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42 results for “Aboveground Carbon”
Dataset on tree diversity metrics and aboveground carbon storage in Southeastern U.S. oak-pine forests, 2009–2019
This dataset contains measurements of tree structural and taxonomic diversity, stand attributes, and aboveground carbon storage from mixed oak-pine forests in Florida, Georgia, and Alabama, located in the southeastern United States. Data were collected from 946 mixed oak-pine, and 7224 longleaf-slash pine and oak-pine Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots respectively spanning the years 2009 to 2019. Variables include aboveground carbon, aboveground biomass, tree density, basal area, stand age, and diversity metrics such as Shannon indices for tree species and diameter-based structural classes. Functional diversity metrics—including functional dominance and functional divergence—are also included. These data were used to support a published study examining the interactive effects of diversity metrics on carbon storage using structural equation modeling. The geographic coverage represents humid subtropical forest regions of the southeastern U.S.
Modeling Impacts of Hurricanes on Current Aboveground Forest Carbon in New England 2020-2120
Nature-based climate solutions are championed as a primary tool to mitigate climate change, especially in forested regions capable of storing and sequestering vast amounts of carbon. New England is one of the most heavily forested regions in the United States (over 75% forested by land area), and forest carbon is a significant component of regional climate mitigation strategies. Large infrequent disturbances, such as hurricanes, are a major source of uncertainty and risk for policies that rely on forest carbon for climate mitigation, especially as climate change is projected to alter the intensity and geographic extent of hurricanes. To date, most research into disturbance impacts on forest carbon stocks has focused on fire. Here we show that a single hurricane in the region can down between 121-250 MMTCO2e or 4.6-9.4% of the total aboveground forest carbon, much greater than the carbon sequestered annually by New England’s forests (16 MMTCO2e yr-1). However, the emissions from the storms are not instantaneous; it takes approximately 19 years for the downed carbon to become a net emission, and 100 years for 90% of the downed carbon to be emitted. Using the HURRECON and EXPOS models to reconstruct hurricanes across a range of historical and projected wind speeds, we find that an 8% and 16% increase in hurricane wind speeds leads to a 10.7 and 24.8 fold increase in the extent of high-severity damaged areas (widespread tree mortality). Increased wind speed also leads to unprecedented geographical shifts in damage; both inland and northward into heavily forested regions traditionally unaffected by hurricanes. Given that a single hurricane can emit the equivalent of 10+ years of carbon sequestered by forests in New England, the status of these forests as a durable carbon sink is uncertain. Understanding the risks to forest carbon stocks from large infrequent disturbances is necessary for decision-makers relying on forests as a nature-based climate solution. This data set
Soil nitrogen availability and acidity: effects on aboveground production and belowground carbon allocation in mid- and late-successional mixed temperate forests (2009-2021)
In 2011, an experimental nitrogen x pH manipulation study was initiated in mid- and late-successional mixed temperate forests in central New York, USA to disentangle the often-confounded roles of nitrogen (N) and soil pH in driving various ecosystem processes. This data package contains forest productivity (wood, litterfall, and aboveground net primary production), total belowground carbon flux (TBCF), and leaf litterfall and fine root chemistry (C and N concentration) data collected from all experimental plots. It also includes plot-level, species-weighted estimates of measured and modeled photosynthesis (Anet) for the late-successional stands. Wood production, litterfall production, and litterfall chemistry data were collected between 2009 and 2019. Aboveground net primary production data are reported for a pre-treatment interval (2009-2011) and the interval including years 6-9 of experimental treatment (2016-2019). All other properties were measured between years 9 and 11 of the experiment (2019-2021).
