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54 results for “Acromyrmex”
Figure 2 in Nest refuse of Acromyrmex balzani (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) increases the plant vigor in Turnera subulata (Turneraceae)
Figure 2. Boxplot of attributes evaluated in T. subulata plants after thirty days between two treatments: (a) stem diameter (mm); (b) root length (cm); (c) plant height (cm), (d) the number of leaves, (e) dry aboveground biomass (g) and (f) fresh aboveground biomass (g). Horizontal lines inside each box indicate the median.
Figure 1 in Nest refuse of Acromyrmex balzani (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) increases the plant vigor in Turnera subulata (Turneraceae)
Figure 1. Detail of the studied species. (a) Turnera subulata in the study area; (b) nest mound of Acromyrmex balzani with a nest refuse pile on the right and the colony entrance, characterized by three small straw holes (left).
Figure 2 3D in A 3D model to illustrate the nest architecture of Acromyrmex balzani (Hymenoptera; Formicidae)
Figure 2 3D profile of nests 5 to 8, showing turret height and maximum depth. a: nest 5; b: nest 6; c: nest 7 and d: nest 8.
Figure 3 in A 3D model to illustrate the nest architecture of Acromyrmex balzani (Hymenoptera; Formicidae)
Figure 3 Pearson's Correlation between the number of workers and the number of chambers (a); between the number of workers and the nest volume (b) and between the number of chambers and the nest volume (c), with their respective r and p values.
Fig. 2 in Hierarchical establishment of information sources during foraging decision-making process involving Acromyrmex subterraneus (Forel, 1893) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Fig. 2. Decision time (s) spent by the A. subterraneus target worker according to number of trips (n) made by the respective target worker and the concentration of pheromone manipulated on the branch that does not lead to the food, estimated by total flow of foragers.
Fig. 1 in Effect of the presence of brood and fungus on the nest architecture and digging activity of Acromyrmex subterraneus Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Fig. 1. Plaster mold of a nest excavated by Acromyrmexsubterraneus workers. (A) Plaster mold of tunnels; (B) a molded and dried nest ready to be removed; (C) labeled and measured structure.
Fig. 1. Y in Hierarchical establishment of information sources during foraging decision-making process involving Acromyrmex subterraneus (Forel, 1893) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Fig. 1. Y-trail system with branches of equal length (225 mm). Branches arranged at an angle of 60◦ connected to a bifurcation. Decision lines (LD) established at fixed points 140 mm far from the bifurcation center on the right and left branches, and 25 mm from the base branch to calculate the A. subterraneus workers' frequency of passage when half of their bodies had crossed each LD.
Fig. 3 in Effect of the presence of brood and fungus on the nest architecture and digging activity of Acromyrmex subterraneus Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Fig. 3. Boxplot showing the variation in digging activity according to treatment (indicated above each graph) and time.
Fig. 3 in Morphology of the ovary and spermatheca of the leafcutter ant Acromyrmex rugosus queens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 3. Light micrographs of an Acromyrmex rugosus spermatheca: (A) General appearance of the spermatheca with regions of columnar (Ce) and flat (Fe) epithelia in the reservoir and spermathecal gland (Gl) containing cells with a well-developed nucleus (black arrow). Scale bar: 30 μm. (B) The reservoir epithelium and transition between columnar (Ce) and flat epithelia (Fe). Scale bar: 10 μm. (C) The spermathecal gland (Gl) containing cells with a well-developed nucleus (black arrow) and cytoplasm with granules. Scale bar: 10 μm. (D) The spermathecal pump with muscles (Mu) associated with the spermathecal duct (D). Scale bar: 10 μm. Lu, lumen; Mu, muscles.
