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46 results for “Abyssal Plain”
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group M3.3 Abyssal plains
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>M3.3 Abyssal plains</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Sampled and simulated benthic invertebrate body-mass data from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (4850 m, 48.83° N 16.50 °W, NE Atlantic)
<p>A dataset of sampled and simulated benthic invertebrate body-mass data from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (4850 m, 48.83° N 16.50 °W, NE Atlantic) has been produced. It includes data on macro- and megabenthos derived from a randomly sampled power law distribution, seabed core samples, large-scale seabed photography, and seabed trawls.</p>
Multi-channel seismic reflection profiles SALTFLU (Salt deformation and sub-salt fluid circulation in the Algero-Balearic abyssal plain) - Pre-Stack Kirchhoff Time & Depth Migration 2022
<p>This archive contains sections of reprocessed multi-channel seismic reflection profiles SALTFLU, acquired south of Ibiza (Spain) in 2012 with the OGS Explora (pre-stack Kirchhoff time and depth stacks, and migration velocities in SEG-Y format). It also contains the cruise report describing the survey acquisition in 2012. Connected articles describe the processing flow applied to this dataset and interpretations led by the first author. </p> <p>Field File Identification and Shot Numbers (FFID, SHOTNO) are linearly interpolated by matching the CMP numbers before and after migration. Bytes 73-76 and 77-80 are identical to bytes 181-184 and 185-188 and contain the CMP coordinates.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
FIG. 5 in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)
FIG. 5. — Incurrent siphonal opening of Xylophaga alexisi n. sp., SEM. Note absence of cirri. Scale bar: 30 µm.
FIG. 4 in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)
FIG. 4. — Excurrent siphonal opening of Xylophaga alexisi n. sp., SEM: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 10 µm; B, 100 µm.
FIG. 2. — A in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)
FIG. 2. — A, lateral view of an intact specimen of Xylophaga alexisi n. sp.; B, dorsal view of intact, larger specimen of X. alexisi n. sp. (note anteriorly directed mesoplax); C, dorsal view of smaller specimen of X. alexisi n. sp., mesoplax in erect stage, not readily seen from dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIG. 1. — A in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)
FIG. 1. — A, collection locality of Xylophaga alexisi n. sp. at 21°N, 30°W; R, collection locality of Xylophaga ricei Harvey, 1996 at 31°N, 20°W. (From Ryan et al. 2009, modified by Y. Lagabrielle.)
FIG. 6. — A, Xylophaga alexisi n in At the bottom of the deep blue sea: a new wood-boring bivalve (Mollusca, Pholadidae, Xylophaga) from the Cape Verde Abyssal Plain (subtropical Atlantic)
FIG. 6. — A, Xylophaga alexisi n. sp., lateral view to define "incomplete siphon" in which the excurrent siphon is considerably shorter than the incurrent siphon; B, Xylophaga pacifica Voight, 2009, lateral view to define "complete siphon", in which both siphonal openings are roughly equal in length. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Gravity core XRF data from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain
<p>X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) data from three gravity cores obtained during NOC expedition JC231 (2022) for the "Time-series studies at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory". These three gravity cores (GC050; GC073; GC076) were collected from different sites at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (AESA Hill; AESA North Plain; PAP Central respectively). </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Ship/Platform</td> <td>Cruise Identifier</td> <td>Sample Identifier</td> <td>Site</td> <td>Number of Sections</td> <td>Section Identifier</td> <td>Date Sample Collected</td> <td>Decimal Latitude</td> <td>Decimal Longitude</td> <td>Water Depth (m)</td> <td>Sampling Device</td> <td>Storage Method</td> <td>Core Length (cm)</td> <td>Core Diameter (cm)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RRS James Cook</td> <td>JC231</td> <td>GC050</td> <td>AESA Hill</td> <td>2</td> <td>Section 1</td> <td>09/05/2022</td> <td>48 59.103</td> <td>16 33.17</td> <td>4795</td> <td>Gravity core</td> <td>room temperature, dry (D)</td> <td>100</td> <td>6.