Factors Influencing Aboveground Carbon Storage in Mixed Oak-Pine Forests: USDA FIA Data from Southeastern U.S. (2009-2019)
This study explores factors affecting aboveground carbon (AGC) storage in mixed oak-pine forests across the Southeastern United States. Utilizing USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data from 2009 to 2019, the research spans nine states: Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Louisiana, and Virginia. Data processing in R included converting units to the metric system and calculating structural diversity using Shannon diversity indices. Climate data from the PRISM Climate Group were integrated with FIA data using longitude and latitude. The research aims to uncover how various factors influence AGC storage and contribute to informed forest management practices.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating and Drying Research (DryPEHR): Peak growing season aboveground biomass 2011-2017. (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/502/16. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This drying and warming experiment addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem drying, warming and permafrost thaw cause a net release or uptake of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss? 3) How do drying and warmign affect plant communities and ecosystem properties? We are answering these questions using a combined warming and drying experiment (DryPEHR), which is situated with the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project and located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Warming treatment here refers to growing season air temperature warming (~1C) using open top chambers (OTC) combined with soil 'warming' using snow fences during the snow covered months. Drying is achieve using an automated pumping system that lowers the water table in the dry plots. Soil warming began in 2008; OTCs and drying in 2011. Above ground plant biomass was surveyed non-destructively using a point-intercept method for all vascular and moss species at peak growing season.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): Aboveground plant biomass, 2009-2017. (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/501/17. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. This data set includes aboveground plant biomass from winter warming, summer warming, and control treatment plots at CiPEHR.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating and Drying Research (DryPEHR): Peak growing season aboveground biomass 2011-2017. (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/264/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/502/16. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This drying and warming experiment addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem drying, warming and permafrost thaw cause a net release or uptake of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss? 3) How do drying and warmign affect plant communities and ecosystem properties? We are answering these questions using a combined warming and drying experiment (DryPEHR), which is situated with the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project and located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Warming treatment here refers to growing season air temperature warming (~1C) using open top chambers (OTC) combined with soil 'warming' using snow fences during the snow covered months. Drying is achieve using an automated pumping system that lowers the water table in the dry plots. Soil warming began in 2008; OTCs and drying in 2011. Above ground plant biomass was surveyed non-destructively using a point-intercept method for all vascular and moss species at peak growing season.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): Aboveground plant biomass, 2009-2017, 2021
The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. This data set includes aboveground plant biomass from winter warming, summer warming, and control treatment plots at CiPEHR.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): Aboveground plant biomass, 2009-2017. (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/275/6, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/501/17. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. This data set includes aboveground plant biomass from winter warming, summer warming, and control treatment plots at CiPEHR.
Aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Old-Field Chronosequence: Plant Productivity
The goal of this research is to study the change in plant growth and species distribution during succession. Annual plant growth above ground is annually sampled in more than 20 fields from 4 permanently marked 3m x 4m plots in each field. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. The fields included in this study are 4, 5, 10, 24, 26, 28, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 70, 72, 77 and the Lawrence strip that was abandoned in 1988. This experiment was started in 1987 by lead investigators David Tilman and Johannes Knops. In 2001 new sampling was started in positions similar to the E054 plots in these E014 fields: 21, 27, 32, 40, 44, 47, 76. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that the burned half will continue succession to prairie grassland while the unburned half will become white pine stands if seed sources are nearby, or will otherwise undergo extremely slow succession to oaks.
Data and code for "Relationships between aboveground plant traits and carbon cycling in tundra plant communities"
<p><strong>Paper</strong></p> <p>See the preprint for more detailed description of the performend analyses <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/865899">here.</a></p> <p><strong>Description of subdirectories</strong></p> <p>The structure of this repository loosely follows that recommended by <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005510">Wilson et al. 2017</a>.</p> <p><em>docs</em></p> <p>Contains data documentation and metadata.</p> <p><em>data</em></p> <p>Holds raw, unedited data</p> <p><em>src</em></p> <p>Contains analysis scripts. The src/new_analyses.R script generates all the figures for this project. The other scripts prepare the data for analysis, and must be run before src/new_analyses.R</p> <p><em>results</em></p> <p>Contains all analysis results, cleaned, analysis-ready data, figures, etc. Some of the figures (such as measurement schematics) have been generated by hand, and are thus not linked to any scripts.</p>
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating and Drying Research (DryPEHR): Peak growing season aboveground biomass 2011-2017.
This drying and warming experiment addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem drying, warming and permafrost thaw cause a net release or uptake of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss? 3) How do drying and warmign affect plant communities and ecosystem properties? We are answering these questions using a combined warming and drying experiment (DryPEHR), which is situated with the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project and located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Warming treatment here refers to growing season air temperature warming (~1C) using open top chambers (OTC) combined with soil 'warming' using snow fences during the snow covered months. Drying is achieve using an automated pumping system that lowers the water table in the dry plots. Soil warming began in 2008; OTCs and drying in 2011. Above ground plant biomass was surveyed non-destructively using a point-intercept method for all vascular and moss species at peak growing season.
Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: BioCON : Biodiversity, Elevated CO2, and N Enrichment
BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen) is an ecological experiment started in 1997 at the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve. BioCON's goal is to explore the ways in which plant communities will respond to three environmental changes that are known to be occurring on a global scale: increasing nitrogen deposition, increasing atmospheric CO2, and decreasing biodiversity. Why Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen? While there are many uncertainties in global change biology, there are also some well documented facts. Some of these are: 1. The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is rising. Since the industrial revolution, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased from approximately 275 parts per million (ppm) to about 378 ppm today. This has been largely the result of fossil fuel burning. It is expected that CO2 levels will continue to rise, and that by the year 2050 these levels will be approximately 550 ppm. CO2 is the raw material for photosynthesis and is known to affect plant growth and development. 2. The amount of nitrogen moving through terrestrial ecosystems has increased in the recent past. While natural "background" levels of nitrogen fixation have remained constant, human additions to the system through fertilizer production and fossil fuel use have increased dramatically. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for plant growth and plays a critical role in plant community structure and composition in many environments. 3. Biodiversity levels are falling. While the research and data are not as complete as they are for CO2 and nitrogen, data indicate that the number of species globally, is being reduced. Perhaps more important for ecosystem function, diversity levels on local to regional scales have fallen due to land use change, biotic invasion and many other drivers. While much is known about how each of these factors affects ecosystem functioning, many questions remain. There is also little data on how these issues affe
Context-dependent effects of deer on aboveground carbon stocks in the regenerative tree layer in temperate and boreal forests: a meta-analysis
<p>Herbivores, including deer (Cervidae), influence ecosystem functions and carbon cycling by affecting vegetation structure and composition. Given the increase in deer populations in Europe and North America, there is growing interest in their impact on carbon dynamics in temperate and boreal forests. We investigated the effects of deer on carbon stored in the seedling and sapling layer through two mechanisms: (1) deer affecting the overall aboveground woody biomass in these strata and (2) deer changing the composition of tree species in these strata, because species differ in wood density and carbon content. We performed a meta-analysis of 17 datasets from 12 studies, assessing the effects of deer exclusion on aboveground carbon stocks within the seedling and sapling layer (≤3m) under two scenarios of carbon calculation, where we used either: (1) species-specific carbon content and wood density values (mean scenario) and (2) generic carbon content and wood density values (neutral scenario). Our results show that including species-specific wood density values in calculations had a minimal effect on the estimated impact of deer exclusion on carbon stocks compared to generic values, but that there was insufficient data on species-specific carbon content to determine its importance in calculating aboveground carbon stocks. Our results show that preventing deer herbivory did not have a consistent positive effect on aboveground carbon stocks in the regenerating forest layer, except in sites dominated by conifer saplings and boreal sites. Instead, the among-case variability in effects suggests a complex interaction between the impact of deer browsing and forest carbon. Understanding these interactions is vital to assess wildlife-carbon relations and to develop appropriate forest conservation approaches in response to growing deer populations.</p>
Dataset for: Aboveground carbon stocks, woody and litter productivity along an elevational gradient in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Montane forests are characterized by high</span><span> biodiversity</span><span>, endemism and strong </span><span>elevational environmental gradients</span><span>. The latter attribute makes them also suitable as a 'natural laboratory' for studying the effects of environmental parameters on ecosystem functions. To provide better insight into the carbon cycle of Afromontane ecosystems, we used an elevational gradient approach to quantify carbon stocks, woody and litter productivity, and their constraining factors. Twenty plots were established, covering five elevations from Kibale Forest at 1250 m to 3000 m in the Rwenzori Mountains. Results revealed aboveground carbon stocks of between </span><span>185.4 <span>± 48.9 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup></span></span><span> and </span><span>70.8 ±18.6</span><span> </span><span>Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup></span><span> at 1250-1300 m and 2700-3000 m respectively</span><span>. Aboveground</span><span> carbon tended to decrease with elevation, but this trend was not significant.