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FIGURE 7 in Revised morphology of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi Kellner & Campos, 2002 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) and its phylogenetic relationships

FIGURE 7. Right pubis of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi (DGM 859-R) in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C) and medial (D) views. Abbreviations: dpf, distal pubic foot. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Revised morphology of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi Kellner & Campos, 2002 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) and its phylogenetic relationships

FIGURE 3. Four anterior caudal centra of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi (DGM 859-R) in left lateral (A1-D1), anterior (A2-D2) and posterior (A3-D3) views. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 10 in Revised morphology of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi Kellner & Campos, 2002 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) and its phylogenetic relationships

FIGURE 10. Right fibula of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi (DGM 859-R) in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C) and medial (D) views. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Revised morphology of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi Kellner & Campos, 2002 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) and its phylogenetic relationships

FIGURE 6. Smallest isolated transverse process of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi (DGM 859-R) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Revised morphology of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi Kellner & Campos, 2002 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) and its phylogenetic relationships

FIGURE 5. Medium-sized isolated transverse process of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi (DGM 859-R) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Revised morphology of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi Kellner & Campos, 2002 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) and its phylogenetic relationships

FIGURE 4. Largest isolated transverse process of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi (DGM 859-R) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 12 in Revised morphology of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi Kellner & Campos, 2002 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) and its phylogenetic relationships

FIGURE 12. Cladogram based on modified dataset of Filippi et al. (2016). The topology represents the strict consensus of all the 125 recovered MPCs with a length of 851 steps (CI.: 0.61; R.I.: 0.744). Numbers at the branches represent Bremer support. All analyses were performed using TNT (Goloboff et al., 2008). Abbreviation: Majun., Majungasaurinae.

FIGURE 2 in Revised morphology of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi Kellner & Campos, 2002 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) and its phylogenetic relationships

FIGURE 2. Anterior and less complete caudal vertebra of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi (DGM 859-R) in anterior (A), left lateral (B), posterior (C), right lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. hyf, hyposphene; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; poz, postzygapophysis; tp, tranverse process Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 11 in Revised morphology of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi Kellner & Campos, 2002 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) and its phylogenetic relationships

FIGURE 11. Parecis taxa elements undescribed by Kellner & Campos (2002), and identified here as an isolated neural spine belonging to a sauropod dinosaur in right lateral view (A); a distal caudal centrum belonging to a sauropod dinosaur in left lateral view (B) and an isolated transverse process of an unidentified taxon in dorsal view (C). Although labelled as DGM 859 R, they are not belonging to the holotype of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 9 in Revised morphology of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi Kellner & Campos, 2002 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) and its phylogenetic relationships

FIGURE 9. Distal end of the tibia of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi (DGM 859-R) in anterior view. The ellipse shows the scar of ascending process of the astragalus. Without scale bar.

FIGURE 1 in Revised morphology of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi Kellner & Campos, 2002 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) and its phylogenetic relationships

FIGURE 1. Anterior and most complete caudal vertebra of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi (DGM 859-R) in anterior (A), posterior (B), right lateral (C), dorsal (D) and left lateral (E) views. Abbreviations: hyf, hyposphene; hyp, hypanthrum; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; tp, tranverse process. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Revised morphology of Pycnonemosaurus nevesi Kellner & Campos, 2002 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) and its phylogenetic relationships

FIGURE 8. Right tibia from Pycnonemosaurus nevesi (DGM 859-R) in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), medial (D), dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views. Abbreviations: cn, cnemial crest; fcr, fibular crest; lct, lateral condyle; lf, lateral fossa; lm, lateral malleolus; mm, medial malleolus. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

FIGURE A7 in Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth

FIGURE A7. Strict consensus cladogram of 10 most parsimonious trees recovered from analysis of dentition based characters, with each nodes numbered (see the list of synapomorphies for each clades below). Initial analysis was a New Technology Search using TNT v.1.1 of a data matrix comprising 141 dentition-based characters for one outgroup (Eoraptor lunensis) and 59 nonavian theropod taxa. Tree length = 681 steps; CI = 0.338; RI = 0.56.

FIGURE 7 in Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth

FIGURE 7. Plots of MAVG versus DAVG of ML 962, ML 327, ML 966 and 19 theropod taxa comprising the data set. For reasons of clarity, only taxa with serration of less than 20 denticles were considered.

FIGURE 4 in Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth

FIGURE 4. Isolated tooth (ML 966) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and linguo-distal (H) views. Mid-crown denticles of the distal carina in lingual view (E, I). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; mun, marginal undulation; tun, transversal undulation.

FIGURE 3 in Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth

FIGURE 3. Isolated tooth (ML 327) of an Abelisauridae in lingual (A), mesial (B), labial (C), distal (D), apical (F), basal (G) and mesio-lingual (H) and labio-distal views. Apical denticles of the distal carina in labial view (E). Abbreviations: dca, distal carina; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; idsp, interdenticular space; lgr, longitudinal groove; mca, mesial carina; tun, transversal undulation; wfa, wear facet.

