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167 results for “ALARMES”
Mappings for "Developing a Scalable Annotation Method for Large Datasets That Enhances Alarms With Actionability Data to Increase Informativeness: Mixed Methods Approach"
<p>Studies identified false and non-actionnable alarms as a factor for alarm fatigue in intensive care units.</p> <p>To annotate patient alarms, and analyse the alarm situation in intensive care units, we conceptualized and performed data mappings related to airway management and medication interventions. The mappings were based on information retrieved from the patient data management system (PDMS) and clinical expertise. For the airway management mappings, we used additional resources such as ISO 19223:2019 or ventilator instruction manuals. The mappings do not include patient data.</p> <p>As the mappings are generic, they could be used in other contexts than alarm annotation and research.</p> <p><strong>1. Respiratory Management Mappings:</strong></p> <ul> <li>General tables summarizing the 1) categories based on ISO 19223:2019 to describe respiratory support therapies (RSTs), 2) defining the invasiveness level of a RST and 3) listing the abbreviations used in the mappings</li> <li> <p>Tables including PDMS entries for airway devices (ADs), ventilation devices (VDs), and ventilation modes (VMs)</p> </li> <li> <p>Mapping of AD entries (from the PDMS) to defined categories</p> </li> <li> <p>Mapping of VDs, VMs, and ADs to defined RSTs, including information on invasiveness</p> </li> <li> <p>Table specifying suitable ventilation parameters in the context of each RST</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>2. Medication Mappings:</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>General tables providing information on physiological alarm conditions (PACs), interventions, routes, and techniques of administration of interest</p> </li> <li> <p>Mapping of routes of administration to techniques of administration including PDMS entries</p> </li> <li> <p>Mapping of active ingredients (including SNOMED CT Fully Specified Names and Identifiers), related PDMS information, and routes and techniques of administration to defined PAC and interventions</p> </li> </ul>
Reducing False Arrhythmia Alarms in the ICU - The PhysioNet Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2015
<p>This dataset is part of the available dataset for <em>The PhysioNet Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2015</em>, available at https://www.physionet.org/content/challenge-2015/1.0.0/training.zip (last accessed today 2021-03-24).</p> <p>The dataset is licensed under GNU GPL license Version 3:</p> <p>Permissions:</p> <ul> <li>Commercial use</li> <li>Distribution</li> <li>Modification</li> <li>Patent use</li> <li>Private use</li> </ul> <p>Conditions:</p> <ul> <li>Disclose source</li> <li>License and copyright notice</li> <li>Same license</li> <li>State changes</li> </ul> <p>Limitations:</p> <ul> <li>Liability</li> <li>Warranty</li> </ul> <p>For more information about the license, check: https://choosealicense.com/licenses/gpl-3.0/</p> <p>The following modifications were made:</p> <ul> <li>Only the targets folder is used</li> <li>Only the files *.hea and *.mat are used, being the latter converted to CSV and compressed in .bz2 format</li> <li>Added the LICENSE.txt file as required.</li> </ul>
Creating Safe Environments: Optimal Acoustic Alarming of Laypeople in Fire Prevention - Online Supplement
<p>This online supplement contains datasets (raw data) and study material collected in an experimental study by the University of Münster, Germany. The study is part of a larger research project (<a href="https://www.brawa.ovgu.de/en/">https://www.brawa.ovgu.de/en/</a>) and examined the perception of acoustic fire alarm signals.</p> <p>Hazards like fires occur regularly and can cost people’s lives. Optimal auditory alarm signals enable laypeople to recognize dangers and to protect themselves. Existing fire alarm sound research focuses on alarm sounds and voice alerts presented singularly. We explored a combination of both and aimed to identify alarm signals that work optimally in everyday life. Thus, we conducted two online experiments: In Study 1 (<em>N</em> = 379), we tested eight alarm sounds regarding their typicality, their familiarity, their arousal, their valence, and their dominance. Siren-like alarm sounds were most effective. In Study 2 (<em>N</em> = 206), we combined the four most effective alarm sounds with a voice alert. The voice alert reinforced ambiguity reduction, action motivation, and action intention. Hence, we suggest using alarm sounds with siren-like patterns. They should be combined with a voice alert to foster a quick and specific (target task-oriented) reaction.