful for analysis of the newer AERONET version 3 data retrievals, and data collected from the deployment of newer CIMEL sun-photometers (with enhanced polarization measurement capabilities) to the network. The resulting AERONET-based 8-aerosol optical typology, in a 5-D basis is useful for applications in aerosol optics, including direct forward modeling of radiative transfer to determine the effects of aerosol absorption and/or scattering on vertical heating profiles and ground received irradiance quantities, for input into more complicated remote sensing algorithms, used as calibration/validation values for in-situ and laboratory experimental studies, and evaluating radiative forcing calculations in atmospheric models. [Work related to an 8-aerosol typology in 6-D, 8-D, 9-D and 10-D optical property bases, and their files, are to be published subsequently as a different database project in 2023.]

publicApr 2022View details →

A historic global ground-based monthly seasonal aerosol climatology based in AERONET data: a database 1993-2013

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publicJan 2023View details →

Centroid values of aerosol optical properties for 8 sub-types based in AERONET inversion data (1993–2018)

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zenodo36/100

Dataset used for PARASOL/GRASP aerosol products validation with AERONET and comparison with MODIS

Dataset used for PARASOL/GRASP aerosol products validation with AERONET and comparison with MODIS  1. PARASOL/GRASP vs. AERONET for 2005-2013 <ul> <li>AOD at 443, 490, 550, 565, 670, 865 and 1020 nm</li> <li>AE (440/870)</li> <li>AODF and AODC at 550 nm</li> <li>SSA at 440, 675, 870, and 1020 nm</li> <li>AAOD at 550 nm</li> </ul> 2. PARASOL/GRASP, PARASOL/Operational, MODIS (DT, DB and MAIAC) vs. AERONET for year 2008 <ul> <li>AOD 550 nm</li> <li>AE (440/670) and AE (440/870)</li> <li>AODF and AODC 550 nm</li> </ul> 3. Inter-comparison of daily 0.1 degree grided PARASOL and MODIS aerosol products for year 2008 <ul> <li>Daily 0.1 x 0.1 degree grided PARASOL and MODIS AOD 550 nm for 2008 <ul> <li>PARASOL/HP; PARASOL/Models; MODIS/DT; MODIS/DB; MODIS/MAIAC</li> </ul> </li> </ul>   Please follow the data policy of each data source: PARASOL/GRASP: GRASP-OPEN (<a href="https://www.grasp-open.com/products/">https://www.grasp-open.com/products/</a>) PARASOL/Operational: ICARE (<a href="http://www.icare.univ-lille1.fr">http://www.icare.univ-lille1.fr</a>) MODIS/DT and DB C6 MYD04_L2: ICARE (<a href="http://www.icare.univ-lille1.fr">http://www.icare.univ-lille1.fr</a>) MODIS/MAIAC MAC19A2: NASA LAADS (<a href="https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov">https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov</a>) AERONET: <a href="http://www.aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov">http://www.aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov</a>   Details can be found in manuscript: Chen, C., O. Dubovik, D. Fuertes, P. Litvinov, T. Lapyonok, A. Lopatin, F. Ducos, Y. Derimian, M. Herman, D. Tanré, L. A. Remer, A. Lyapustin, A. M. Sayer, R. C. Levy, N. C. Hsu, J. Descloitres, L. Li, B. Torres, Y. Karol, M. Herrera, M. Herreras., M. Aspetsberger, M. Wanzenboeck, L. Bindreiter, D. Marth, A. Hangler, and Federspiel C., Validation of GRASP algorithm product from POLDER/PARASOL data and assessment of multi-angular polarimetry potential for aerosol monitoring, submitted to ESSD, <a href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2020-224/">https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2020-224/</a>, 2020.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

zenodo36/100

Monthly mean optical depth at 550 nm derived from AERONET data used for model evaluation in GMD-2021-357

Climatological monthly means over 2000-2014 derived from Aerosol Robotic Network version 3 level 2.0 direct sun retrievals (monthly data) used for model evaluation in Myriokefalitakis et al. (2021), doi: 10.5194/gmd-2021-357 The netCDF file includes the AOD at the 4 native AERONET wavelengths (440 nm, 670 nm, 870 nm and 1020 nm), as well as the interpolated values at 550 nm used for the evaluation. The statistics stored are calculated over the monthly values for the 15 year period and include: monthly mean, 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile, standard deviation, standard error, number of days available per station and month and number of days where coarse AOD dominates (used as proxy for dusty days).  The AERONET retrievals of optical depth were downloaded through the AERONET data download tool (available at: https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/, last accessed March 28, 2020). We thank the principal investigators and their collaborators for their effort in establishing and maintaining all AERONET sites used in this compilation. The use of this dataset must follow the guidelines of the original data providers at AERONET, explained here: https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/new_web/data_usage.html

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

zenodo32/100

Supporting Information for "How long is too long? Variogram analysis of AERONET data to aid aerosol validation and intercomparison studies"