<span> This was due to similarities in stem diameter combined with different effects of tree height and stem density. Similarly, woody productivity did not change with elevation, ranging from </span></span><span>8.3 ± 4.1 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> to 3.4 ± 1.5 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> at 2500-2600 m and 2700-3000 m respectively. </span><span>However, litter productivity decreased linearly by </span><span>0.14 ± 0.04 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> per 100 m of elevation increase</span><span>, ranging from </span><span>4.0 ± 0.7 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1 </sup>at 1750-1850 m to 1.2 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1 </sup>at 2700-3000 m. Topsoil physicochemical properties varied with elevation, but showed no significant relationship with carbon stocks and woody productivity. </span><span>However, <span>litter productivity </span>increased with mean soil temperature, whereas it decreased with soil total nitrogen.</span></p>
Size-dependent intraspecific variation in wood traits has little impact on aboveground carbon estimates in a tropical forest landscape
<p>There is increasing evidence that intraspecific trait variation plays a role in governing rates of ecosystem functioning. While wood traits such as wood specific gravity (WSG) and wood carbon concentration (WCC) are key drivers of forest aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks, the sources of intraspecific variation in these wood traits and the consequences of this variation on AGC are poorly known, especially in the tropics.</p> <p>Here, we investigated intraspecific variation in wood specific gravity (WSG) and wood carbon concentration (WCC) from 556 individual trees belonging to 15 species that well characterize different successional stages of seasonal evergreen forests in Southeast Asia. Specifically, we tested the contribution of individual or species characteristics (tree size, growth rate and regeneration guilds) and local environmental conditions (topographic wetness index and successional stages) to intraspecific variation in WSG and WCC, and assessed the consequences of intraspecific variation in these wood traits on AGC estimates in 14 permanent forest plots established along a successional gradient in Khao Yai National park, Thailand.</p> <p>We found that tree size was the main driver of intraspecific variation in WSG and WCC as tree sizes increased from 10−100 cm in diameter, WSG increased by 7.3%, while WCC increased by 2.4% in heartwood, 1.6% and 2.7% in sapwood without and with volatile carbon included. There was no effect of the topographic wetness and other local environment condition in wood traits led to a slight overestimation of AGC in young secondary forests (+0.09 to +1.29%) and a small underestimation in older forests (-0.86 to -2.87%), but overall AGC estimates (13 of 14 forest plots) remained within error margins (the 95% interval).</p> <p>Our study provides evidence that tree size variation translates into intraspecific variability in wood traits, whereas local environmental conditions related to topography successional stages had no effect on wood trait variability. While size-dependent variation in WSG and WCC have largely been undocumented and thus ignored in forest carbon assessment approaches, we highlight that it has a limited impact on AGC estimates, indicating that it does not invalidate current forest carbon stock estimation approaches. </p>
Carbon, nitrogen and tracer 15N recovered in aboveground oak tissues in central coastal Florida
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Dataset for: Aboveground carbon stocks, woody and litter productivity along an elevational gradient in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda
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Size-dependent intraspecific variation in wood traits has little impact on aboveground carbon estimates in a tropical forest landscape
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Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Tree Competition Garden
This experiment was set up adjacent to E055 in the high disturbance, garden area. 1.75 inches of black soil was added to the CCNHA sandy soil to make four 10 feet x 54 feet plots. The soil was rototilled and aluminum flashing was installed to edge the plots and divide them into 48, 5 feet x 9 feet plots. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 and K2O are added to the plots each year in early May and late June. For a describtion of fertilizer added, see fertilization details. Seeds were planted with 6 replicates of each of the following treatments: 1. Agropyron repens monoculture 2. Schizachyrium scoparium monoculture 3. Pinus strobus monoculture 4. Quercus ellipsoidalis monoculture 5. Agropyron repens + Quercus ellipsoidalis on half 6. Agropyron repens + Pinus strobus on half 7. Schizachyrium scoparium + Quercus ellipsoidalis on half 8. Schizachyrium scoparium + Pinus strobus on half The competition plots were split, with half invaded by seed and half to be invaded by seedling. For treatments 5-8, the right or left sides were chosen at random, to plant the tree seeds. The plots were watered throughout the growing season to keep water from becoming a limiting resource.
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