FIGURE 1 in Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth

FIGURE 1. Strict consensus cladogram of seven most parsimonious trees recovered from analysis of dentition based characters. Initial analysis was a New Technology Search using TNT v.1.1 of a data matrix comprising 141 dentition-based characters for one outgroup (Eoraptor), 59 nonavian theropod taxa, as well as ML 327, ML 939, ML 962 and ML 966. Tree length = 703 steps; CI = 0.331; RI = 0.564. Bremer support values are in bold and bootstrap values are in italic. For silhouette attribution, see Appendix.

FIGURE A4 in Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth

FIGURE A4. States of crown structure-based characters. A. Isolated teeth of Baryonyx walkeri (A1, NHM R9951) and Suchomimus tenerensis (A2, MNN G48-9) in lateral view displaying less than ten flutes (char. 108:1) present on both labial and lingual side of the crown (char. 107:2) in those taxa. B. First and second left dentary teeth of Ceratosaurus nasicornis (formerly C. dentisulcatus; UMNH VP 5278 = UUVP 158) in lingual view showing the weak recurvature of these mesialmost crowns (char. 39:1), the untwisted mesial carina (char. 46:0) facing mesio-labially (char. 47:1) and terminating well-above the toothcervix (char. 50:0), and the fluted crown, only present on the lingual side of the tooth (char. 59:1). C. Isolated mesialmost tooth of Masiakasaurus knopfleri (FMNH PR 2696, small tooth) in mesio-lingual view displaying the twisted mesial carina (char. 46:1) extending to the tooth cervix (char. 50:1), as well as the flutes present only on the lingual side of the tooth (char. 59:1). D. First right premaxillary tooth of Proceratosaurus bradleyi (NHM R 4860) in labial view displaying the short longitudinal furrows/striations present at the base of the crown (char. 62:1) and the braided enamel surface texture of the crown (char. 117:1). E. Tenth left maxillary tooth of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (PVSJ 407) in lateral view showing the longitudinal furrows/striations present at the base of the crown (char. 62:1; also present on the mesialmost teeth of H. ischigualastensis = Ischisaurus cattoi, MACN 18.060), and the irregular/non-oriented enamel surface texture of the crown (char. 117:0). F. First right premaxillary tooth of Velociraptor mongoliensis (AMNH 6515) in labial view showing the flutes present on the labial side of the crows (char. 59:3). G. Fifth left maxillary tooth of Bambiraptor feinbergi (AMNH 30556) in labial view displaying the wide mesiodistally concave area on the basal part of the crown extending along two-thirds of the crown (char. 73:2) and giving the 8-shaped cross-section of the base crown (char. 72:3), and the two elongated, longitudinal and rounded ridges present on the lingual side of the crown as well (char. 116:2). H. Third right premaxillary tooth of Raptorex kriegsteini (LH PV18) in lingual view showing the two concave areas on the lingual side of the crown and adjacent to both carinae (char. 42:2) and the central and longitudinal ridge on the crown (char. 61:1). I. Sixth and eight left maxillary teeth of Allosaurus fragilis (UMNH VP 5393) in medial view displaying the deep and well delimited unerupted tooth fossa (char. 140:0) and the wide mesiodistally concave area on the basal part of the crown and present on the lingual side of the tooth, giving the bean-shape cross-section of the base crown (char. 72:2) in this specimen (photo courtesy shared by Stephen Brusatte). J. Enamel texture of the sixth right maxillary crown of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (FMNH PR 2278) in lateral view showing the irregular non-oriented enamel surface texture (char. 117:0). K. Enamel texture of the second right maxillary tooth of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis (NCSM 14345) in lateral view showing the regular, oriented braided enamel surface texture of the crown (char. 117:1). L. Enamel texture of an isolated tooth of Baryonyx walkeri (NHM R9951) in lateral view showing the deeply veined enamel surface texture of the crown (char. 117:2), strongly curved basally close to the carina (char. 118:1).

FIGURE 10 in Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth

FIGURE 10. Isolated tooth (ML 939) of Richardoestesia aff. R. gilmorei in lingual (A), distal (B), labial (C), mesial (D), apical (F) and basal (G) views. Mid-crown denticles of the distal carina in labial (E, I) views, and enamel texture in lingual (H) view. Abbreviations: cs, concave surface; dca, distal carina; ent, enamel texture; esp, enamel spalling; ids, interdenticular sulcus; lad, labial depression; lgr, longitudinal groove.

FIGURE A9a in Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth

FIGURE A9a. Strict consensus cladogram of six most parsimonious trees recovered from the analysis of a supermatrix including a dentition-based datamatrix and six recent datasets based on whole theropod skeleton (i.e., Xu et al. 2009; Brusatte et al. 2010; Martinez et al. 2011; Senter 2011; Pol and Rauhut 2012; Carrano et al. 2012). The consensus tree was obtained after the deletion of the wildcard taxa Erectopus and Piatnitzkysaurus. Initial analysis was a Ratchet (Island Hopper) analysis using WinClada 1.00.08 of a supermatrix comprising 1972 characters for one outgroup (Eoraptor) and 57 non-avian theropod taxa. Tree length = 3507 steps; CI = 0.57; RI = 0.64. The same topology was obtained with TNT v.1.1 with a New Technology Search that yielded four MPTs (Tree length = 3529 steps; CI = 0.575; RI = 0.642). The unambiguous and ambiguous dentition based synapomorphies are represented by black and white circles, respectively, and the character number and character state associated with each synapomorphy are above and below the circles, respectively.