</p> <p>The ethics committee of the University of Münster approved the studies (ID 2021-57-MT), and we preregistered both studies with AsPredicted.org under numbers #77031 and #81137 (see <a href="https://aspredicted.org/vx2rr.pdf">https://aspredicted.org/vx2rr.pdf</a> and <a href="https://aspredicted.org/mt9g3.pdf">https://aspredicted.org/mt9g3.pdf</a>). The studies were supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant numbers 13N15416 and 13N15419).</p> <p><strong>This online supplement includes: </strong></p> <ul> <li>Two codebooks describing all instructions and items in Study 1 and in Study 2</li> <li>Raw data (anonymized) and analysis scripts (Note: The raw data contains only the information of persons who were included in the analysis and who gave their informed consent. Some demographic information was deleted to ensure anonymity.)</li> <li>Study material: <ul> <li>Alarm signal example</li> <li>Hearing test implemented in both studies</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Interpreting the smells of predation: How alarm cues and kairomones induce different prey defenses.
1. For phenotypically plastic organisms to produce phenotypes that are well matched to their environment, they must acquire information about their environment. For inducible defences, cues from damaged prey and cues from predators both have the potential to provide important information, yet we know little about the relative importance of these separate sources of information for behavioural and morphological defences. We also do not know the point during a predation event at which kairomones are produced, i.e. whether they are produced constitutively, during prey attack or during prey digestion. 2. We exposed leopard frog tadpoles (Rana pipiens) to nine predator cue treatments involving several combinations of cues from damaged conspecifics or heterospecifics, starved predators, predators only chewing prey, predators only digesting prey or predators chewing and digesting prey. 3. We quantified two behavioural defences. Tadpole hiding behaviour was induced only by cues from crushed tadpoles. Reduced tadpole activity was induced only by cues from predators digesting tadpoles or predators chewing + digesting tadpoles. 4. We also quantified tadpole mass and two size-adjusted morphological traits that are known to be phenotypically plastic. Mass was unaffected by the cue treatments. Relative body length was affected (i.e. there were differences among some treatments), but none of the treatments significantly differed from the no-predator control. Relative tail depth was affected by the treatments and deeper tails were induced only when tadpoles were exposed to cues from predators digesting tadpoles or cues from predators chewing + digesting tadpoles. 5. These results demonstrate that some prey species can discriminate among a diverse set of potential cues from heterospecific prey, conspecific prey and predators. Moreover, the results illustrate that the cues responsible for the full suite of behavioural and morphological defences are not induced by tadpole crushing nor
Damage, digestion, and defense: The roles of alarm cues and kairomones for inducing prey defenses.
Inducible defences are widely used for studying phenotypic plasticity, yet frequently we know little about the cues that induce these defences. For aquatic prey, defences are induced by chemical cues from predators (kairomones) and injured prey (alarm cues). Rarely has anyone determined the separate and combined effects of these cues, particularly across phylogenetically diverse prey types. We examined how tadpoles (Hyla versicolor) altered their defences when 10 different prey were either crushed by hand or consumed by predators. Across all prey types, crushing induced only a subset of the defences induced by consumption. Consuming vs. crushing produced additive responses for behaviour but synergistic responses for morphology and growth. Moreover, we discovered the first extensive evidence that prey responses to different alarm cues depends on prey phylogeny. These results suggest that the amount of information available to the prey affects both the quantitative and qualitative nature of the defended phenotype.
When should prey respond to heterospecific alarm cues? Testing the hypotheses of perceived risk.