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RRS James Cook</td> <td>JC231</td> <td>GC050</td> <td>AESA Hill</td> <td>2</td> <td>Section 2</td> <td>09/05/2022</td> <td>48 59.103</td> <td>16 33.17</td> <td>4795</td> <td>Gravity core</td> <td>room temperature, dry (D)</td> <td>50</td> <td>6.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RRS James Cook</td> <td>JC231</td> <td>GC073</td> <td>AESA North Plain</td> <td>3</td> <td>Section 1</td> <td>12/05/2022</td> <td>49 0.657</td> <td>16 33.221</td> <td>4846</td> <td>Gravity core</td> <td>room temperature, dry (D)</td> <td>100</td> <td>6.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RRS James Cook</td> <td>JC231</td> <td>GC073</td> <td>AESA North Plain</td> <td>3</td> <td>Section 2</td> <td>12/05/2022</td> <td>49 0.657</td> <td>16 33.221</td> <td>4846</td> <td>Gravity core</td> <td>room temperature, dry (D)</td> <td>100</td> <td>6.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RRS James Cook</td> <td>JC231</td> <td>GC073</td> <td>AESA North Plain</td> <td>3</td> <td>Section 3</td> <td>12/05/2022</td> <td>49 0.657</td> <td>16 33.221</td> <td>4846</td> <td>Gravity core</td> <td>room temperature, dry (D)</td> <td>100</td> <td>6.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RRS James Cook</td> <td>JC231</td> <td>GC076</td> <td>PAP Central </td> <td>3</td> <td>Section 1</td> <td>12/05/2022</td> <td>48 50.095</td> <td>16 31.331</td> <td>4843</td> <td>Gravity core</td> <td>room temperature, dry (D)</td> <td>100</td> <td>6.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RRS James Cook</td> <td>JC231</td> <td>GC076</td> <td>PAP Central </td> <td>3</td> <td>Section 2</td> <td>12/05/2022</td> <td>48 50.095</td> <td>16 31.331</td> <td>4843</td> <td>Gravity core</td> <td>room temperature, dry (D)</td> <td>100</td> <td>6.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RRS James Cook</td> <td>JC231</td> <td>GC076</td> <td>PAP Central </td> <td>3</td> <td>Section 3</td> <td>12/05/2022</td> <td>48 50.095</td> <td>16 31.331</td> <td>4843</td> <td>Gravity core</td> <td>room temperature, dry (D)</td> <td>80</td> <td>6.5</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Scavenging Amphipods, Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory, North Atlantic, 1985-2016.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Scavenging Amphipods, Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory, North Atlantic, 1985-2016". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/27448b7d-f4c5-4ccf-9ffc-31c91bf42cec">https://bionomia.net/dataset/27448b7d-f4c5-4ccf-9ffc-31c91bf42cec</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/27448b7d-f4c5-4ccf-9ffc-31c91bf42cec">https://gbif.org/dataset/27448b7d-f4c5-4ccf-9ffc-31c91bf42cec</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Bacterial and archaeal communities in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone: comparison between adjacent seamount and abyssal plain communities
<p>This dataset contrasts microbial communities from abyssal plain and seamount samples, collected on the DeepCCZ cruise to the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone in May-June 2018. This cruise sampled paired plain and seamount sites in three Areas of Particular Environmental Interest (APEIs). Samples included CTD casts to collect overlying water and sediment cores and polymetallic nodules (only present on the plains in two APEIs) collected using an ROV.</p> <p>Genomic DNA was extracted from these samples; 16S rRNA genes were amplified using primers targeting the V4-V5 hypervariable regions (as recommended by Parada et al. 2016 doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.13023); and sequenced used PE250v2 chemistry on an Illumina MiSeq. Sequences were quality-controlled, clustered into amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) using DADA2 (Callahan et al. 2016 doi: 10.1038/nmeth.3869), and classified using Silva v138 (Quast et al. 2013 doi: 10.1093/nar/gks1219). Differential abundances between comparisons of interest were calculated using DESeq2 on unnormalized datasets following the authors' recommendations (Love et al. 2014 doi: 10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8). Raw sequences are archived with the Sequence Read Archive (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra) under project code PRJNA660809.