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Fig 9 in Bridging the gap: A new species of arboreal Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

Fig 9. Habitat of Abronia cunemica sp. nov. near Coapilla, Chiapas, Mexico. (A) Live and dead Pinus chiapensis trees in a cattle pasture, (B) intact Pinus- Quercus forest, (C) microhabitat of Quercus spp. trees laden with epiphytes. Photographs taken by Adam G. Clause on 19 February 2022 (A) and 14 August 2021 (B–C). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295230.g009

Fig 8 in Bridging the gap: A new species of arboreal Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

Fig 8. Geographic distribution of Abronia cunemica sp. nov. and nearby arboreal congeners in Chiapas and Oaxaca, Mexico. Inset photographs show characteristic differences in adult dorsal head color between A. cunemica sp. nov. (pale yellow, with dark markings distinct) and the closely related A. morenica (pale gray/tan, with dark markings absent or faint). The holotypes (adult males) of both species are shown; photograph of A. cunemica sp. nov. intentionally mirrored horizontally. Photographs by Adam G. Clause. Map layers courtesy of Natural Earth (public domain). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295230.g008

Fig 1 in Bridging the gap: A new species of arboreal Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

Fig 1. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus Abronia based on 3425 RADseq loci. Numbers on branches are bootstrap values. B. = Barisia; E. = Elgaria; G. = Gerrhonotus. Species group names (I–VIII) follow the most recent molecular phylogenetic hypothesis of Abronia [38]. Color boxes indicate morphology-based taxonomic assignments [39]: subgenus Abronia (turquoise), subgenus Scopaeabronia (violet), subgenus Auriculabronia (blue), subgenera Abaculabronia plus Lissabronia (pale green), and former genus Mesaspis (pale orange). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295230.g001

Fig 2 in Bridging the gap: A new species of arboreal Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

Fig 2. Cross-validation results of conStruct analysis comparing the spatial and nonspatial conStruct models (in blue and green, respectively) run with K 1 through 4. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295230.g002

Fig 5 in Bridging the gap: A new species of arboreal Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

Fig 5. Holotype of Abronia cunemica sp. nov. from Coapilla, Chiapas, Mexico (MZFC-HE 36544, 29 mm head length). Dorsal view (top), left lateral view (middle), and ventral view (bottom) of head in preservative. All scale bars = 10 mm. Photographs by Israel Solano-Zavaleta. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295230.g005

Fig 4 in Bridging the gap: A new species of arboreal Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

Fig 4. Results of species delimitation in the (A. ornelasi (A. morenica, presumed new species)) clade applying the heuristic index gdi to parameter estimates from BPP. The dotted lines correspond to gdi = 0.2 and 0.7. Horizontal lines represent means and boxes 95% confidence intervals around means. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295230.g004

Fig 3 in Bridging the gap: A new species of arboreal Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

Fig 3. Results of conStruct analysis using K = 3 for the spatial model showing layer contributions. Samples from left to right: presumed new species (first two samples), A. morenica (next three samples), and A. ornelasi.

Fig 6 in Bridging the gap: A new species of arboreal Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

Fig 6. Color variation in life of type series of Abronia cunemica sp. nov. from Coapilla, Chiapas, Mexico. (A) Adult male holotype, MZFC-HE 36544, 127 mm snout-to-vent length (SVL); (B) adult female paratype, MZFC-HE 36545, 113 mm SVL; (C) adult female paratype, MZFZ 4514 (AGC 1492), 110 mm SVL; (D) adult female paratype, MZFZ 4513 (AGC 1491), 107 mm SVL; (E) juvenile male paratype, MZFZ 4512 (AGC 1484), 91 mm SVL. Photographs by Emmanuel Javier-Vázquez. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295230.g006

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Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. (BR0000012131112)

Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.

Figure 2 in A strikingly ornamented fossil alligator lizard (Squamata: Abronia) from the Miocene of California

Figure 2. Holotype of Abronia cuyama sp. nov. UCMP 54560. Images on the left are of the physical specimen and those on the right are digital renderings; B, D and F are volume renderings, whereas H and I are surface renderings. A, B, skull in right lateral view. C, D, skull in left lateral view. E, F, skull in dorsal view. G, quadrate, squamosal and osteoderms from mudstone block in posterior view. H, I, segmented quadrate, squamosal and osteoderms dorsal to the quadrate in posterior and anterior view, respectively. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: am.s, anteromedial surface; co, conch; De, dentary; fn, frontonasal; f.pr, facial process; fp, frontoparietal; Fr, frontal; Ju, jugal; k, keel; La, lacrimal; m.so, median supraocular; Me.gr, Meckelian groove; Mx, maxilla; or.pr, orbital process; p.in, posterior internasal; Pp, palpebral; prf, prefrontal; pt.lm, pterygoid lamina; Px, premaxilla; px.pr, premaxillary process; Qu, quadrate; Smx, septomaxilla; Sq, squamosal; ty.cr, tympanic crest.