This contains data sets and their description for the paper "How long is too long? Variogram analysis of AERONET data to aid aerosol validation and intercomparison studies" submitted to the journal Earth and Space Science by this author. This study investigates the uncertainty introduced into comparisons (between e.g. AERONET ground observations, satellite retrievals, or model simulations) of aerosol optical properties due to differences in time of observation between the data sets. This uncertainty source has historically been neglected but is potentially important in some situations.   Journal policies are that Supporting Information data sets can no longer be archived with the paper, but instead should be uploaded to a separate repository. As a result, I have uploaded these data here.   This data set consists of one pdf file describing the data sets, and then two zip archives containing the data (ASCII format). The total size is approximately 10 MB. These data files allow the reproduction of analysis results in this paper, and enable researchers to estimate temporal mismatch uncertainties in their own analyses involving AERONET sites.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

zenodo28/100

Global Aerosol Models (AEROEX) based on 3-Decade AERONET data.

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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

nasa28/100

SAFARI 2000 AERONET Ground-based Aerosol Data, Dry Season 2000

AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) is an optical ground-based aerosol monitoring network and data archive system. AERONET measurements of the column-integrated aerosol optical properties in the southern Africa region were made by sun-sky radiometers at several sites in August-September 2000 as a part of the SAFARI 2000 dry season aircraft campaign.AERONET is supported by NASA's Earth Observing System and expanded by federation with many non-NASA institutions. The network hardware consists of identical automatic sun-sky scanning spectral radiometers owned by national agencies and universities. Data from this collaboration provides globally-distributed near-real-time observations of aerosol spectral optical depths, aerosol size distributions, and precipitable water in diverse aerosol regimes.The AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) program is an inclusive federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks established by AERONET and PHOTON and greatly expanded by AEROCAN (the Canadian sun-photometer network) and other agency, institute and university partners. The goal is to assess aerosol optical properties and validate satellite retrievals of aerosol optical properties. The network imposes standardization of instruments, calibration, and processing. Data from this collaboration provides globally distributed observations of spectral aerosol optical depths, inversion products, and precipitable water in geographically diverse aerosol regimes. Three levels of data are available from the AERONET website: Level 1.0 (unscreened), Level 1.5 (cloud-screened), and Level 2.0 (Cloud-screened and quality-assured). (CAUTION: Data presented in the real time data version is unscreened and may not have final calibration reprocessing.) For each site there is a Principal Investigator (PI), the person responsible for deployment, maintenance and data collection. The PI is entitled to be informed of any use of that site data.NOTICE TO NON-AERONET INVESTIGATORS: To maintain the integrity of the data base and fairness to the individuals who have contributed, use of these data for publication requires an offer of authorship to the AERONET PI(s).

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LBA-ECO TG-03 Aeronet Aerosol Optical Thickness Measurements, Brazil: 1993-2005

This data set includes aerosol optical thickness measurements from the CIMEL sunphotometer for 22 sites in Brazil during the period from 1993-2005. The AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) program is an inclusive federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks established by AERONET and the PHOtomÃ©trie pour le Traitement OpÃ©rationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) and greatly expanded by AEROCAN (the Canadian sunphotometer network) and other agency, institute and university partners. The goal is to assess aerosol optical properties and validate satellite retrievals of aerosol optical properties. The network imposes standardization of instruments, calibration, and processing. Data from this collaboration provides globally distributed observations of spectral aerosol optical depths, inversion products, and precipitable water in geographically diverse aerosol regimes. Three levels of data are available from the AERONET website: Level 1.0 (unscreened), Level 1.5 (cloud-screened), and Level 2.0 (cloud-screened and quality-assured). Data provided here are Level 2.0. There are 22 comma-delimited data files with this data set and one companion text file which contains the latitude, longitude, and elevation of the 22 sites.

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SAFARI 2000 AERONET-derived Diffuse Spectral Irradiance for Eight Core Sites

This data set contains monthly mean values of diffuse irradiance fraction [f(Ediff), or ratio of diffuse-to-total irradiance] at ground level for a 30-degree solar zenith angle and in seven spectral bands (MODIS bands 1-7) as well broadband visible (400-700 nm), near-infrared (700-3000 nm) and shortwave (400-3000 nm). Values are provided for eight SAFARI 2000 core sites, including Ghanzi/Okwa River Crossing, Maun (Main and Floodplain Towers), Pandamatenga, and Tshane, Botswana; Skukuza, South Africa; Etosha National Park, Namibia; and Mongu, Zambia. The fractions were estimated with the 6S radiative transfer model, given the mean aerosol optical depth (AOT) values from AERONET sunphotometer measurements. Where sunphotometers were not deployed at a SAFARI 2000 core site, the nearest neighbor sunphotometer data were used. A rough estimate of the likely spatial extrapolation error is provided. These data can be used to estimate typical surface albedo (blue sky conditions) from the theoretical black-sky and white-sky albedo values provided in the MODIS albedo product (MOD43), as well as in other applications.Data for all eight sites are contained in one ASCII file, in csv format. The data file provides the ratio of diffuse (atmospherically-scattered) irradiance to total irradiance, both at ground level, for the eight sites in southern Africa. Mean values are provided for each of 12 months in 10 spectral bands between 0.4 and 4.0 microns, computed for a 30-degree solar zenith angle. The native resolution of the AERONET sunphotometer data varies, but is typically less than 1 hour. Information about the site location, IGBP classification, and nearest AERONET sunphotometer site is also provided.