In aquatic systems, a long-standing question is why chemical cues from some diets consumed by a predator induce strong anti-predator responses in prey while other diets induce weak or no responses. We performed an experiment to determine if strong prey responses to particular predator diets are due to prey being closely related to the predator’s diet (i.e., phylogenetic relatedness) or due to prey coexisting with the predator’s diet and thereby sharing a risk of predation. We compared the behavior of Gray Treefrog tadpoles (Hyla versicolor) to cues from a dragonfly nymph (Anax junius) that consumed either conspecific Gray Treefrogs, one of six diets that commonly coexist with Gray Treefrogs (spanning a wide range of phylogenetic relatedness), or one diet that is closely related to Gray Treefrogs but has an allopatric range that has not overlapped for at least 20,000 yrs. We found that tadpoles could discriminate among the diets and that the magnitude of behavioral response supported the hypothesis of diet phylogenetic relatedness and refuted the hypothesis of diet coexistence.
Рис. 6. Контактно-тревожная позывка «перекΛичка» птенцов I. sinensis (a) и гибриΑных птиц (b) Fig. 6. Contact-alarm call "roll call" of I. sinensis nestlings (a) and hybrid birds (b) in Call repertoire of Bitterns Ixobrychus in Russian Far East
Рис. 6. Контактно-тревожная позывка «перекΛичка» птенцов I. sinensis (a) и гибриΑных птиц (b) Fig. 6. Contact-alarm call "roll call" of I. sinensis nestlings (a) and hybrid birds (b)
Evolved eavesdropping: sympatric but not allopatric honey bee species can detect and use hornet alarm pheromone for defence
<p>Eavesdropping is predicted to evolve between sympatric, but not allopatric, predator and prey. The evolutionary arms race between Asian honey bees and their hornet predators has led to a remarkable defence, heat-balling, which suffocates hornets with heat and carbon dioxide. We show that the sympatric Asian species, <em>Apis cerana</em>(Ac), formed heat balls in response to Ac and hornet (<em>Vespa</em><em>velutina</em>) alarm pheromones, demonstrating eavesdropping. The allopatric species, <em>Apis</em><em>mellifera</em>(Am), only weakly responded to a live hornet and Am alarm pheromone, butnot to hornet alarm pheromone. We observed typical hornet alarm pheromone releasing behaviour, hornet sting extension, when guard bees initially attacked. Once heat balls were formed, guards released honey bee sting alarm pheromones: isopentyl acetate, octyl acetate, (<em>E</em>)-2-decen-1-yl acetate, and benzyl acetate. Only Ac heat-balled in response to realistic bee alarm pheromone component levels, <1 bee-equivalent (1 µg), of isopentyl acetate. Detailed eavesdropping experiments showed that Ac, but not Am, formed heat-balls in response to a synthetic blend of hornet alarm pheromone. Only Ac antennae showed strong, consistent responses to hornet alarm pheromone compounds and venom volatiles. These data provide the first evidence that the sympatric Ac, but not the allopatric Am, can eavesdrop upon hornet alarm pheromone and uses this information, in addition to bee alarm pheromone, to heat-ball hornets. Evolution has likely given Ac this eavesdropping ability, an adaptation that the allopatric Am does not possess.</p>
Dataset, analyses and figures for the paper "Alarming patterns of mature forest loss in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest"
<div>The Repository.7z file in this data publication contains the GIS Folder (data, QGIS project), analysis, tables and figures used for the article <strong>"Alarming patterns of mature forest loss in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest", </strong>published in<strong> Nature Sustainability.</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>The GIS project was built under QGIS 3.38.1 and contains as layers :</div> <div><br>1) <strong><em>pol_deforestation_EPSG5880_final</em></strong> - polygons of all deforested areas from 2010 to 2020</div> <div>Attributes:</div> <ul> <li> <ul> <li><strong><em>ID</em></strong> - polygon identifier</li> <li><strong><em>UF</em></strong> - Brazilian states</li> <li><strong><em>area_ha</em></strong> - deforestation area in hectare</li> <li><strong><em>ClassDF</em></strong> - include the period deforestation was observed. E.g. "Decremento ....2016-2017" = deforestation between 2016-2017.