</p> <p>Datasets archived here include:</p> <p>1) DeepCCZ_topography_metadata.xlsx: sampling location and other collection metadata, as well as all available environmental data (e.g., inorganic nutrients, total organic carbon, cell abundance counts), for DNA samples archived in this dataset</p> <p>2) DeepCCZ_topography_unnormalized_counts.xlsx: quality-controlled but otherwise unprocessed ASV results, including sequences associated with each ASV</p> <p>3) DeepCCZ_topography_relabund_UniFrac_with3ums.xlsx: quality-controlled ASV results, subsampled to a lower read count that accommodates the lower-yield 3 µm filter size samples; this sheet includes both relative abundances and a weighted UniFrac distance matrix</p> <p>4) DeepCCZ_topography_relabund_UniFrac_no3ums.xlsx: quality-controlled ASV results, subsampled to a higher read count that excludes the lower-yield 3 µm filter size samples; this sheet includes both relative abundances and a weighted UniFrac distance matrix</p> <p>5) DeepCCZ_topography_DESeq_*.xlsx (7 files): a series of results from numerous DESeq2 tests (Love et al. 2014 doi: 10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8) to identify differentially abundant ASVs in different sample categories. Tests were run on non-subsampled counts, as recommended.</p> <p>6) DeepCCZ_topography_diversity_metrics.xlsx: ASV richness, Pielou's evenness, and Shannon diversity for both levels of subsampling</p> <p> </p> <p>Contact for questions about this dataset: Emma Wear, ekwear.oceans@gmail.com</p>
Heterogeneity in the abyssal plains: A case study in the Bering Sea
<p>The abyssal plains are vast areas without large-scale topography that occupy much of the ocean floor. Ecological research in these superficially homogenous regions benefits increasingly from non-destructive visual sampling of epifaunal organisms with imaging technology. We analysed images from ultra high-definition towed camera transects at depths around 3500 m across three stations 100–130 km apart in the Bering Sea to ask whether the density and distribution of visible epifauna indicated any substantial heterogeneity. We identified 71 different megafaunal taxa, of which 24 occurred at only one station. Measurements of the two most abundant faunal elements, the holothurian <em>Elpidia</em> <em>minutissima</em> and xenophyophores, indicated significant differences in local densities and patchy aggregations that were strikingly dissimilar among stations. One station was dominated by xenophyophores, one was relatively depauperate in both target taxa as well as other identified megafauna, and the third station was dominated by <em>Elpidia</em>. This is an unexpected level of variation at relatively small spatial scales (~100 km), within comparable transects in a well-mixed oceanic basin, reinforcing the emerging view that abyssal habitats contain landscape heterogeneity at similar spatial scales to terrestrial continental realms.</p>
Heterogeneity in the abyssal plains: A case study in the Bering Sea
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Data from: Larval assemblages over the abyssal plain in the Pacific are highly diverse and spatially patchy
Abyssal plains are among the most biodiverse yet least explored marine ecosystems on our planet, and they are increasingly threatened by human impacts, including future deep seafloor mining. Recovery of abyssal populations from the impacts of polymetallic nodule mining will be partially determined by the availability and dispersal of pelagic larvae leading to benthic recolonization of disturbed areas of the seafloor. Here we use a tree-of-life (TOL) metabarcoding approach to investigate the species richness, diversity, and spatial variability of the larval assemblage at mesoscales across the abyssal seafloor in two mining-claim areas in the eastern Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ; abyssal Pacific). Our approach revealed a previously unknown taxonomic richness within the meroplankton assemblage, detecting larvae from 12 phyla, 23 Classes, 46 Orders, and 65 Families, including a number of taxa not previously reported at abyssal depths or within the Pacific Ocean. A novel suite of parasitic copepods and worms were sampled, from families that are known to associate with other benthic invertebrates or demersal fishes as hosts. Larval assemblages were patchily distributed at the mesoscale, with little similarity in OTUs detected among deployments even within the same 30 x 30 km study area. Our results provide baseline observations on larval diversity prior to polymetallic nodule mining in this region, and emphasize our overwhelming lack of knowledge regarding larvae of the benthic boundary layer in abyssal plain ecosystems.