AERONET-OCEAN COLOR

The Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), developed to sustain atmospheric studies at various scales with measurements from worldwide distributed autonomous sun-photometers has been extended to support marine applications. This new network component called AERONET – Ocean Color (AERONET-OC), provides the additional capability of measuring the radiance emerging from the sea (i.e., water-leaving radiance) with modified sun-photometers installed on offshore platforms like lighthouses, oceanographic and oil towers. AERONET-OC is instrumental in satellite ocean color validation activities through standardized measurements a) performed at different sites with a single measuring system and protocol, b) calibrated with an identical reference source and method, and c) processed with the same code.

AERONET-OCEAN COLOR

AERONET-OCEAN COLOR

Sulfates, Clouds and Radiation Brazil (SCAR-B) AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) Data

SCAR_B_AERONET data are Smoke, Clouds and Radiation Brazil (SCARB) Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data for aerosol characterization.Smoke/Sulfates, Clouds and Radiation - Brazil (SCAR-B) data include physical and chemical components of the Earth's surface, the atmosphere and the radiation field collected in Brazil with an emphasis in biomass burning.The objectives for the SCAR mission are: to advance our knowledge of how the physical, chemical and radiative processes in our atmosphere are affected by sulfate aerosol and smoke from biomass burning; to improve our expertise at remotely sensing smoke, water vapor, clouds, vegetation and fires; and to assess the effects of deforestation and biomass burning on tropical landscapes.AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) is an optical ground based aerosol monitoring network and data archive supported by NASA's Earth Observing System and expanded by federation with many non-NASA institutions. The network hardware consists of identical automatic sun-sky scanning spectral radiometers owned by national agencies and universities. Data from this collaboration provides globally distributed near real time observations of aerosol spectral optical depths, aerosol size distributions, and precipitable water in diverse aerosol regimes. The data undergo preliminary processing (real time data), reprocessing (final calibration ~6 mo. after data collection), quality assurance, archiving and distribution from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center master archive and several identical data bases maintained globally. The data provide algorithm validation of satellite aerosol retrievals and as well as characterization of aerosol properties that are unavailable from satellite sensors.

MODIS/Aqua Atmosphere Aeronet Subsetting Product

The MODIS/Aqua Atmosphere Aeronet Subsetting Product (MYDARNSS) consists of MODIS Atmosphere and Ancillary Products subsets that are generated over a number of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites. These sites comprise of sites of automatic tracking Sun photometers/sky radiometers located all over the world. The process of generating cutouts involves locating and identifying a subset of sites taken from a global AERONET that are within the spatial coverage of a 5 minute Level 2 MODIS granule and extracting 0.5 x 0.5 degree cutouts. The MYDARNSS data set consists of subsets for around 180 AERONET sites around the globe. There is one file per site with 55 Science Data Sets (SDS) such as at-aperture radiances for 36 discrete MODIS bands, Cloud Mask, and Water Vapor, etc.

MODIS/Terra Atmosphere Aeronet Subsetting Product

The MODIS/Terra Atmosphere Aeronet Subsetting Product (MODARNSS) consists of MODIS Atmosphere and Ancillary Products subsets that are generated over a number of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites. These sites comprise of sites of automatic tracking Sun photometers/sky radiometers located all over the world. The process of generating cutouts involves locating and identifying a subset of sites taken from a global AERONET that are within the spatial coverage of a 5 minute Level 2 MODIS granule and extracting 0.5 x 0.5 degree cutouts. The MODARNSS data set consists of subsets for around 180 AERONET sites around the globe. There is one file per site with 55 Science Data Sets (SDS) such as at-aperture radiances for 36 discrete MODIS bands, Cloud Mask, and Water Vapor, etc.

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AERONET-SDA Retrievals

The SDA dataset uses the spectral behavior of AOD to partition between fine and coarse modes, without a size-cutoff radius of the type used by the Dubovik and King [2000] inversion algorithm. The SDA data are derived from the direct-Sun observations rather than almucantar scans. Datasets are available at annual, monthly and daily accrurals.

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AERONET Level 2.0 AOD

The aerosol optical depth processing includes the spectral de-convolution algorithm (SDA) described in O'Neill et al. (2003). This algorithm yields fine (sub-micron) and coarse (super-micron) aerosol optical depths at a standard wavelength of 500 nm (from which FMF*, the fraction of fine mode to total aerosol optical depth can be computed).