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Figs 29-53 in Four Achnanthidium species (Bacillariophyta) formerly identified as Achnanthidium minutissimum from the Antarctic Region

Figs 29-53. Achnanthidium maritimo-antarcticum Van de Vijver & Kopalová sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 29-30. LM views of some frustules in girdle view. 31-40. LM views of raphe valves. 41-49. LM views of rapheless valves. 50. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 51. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 52. SEM internal view of an entire raphe valve. 53. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm.

Figs 54-77 in Four Achnanthidium species (Bacillariophyta) formerly identified as Achnanthidium minutissimum from the Antarctic Region

Figs 54-77. Achnanthidium lailae Van de Vijver. Light and scanning electron micrographs of a population on Clearwater Mesa (James Ross Island). 54-56. LM views of some frustules in girdle view. 57-64. LM views of raphe valves. 65-74. LM views of rapheless valves. 75. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 76. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 77. SEM external (right) and internal (left) view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm.

Figs 2-28 in Four Achnanthidium species (Bacillariophyta) formerly identified as Achnanthidium minutissimum from the Antarctic Region

Figs 2-28. Achnanthidium indistinctum Van de Vijver & Kopalová sp. nov. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the type population on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island). 2-4. LM views of some frustules in girdle view. 5-15. LM views of raphe valves. 16-24. LM views of rapheless valves. 25. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 26. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 27. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. 28. SEM internal view of an entire raphe valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm.

Figs 78-103 in Four Achnanthidium species (Bacillariophyta) formerly identified as Achnanthidium minutissimum from the Antarctic Region

Figs 78-103. Achnanthidium sieminskae Witkowski, Kulikovskiy & Riaux-Gobin. Light and scanning electron micrographs of a population on Iles Kerguelen. 78-80. LM views of some frustules in girdle view. 81-91. LM views of raphe valves. 92-99. LM views of rapheless valves. 100. SEM external view of an entire raphe valve. 101. SEM internal view of an entire raphe valve. 102. SEM external view of an entire rapheless valve. 103. SEM internal view of an entire rapheless valve. Scale bars represent 10 µm.

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Figs. 47-82. 47- 48. Achnanthidium minutissimum Morfotipo I in DiAtomáceAs epilíticAs de sistemAs lóticos NA suB-BAciA hidrográficA do Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Figs. 47-82. 47- 48. Achnanthidium minutissimum Morfotipo I; 49-50. A. minutissimum Morfotipo II; 51-52. A. exiguum var. constrictum; 53- 54. A. microcephalum; 55-57. Planothidium bagualensis; 58-59. P. rostratum; 60- 61. P. incuriatum; 62-63. P. sp; 64- 65. Platessa hustedtii; 66-67. Achnanthes inflata; 68-69. A. sp; 70-71. A. ziegleri; 72- 73. A. paraexigua; 74. Neidium ampliatum; 75-76. Humidophila contenta; 77. H. subtropica; 78-79. Luticola goeppertiana; 80. L. mutica; 81. L. peguana; 82. L. simplex. Barras =10µm.

FIG. 15 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 15. — Achnanthidium tirolense sp. nov., specimens from Plansee, Austria: A-AG, LM views of valves. Scale bar: 10 µm.

FIG. 20 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 20. — Principal component analysis of elliptic Fourier shape harmonics for specimens of Achnanthidium sieminskae Witkowski, Kulikowskiy & Riaux-Gob. from different geographic regions (Europe, Wales, Scotland and England). Specimens of Achnanthidium caledonicum (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert. are used as the outgroup. The biplot presents the first two axes with a total explained variance of 92.4 %.

FIG. 18 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 18. — Achnanthidium lacuslustense sp. nov., specimens from Lustsee, Germany: A, SEM external view of raphe valve; B, SEM internal view of raphe valve; C, D, SEM external views of frustules in girdle view; E, SEM external view of rapheless valve; F, SEM internal view of rapheless valve; G, SEM internal view of centre of rapheless valve; H, SEM internal view of pole of rapheless valve. Scale bars: A-F, 5 µm; G, H, 3 µm.

FIG. 11 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 11. — Achnanthidium neomicrocephalum Lange-Bert. & F.Staab, specimens from Lustsee, Germany: A-F, SEM views of rapheless valves; A, SEM external view of valve; B, SEM internal view of valve; C, SEM external view of pole; D, SEM external view of valve centre; E, SEM internal view of valve centre; F, SEM internal view of pole. Scale bars: A, B, 5 µm; C-F, 1 µm.

FIG. 8 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 8. — Achnanthidium sieminskae Witkowski, Kulikowskiy & Riaux-Gob., specimens from Brunnsee, Germany: A, SEM external view of raphe valve; B, SEM external view of rapheless valve, internal view of raphe valve; C, SEM external view of rapheless valve; D, SEM internal view of rapheless valve; E, SEM external view of rapheless valve at centre; F, SEM external view of rapheless valve at pole. Scale bars: A-D, 5 µm; E, F, 3 µm.