Figure 4 in A strikingly ornamented fossil alligator lizard (Squamata: Abronia) from the Miocene of California

Figure 4. Comparison of Abronia cuyama sp. nov. and skulls of extant gerrhonotines, in anterior view. A, Abronia cuyama sp. nov. UCMP 54560. B, Abronia graminea UTA 38831. C, Elgaria multicarinata TNHC 35666. D, Barisia leƲicollis MVZ 68783. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 1. A, geographical context. B in A strikingly ornamented fossil alligator lizard (Squamata: Abronia) from the Miocene of California

Figure 1. A, geographical context. B, local Oligocene and Miocene sedimentary units. In A, distribution data for Abronia are from GBIF.org (2021). Distribution data were filtered manually to remove selected outliers using the study by GutiérrezRodríguez et al. (2021) as a reference. Grey shading in A indicates elevation (i.e. mountainous areas). Geological data in B are based on the studies by Hoyt et al. (2018) and Jennings (2010). The location of the UCMP V-5847 fossiliferous site was obtained from the study by James (1963).

Figure 5 in A strikingly ornamented fossil alligator lizard (Squamata: Abronia) from the Miocene of California

Figure 5. Phylogenetic position of Abronia cuyama sp. nov. among alligator lizards in Bayesian inference analyses. A, partially constrained tree. B, fully constrained tree. Outgroups are removed for clarity, and other gerrhonotine genera or species are condensed to single terminals. Black circles indicate nodes with posterior probability> 0.95.

FIG. 4 in A New Species of Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Sierra de Zongolica of Veracruz, Mexico

FIG. 4. Head comparison of adult Abronia zongolica and Abronia graminea, illustrating differences in (1) circumorbital area color, (2) upper and lower jaw color pattern, and (3) presence/absence of well-developed oblique row of enlarged lateral neck scales. Locality and voucher information for each image is as follows, listed from top-to-bottom. Abronia zongolica: Teopantzacoalco (paratype, MZFC-HE 35665), Ayahuatulco (holotype, MZFC-HE 35664), Huapango (referred specimen, MZFZ-IMG 310), Atiopa (paratype, MZFZ 4406), Huapango (referred specimen, MZFZ-IMG 311). Abronia graminea: El Sumidero (MZFC-HE 32991), Puerto del Aire (MZFZ-IMG 322), Acultzinapa (MZFZ-IMG 336), Puerto del Aire (Clause et al., 2016: fig. 2), Puerto del Aire (MZFZ-IMG 338). All photos taken within 1 month of capture. From top, first and third images of A. zongolica and fifth image of A. graminea intentionally mirrored horizontally. Photos by Miguel Ángel de la Torre-Loranca, Adam G. Clause, and Antonio Esaú Valdenegro- Brito.

FIG. 3 in A New Species of Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Sierra de Zongolica of Veracruz, Mexico

FIG. 3. Abronia zongolica, new species, color variation in life (photos not to scale). (A) Adult male holotype (MZFC-HE 35664, snout–vent length [SVL] 112 mm); (B) adult male paratype (MZFC-HE 35665, SVL 95.8 mm); (C) adult female paratype (MZFZ 4406, SVL 86.6 mm; image intentionally mirrored horizontally); (D) neonate paratype (MZFZ 4407, SVL 45.6 mm). Photos by Miguel Ángel de la Torre-Loranca and Antonio Esaú Valdenegro- Brito.

FIG. 2 in A New Species of Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Sierra de Zongolica of Veracruz, Mexico

FIG. 2. Abronia zongolica, new species, head of holotype (MZFC-HE 35664, head width 25.2 mm) in dorsal view (top), right lateral view (middle; image intentionally mirrored horizontally) and ventral view (bottom), in preservative. Scale bars represent 10 mm.

FIG. 1 in A New Species of Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Sierra de Zongolica of Veracruz, Mexico

FIG. 1. Maximum-likelihood consensus tree based on 2,994 loci. Color boxes indicate taxonomic assignments sensu Campbell and Frost (1993): subgenus Abronia (turquoise), subgenus Scopaeabronia (violet), subgenus Auriculabronia (bluish gray), or former genus Mesaspis (pale orange). Group names (I–VIII) indicate taxonomic assignments sensu Gutiérrez- Rodríguez et al. (2021). See Data Accessibility for tree file.

FIG. 5 in A New Species of Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Sierra de Zongolica of Veracruz, Mexico

FIG. 5. Geographic distribution of Abronia zongolica and proximate populations of the only known sympatric congener, A. graminea in Mexico. The star represents the type locality of A. zongolica. See Appendix 1 for locality information of mapped records of A. graminea.

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Fig 7 in Bridging the gap: A new species of arboreal Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

Fig 7. Color variation in preservative (ethanol after formalin) in dorsal and ventral view of type series of Abronia cunemica sp. nov. from Coapilla, Chiapas, Mexico. From left to right: adult male holotype, MZFC-HE 36544 (AGC 1428), 127 mm snout-to-vent length (SVL); adult female paratype, MZFC-HE 36545 (AGC 1429), 113 mm SVL; juvenile male paratype, MZFZ 4512 (AGC 1484), 91 mm SVL; adult female paratype, MZFZ 4513 (AGC 1491), 107 mm SVL; and adult female paratype, MZFZ 4514 (AGC 1492), 110 mm SVL. Photographs by Israel Solano-Zavaleta. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295230.g007

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FIG. 6 in A New Species of Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Sierra de Zongolica of Veracruz, Mexico

FIG. 6. Habitat of Abronia zongolica at the type locality in Veracruz, Mexico.