FIGURES 1–6 in Tractolira delli, a new Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) from the abyssal plains off Antarctica
FIGURES 1–6. Shells of Tractolira species. 1, 2, 5. Tractolira delli new species. 1. Holotype, USNM 860631, 52.4 mm length (broken shell), Scott Island Bank, eastern Ross Sea, Antarctica, 69º03'–69º05' S, 179º41'– 179º22' E, 3519–3596 m. Scale bar = 20 mm. 2. Paratype 1, off Victoria Land, Antarctica, USNM 860632, 72º58'–72º57' S, 174º24'–174º25' E. Scale bar = 10 mm. 5. Paratype 1, detail of shell surface on penultimate whorl. Scale bar = 1 mm. 3. Tractolira sparta Dall, 1896, holotype, USNM 122999, 60.0 mm length, USNS ALBATROSS station 3360, 24 Feb. 1891,"Gulf of Panama to Acapulco", Mexico. 4, 6. Tractolira germonae Harasewych, 1987. 4. Holotype, USNM 859076, 59.1 mm length, east of Candlemas Island, South Sandwich Islands. Scale bar = 20 mm. 6. USNM 860623, detail of shell surface on penultimate whorl. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURES 7–9 in Tractolira delli, a new Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) from the abyssal plains off Antarctica
FIGURES 7–9. Radulae of Tractolira species, dorsal and 45 oblique views. 7. Tractolira delli new species, holotype, USNM 860631. 8. Tractolira sparta Dall, 1896, SIO M1639, off Ensenada, Baja California Norte, Mexico. 9. Tractolira germonae Harasewych, 1987, USNM 881012, off South Sandwich Islands. Scale bars = 200 m.
FIGURE 12 in A new species of Parabradya Lang, 1944 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae) from the abyssal plain of the Angola Basin *
FIGURE 12. Parabradya samsoni sp. nov., paratype 4 A–E, paratype 5 F: (A) antennule; (B) bulbous sensilla of rostrum with knob; (C) P5; (D) caudal rami ventral; (E) caudal rami ventrolateral; (F) caudal rami dorsolateral. Scale bars A, C–F = 20 µm, B = 1 µm.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of Parabradya Lang, 1944 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae) from the abyssal plain of the Angola Basin *
FIGURE 6. Parabradya samsoni sp. nov., holotype female: (A) maxillule; (B) maxillule, endites of basis; (C) maxillule; (D) maxillule, two small setae of arthrite of praecoxa and basis setae. Scale bars = 50 µm.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Parabradya Lang, 1944 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae) from the abyssal plain of the Angola Basin *
FIGURE 1. Parabradya samsoni sp. nov., holotype female: (A) habitus dorsal; (B) habitus lateral; (C) rostrum. Scale bars A–B = 200 µm, C = 100 µm.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Parabradya Lang, 1944 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae) from the abyssal plain of the Angola Basin *
FIGURE 3. Parabradya samsoni sp. nov., holotype female: (A) antennule ventral, setae drawn in Fig. 3B omitted; (B) antennule ventral, setae drawn in Fig. 3A omitted. Scale bar = 50 µm
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