</li> <li><strong><em>phisiognomy</em></strong> - original Atlantic Forest Physiognomy according to Atlantic Forest Law map</li> <li><strong><em>LUC</em></strong> - LandUse and cover legend. <ul> <li>Aa, An, and R = Water body (W)</li> <li>CAp = Permanente crop (PC)</li> <li>CAt and CAs = Temporary crop (TC)</li> <li>I and MV = Infrastructure (I)</li> <li>M = Mining (M)</li> <li>P = Pasture (P)</li> <li>S = Silviculture (S)</li> <li>U = Urbanization (U)</li> <li>VSa = Medium secondary vegetation (SV2)</li> <li>VSf = Advanced secondary vegetation (SV3)</li> <li>VSi = Early secondary vegetation (SV1)</li> </ul> </li> <li><em><strong>UC_</strong></em> atributes related to Protected Areas intersected by deforestation polygons</li> <li><strong><em>QL_</em></strong> atributes related to Quilombola lands intersected by deforestation polygons</li> <li><strong><em>TI_</em></strong> atributes related to Indigenous lands intersected by deforestation polygons</li> <li><strong><em>CAR_Pequen </em></strong>indicates the fraction of deforested area (hectare) of that polygon within small properties</li> <li><strong><em>CAR_Medio</em></strong> indicates the fraction of deforested area (hectare) of that polygon within medium properties</li> <li><strong><em>CAR_Pequen</em></strong> indicates the fraction of deforested area (hectare) of that polygon within Large properties</li> <li><em><strong>ST_ atributes</strong></em> related to agrarian settlement projects intersected by deforestation polygons</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div> </div> <div>2) <strong><em>pol_deforestation_EPSG5880_final_centroid</em></strong></div> <div>Centroids of deforested areas polygons</div> <div> </div> <div>3) <strong><em>Remaining_atlanticforest_2010_EPSG5880</em></strong></div> <div>contain mask of remaining vegetation in the Atlantic Forest in 2010 with the Brazilian state, vegetation class (Mata = Forest type; Mangue and Restinga = vegetation typical of coastal zones), and total area they were associated with.</div> <div> </div> <div>4) <strong><em>AtlanticForestLaw_Albers_sirgas 2000</em></strong> - polygon of Atlantic Forest boundary according to Atlantic Forest Law 11.428/2006. The polygon is classified by Atlantic Forest physiognomies in "FITO" attribute.</div> <div> </div> <div>5) <strong>Goup LandTenure</strong> - layers related to each land tenure</div> <ul> <li> <ul> <li>suffix '_EPSG5880_deforestation_centroid' the centroids of each land tenure intersected by deforestation polygon</li> <li>prefix 'Remaining_atlanticforest_2010_EPSG5880_' the atlantic forest vegetation remaining in each land tenure in 2010</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div> </div> <div>6) <strong>Group Hotspots</strong> - layers related to deforestation hotspot analyses.</div> <div> </div> <div>7) <strong>Group </strong><strong>Physiognomies</strong> - layers related to Atlantic forest biome and its physiognomies</div>
Dataset and RScript - Effect of insecticide on termite alarm behavior
<p>Dataset and RScript of the MS "How to perceive the insecticide? The Neotropical termite <em>Nasutitermes corniger</em> (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) triggers alert behavior after exposure to imidacloprid".</p>
Food quantity and the intensity of the alarm signal combine to modulate the resource selection in a termite species
<p>Maximizing food intake while minimizing risk is an important trade-off in the foraging behavior of most animals. In general, foragers are vulnerable and the ability to trade off benefits (food quantity) against costs (risk of being killed) may provide a considerable ecological advantage. Despite the increasing number of studies, the effects of food quantity and mortality risk signals on resource selection in eusocial insect is not well understood. Here, we investigated the combination of distinct levels of food quantity and the intensity of alarm signal on resource selection of a Neotropical termite, <em>Nasutitermes</em> <em>corniger</em> (Motschulsky) (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae). Manipulative bioassays with binary and multiple choices were conducted over time to check the recruitment of termite groups among resources containing different levels of food quantity and alarm signals. Overall, our results showed that regardless of food quantity, termites avoid a food source if there is even a small amount of alarm signal. This work contributes to a better understanding of habitat use by termite species. Furthermore, it shows for the first time the combined effects of food quantity and alarm signals on the resource selection of an important ecological and economic termite species. </p>