FIG. 12 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 12. — Achnanthidium neomicrocephalum Lange-Bert. & F.Staab: A, C-F, specimens from Loch Tarff, Scotland; B, G, H, specimens from Llyn y Fan Fawr, Wales; A-H, SEM views of raphe valves; A-C, SEM external views of valves; D, internal view of valve; E, SEM external view of valve centre; F, SEM external view of valve pole; G, SEM internal view of valve centre; H, SEM internal view of valve pole. Scale bars: A-C, 5 µm; D, 3 µm; E-H, 1 µm.

FIG. 2. — A-H, Achnanthes microcephala f. scotica J.R in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 2. — A-H, Achnanthes microcephala f. scotica J.R.Carter, type from Ardislaigh Lochan, Scotland; I-AN, Achnanthidium caledonicum (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert.; I-S, specimens from Lochan na Ba Ruaidhe, West Sutherland, Scotland; T-Y, specimens from Vilsalpsee, Austria; Z-AG, specimens from Brunnsee, Germany; AH-AN, specimens from Plansee, Austria; A-F, K-X, AA-AN, LM views of valves; G-J, Y, Z, LM views of frustules in girdle view. Scale bar: 10 µm.

FIG. 10 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 10. — Achnanthidium neomicrocephalum Lange-Bert. & F.Staab, specimens from Lustsee, Germany: A-H, SEM views of raphe valves; A-C, SEM external views of raphe valves; D, SEM internal view of raphe valve; E, SEM external view of valve centre; F, SEM external view of half of valve and pole; G, SEM internal view of valve centre; H, SEM internal view of valve pole. Scale bars: A, B, D, 5 µm; C, 10 µm; E-H, 1 µm.

FIG. 7 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 7. — Achnanthidium sieminskae Witkowski, Kulikowskiy & Riaux-Gob.: A-W, specimens from Brunnsee, Germany; X-AT, specimens from Plansee, Austria; AU-BC, specimens from Fischkaltersee; BD-BI, specimens from Ammelsheiner See; BJ-BM, specimens from Harthsee; BN-BQ, specimens from Speicher Dreiweibern; B-BC, BE-BI, BK-BM, BO-BQ, LM views of valves; A, BD, BJ, BN, LM views of frustules in girdle view. Scale bar: 10 µm.

FIG. 1 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 1. — Study sites and regions where Achnanthidium Kütz. species were collected in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Austria. Scotland: 1, Petta Water, Mainland, Shetland Islands; 2, Lochan na Ba Ruaidhe; 3, Ullapool River; 4, unnamed stream west of Arnisdale; 5, Loch Tarff; 6, River Feshi; 7, Loch Morlich; 8, River Spey; 9, Burn of Savoch; 10, Belti Burn. England: 11, River Ehen. Wales: 12, Llyn y Fan Fawr. Germany: 13, Ammelsheiner See; 14, Harthsee; 15, Speicher Dreiweibern; 16, Lustsee; 17, Fischkaltersee; 18, Brunnsee. Austria: 19, Vilsalpsee; 20, Plansee.

FIG. 9 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 9. — Achnanthidium neomicrocephalum Lange-Bert. & F.Staab: A-W, specimens from Lustsee, Germany; X-AD, specimens from Fischkaltersee, Germany; AE-AO, specimens from Loch Tarff, Scotland; AP-CH, specimens from Ullapool River, Scotland; CI-DP, specimens from Llyn y Fan Fawr, Wales; DQ-DZ, specimens from Petta Water, Shetland Islands, Scotland; A-DO, DR-DZ, LM views of valves; DP-DQ, LM views of frustules in girdle view. Scale bar: 10 µm.

FIG. 6 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 6. — Achnanthidium sieminskae Witkowski, Kulikowskiy & Riaux-Gob.: A, E, specimens from River Spey, Scotland; B-D, F-H, specimens from River Feshi, Scotland; A, B, SEM external views of raphe valve; C, SEM internal view of raphe valve; D, E, SEM external views of rapheless valves; F, SEM internal view of raphe valve; G, SEM external view of rapheless valve and mantle; H, external view of frustule in girdle view. Scale bars: A-D, F-H, 5 µm; E, 2 µm.

FIG. 17 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 17. — Achnanthidium lacuslustense sp. nov., specimens from Lustsee, Germany:A-L, LM views of valves; M, LM view of frustule in girdle view.Scale bar:10 µm.

FIG. 16 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 16. — Achnanthidium tirolense sp. nov., specimens from Plansee, Austria: A, B, SEM external views of raphe valves; C, D, SEM internal views of raphe valves; E, SEM external view of rapheless valve; F, SEM internal view of rapheless valve. Scale bars: 5 µm.

FIG. 14 in A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species

FIG. 14. — Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kütz.) Czarn.: A-Q, S, T, W, Y, specimens from Burn of Savoch, Scotland; R, U, V, X, Z-AW, specimens from Belti Burn, Scotland; A, B, Z, LM views of frustules in girdle view; C-Y, AA-AW, LM views of valves. Scale bar: 10 µm.