Nestling birds learn socially to eavesdrop on heterospecific alarm calls through acoustic association
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Food quantity and the intensity of the alarm signal combine to modulate the resource selection in a termite species
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Alarms
<p>A number of structural coverage criteria have been proposed to measure the adequacy of testing efforts. In the avionics and other critical systems domains, test suites satisfying structural coverage criteria are mandated by standards. With the advent of powerful automated test generation tools, it is tempting to simply generate test inputs to satisfy these structural coverage criteria. However, while techniques to produce coverage-providing tests are well established, the effectiveness of such approaches in terms of fault detection ability has not been adequately studied. In this work, we evaluate the effectiveness of test suites generated to satisfy four coverage criteria through counterexample-based test generation and a random generation approach-where tests are randomly generated until coverage is achieved-contrasted against purely random test suites of equal size. Our results yield three key conclusions. First, coverage criteria satisfaction alone can be a poor indication of fault finding effectiveness, with inconsistent results between the seven case examples (and random test suites of equal size often providing similar-or even higher-levels of fault finding). Second, the use of structural coverage as a supplement-rather than a target-for test generation can have a positive impact, with random test suites reduced to a coverage-providing subset detecting up to 13.5 percent more faults than test suites generated specifically to achieve coverage. Finally, Observable MC/DC, a criterion designed to account for program structure and the selection of the test oracle, can-in part-address the failings of traditional structural coverage criteria, allowing for the generation of test suites achieving higher levels of fault detection than random test suites of equal size. These observations point to risks inherent in the increase in test automation in critical systems, and the need for more research in how coverage criteria, test generation approaches, the test oracle use- , and system structure jointly influence test effectiveness.</p>
Revisiting the burglar-alarm hypothesis: a behavioral cascade mediated by dinoflagellate bioluminescence
<p>Bioluminescence is widespread among marine organisms and has evolved independently multiple times. While its specific adaptive value is diverse, bioluminescence in most cases mediates fundamental interactions between individuals (predator, prey, mates) and thus impacts ecosystem processes. One hypothesized value of bioluminescence in dinoflagellates is through the 'burglar alarm': grazers of phytoplankton will make the ambient water 'glow' as they swim, thereby attracting visual predators of the grazer, thus indirectly protecting the dinoflagellates.</p> <p>However, the most important grazers of dinoflagellates, copepods, are generally too small to elicit dinoflagellates to glow. Only individual cells captured by a copepod will flash, which in turn elicits a powerful escape response in the copepod. Here, we test a variant of this hypothesis that may work for copepods. The behavioral response of the grazer to the flashing of a captured dinoflagellate, rather than the flashing itself, attracts the attention of the grazer's flow-sensing predators.</p> <p>We demonstrate that bioluminescence in three dinoflagellates reduces the clearance- and ingestion rate of nauplii of the copepod <em>Temora longicornis</em>. The presence of bioluminescent cells also elicited an increased frequency of high-speed jumps of the grazers. The increased jump frequency elevated the detectability of the grazers to a flow-sensing predator, the copepod <em>Centropages typicus</em>, consequently leading to increased predation mortality of <em>T. longicornis</em> nauplii. The consequent behavioral cascade mediated by bioluminescence works for small grazers that cause only single cells to flash, unlike the traditional description of the burglar alarm.</p>
Alarm Bell
Alarm Bell, was 3D scanned using a Creaform Go Scan 50. For more information about this object, feel free to visit: https://www.visitindy.com/indianapolis-firefighters-museum-historical-society For more information about the 3D Digitization Program at IUPUI visit: https://www.ulib.iupui.edu/digitalscholarship/3ddig Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Alarm cues and alarmed conspecifics: Neural activity during social learning from different cues in Trinidadian guppies
<p>Learning to respond appropriately to novel dangers is often essential to survival and success, but carries risks. Learning about novel threats from others (social learning) can reduce these risks. Many species, including the Trinidadian guppy (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>), respond defensively to both conspecific chemical alarm cues and conspecifix anti-predator behaviours, and in other fish such social information can lead to a learned aversion to novel threats. However, relatively little is known about the neural substrates underlying social learning and the degree to which different forms of learning share similar neural mechanisms. Here, we explored the neural substrates mediating social learning of novel threats from two different conspecific cues (i.e. social cue-based threat learning). We first demonstrated that guppies rapidly learn about threats paired with either alarm cues or with conspecific threat responses (demonstration). Then, focusing on acquisition rather than recall, we discovered that phospho-S6 expression, a marker of neural activity, was elevated in guppies during learning from alarm cues in the putative homologue of the mammalian lateral septum and the preoptic area. Surprisingly, these changes in neural activity were not observed in fish learning from conspecific demonstration. Together, these results implicate forebrain areas in social learning about threat but raise the possibility that circuits contribute to such learning in a stimulus-specific manner.</p>
Alarm
This item was 3D scanned using a Creaform Go Scan 50. For more information about this object, feel free to visit: https://www.visitindy.com/indianapolis-firefighters-museum-historical-society For more information about the 3D Digitization Program at IUPUI visit: https://www.ulib.iupui.edu/digitalscholarship/3ddig Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fig. 1 in Case of alarm vocalization in a colony of Microtus guentheri (Danford & Alston, 1880) (Mammalia, Rodentia, Arvicolidae) from Southern Bulgaria
Fig. 1. Spectrogram of the alarm whilst of Guenter's vole Microtus guentheri.
Data and code for "Decoding the chaffinch "rain" call: a specialized alarm signal for nest predation"
<p>Summary of the project : <br>The chaffinch *Fringilla coelebs* is a very common passerine in Europe. One of the chaffinche's vocalisations, called "rain-call", is very common and conspicuous, however, it's function is still not well understood. Three hypotheses have been postulated as to what chaffinches rain-call are for: (1) the rain-call could be used in territorial context by males as a substitute for the song when the bird is in stressful conditions, (2) the rain-call is an alarm call, and (3) the rain-call is a mate-directed signal for communication within the pair. We tested these three hypotheses using two playbacks and behavioural observations in the wild. <br>- In the first playback, we broadcasted rain-calls, chaffinch songs and the song of balckbirds as a control. We measured if chaffinch males reacted to rain-calls similarely to a simulated territorial intrusion. <br>- In the second playback, we simulated the presence of predators (hawk and crows, compared to a balckbird's song as a control) and observed if chaffinches started rain-calling. <br>- Third, we closely followed five chaffinch males in the field, and took good note of the social and environemental context of rain-calling behaviour. <br>We find that chaffinches did not react to rain-calls with the same agresive response than to territorial intrusion, wich does not support the hypothesis of a song substitute. We found that chaffinches started rain-calling consistently when we broadcasted predator calls, as well as when we saw real predators, which supports teh alarm call hypothesis. Finaly, we found that male chaffinches reain-called much more often when a femal chaffinch was around, which might hint that females are intended recievers of the rain-call alarm. <br>We provide here the complete dataset for all thre experiment as well as the R code used to run statistical analyses. Variables and software versions are described further.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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