Fig. 2 in Morphology of the ovary and spermatheca of the leafcutter ant Acromyrmex rugosus queens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 2. Light micrographs of an Acromyrmex rugosus ovariole. (A) Terminal filament (Tf) and germarium (Ge). Scale bar: 30 μm. (B) The vitellarium region with the egg chamber (Oc) and nurse chamber (Nc) at various stages of development, covered by follicular cells (Fc). Scale bar: 30 μm. (C) A follicle at the early stage of development with a small egg chamber (Oc) enveloped by cuboidal follicular cells (Fc) and a well-developed nurse chamber (Nc). N, nurse cell nucleus. Scale bar: 20 μm. (D) Flat follicular cells (Fc) covering the nurse chamber (Nc). Scale bar: 20 μm. (E) A follicle with an oocyte (Oc) with multiple accessory nuclei (black arrowhead). A disruption in the follicular epithelium that allows communication between the egg and nurse chambers (black arrow). Scale bar: 20 μm. (F) Oocytes (Oc) in the late maturation stages with a large number of yolk granules in the cytoplasm (black arrow), enveloped by cuboidal follicular (Fc) cells. The nurse chamber (Nc) is smaller than the egg chamber (Oc). Scale bar: 30 μm. (G) Cuboidal follicular epithelium (Fc) covering the oocyte (Oc). Scale bar: 20 μm. (H) A follicle at the final stage of development with degenerating nurse cells (Nc). Yolk granules in the ooplasm (black arrow). Oc, oocyte; Fc, follicular cells. Scale bar: 10 µm.
Fig. 1 in Morphology of the ovary and spermatheca of the leafcutter ant Acromyrmex rugosus queens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 1. General appearance of the Acromyrmex rugosus reproductive system. Ovariole (Ov); lateral oviduct (Lo); spermatheca (Sp); trachea associated with the ovarioles (white arrow). Scale bar: 500 μm.
Data from: Phylogenomic approach to integrative taxonomy resolves a century-old taxonomic puzzle and the evolutionary history of the Acromyrmex octospinosus species complex
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Specificity and stability of the Acromyrmex-Pseudonocardia symbiosis
The stability of mutualistic interactions is likely to be affected by the genetic diversity of symbionts that compete for the same functional niche. Fungus-growing (attine) ants have multiple complex symbioses and thus provide ample opportunities to address questions of symbiont specificity and diversity. Among the partners are Actinobacteria of the genus Pseudonocardia that are maintained on the ant cuticle to produce antibiotics, primarily against a fungal parasite of the mutualistic gardens. The symbiosis has been assumed to be a hallmark of evolutionary stability, but this notion has been challenged by culturing and sequencing data indicating an unpredictably high diversity. We used 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA to estimate the diversity of the cuticular bacterial community of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior and other fungus-growing ants from Gamboa, Panama. Both field and laboratory samples of the same colonies were collected, the latter after colonies had been kept under laboratory conditions for up to 10 years. We show that bacterial communities are highly colony-specific and stable over time. The majority of colonies (25/26) had a single dominant Pseudonocardia strain, and only two strains were found in the Gamboa population across 17 years, confirming an earlier study. The microbial community on newly hatched ants consisted almost exclusively of a single strain of Pseudonocardia while other Actinobacteria were identified on older, foraging ants in varying but usually much lower abundances. These findings are consistent with recent theory predicting that mixtures of antibiotic-producing bacteria can remain mutualistic when dominated by a single vertically transmitted and resource-demanding strain.
Data from: Differential gene expression in Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants after challenges with two fungal pathogens
Social insects in general and leaf-cutting ants in particular have increased selection pressures on their innate immune system due to their social lifestyle and monoclonality of the symbiotic fungal cultivar. As this symbiosis is obligate for both parties, prophylactic behavioural defences against infections are expected to increase either ant survival or fungus-garden survival, but also to possibly trade off when specific infections differ in potential danger. We examined the effectiveness of prophylactic behaviours and modulations of innate immune defences by a combination of inoculation bioassays and genome-wide transcriptomic studies (RNA-Seq), using an ant pathogen (Metarhizium brunneum) and a fungus-garden pathogen (Escovopsis weberi) and administering inoculations both directly and indirectly (via the symbiotic partner). Upon detection of pathogen conidia, ant workers responded by increasing both general activity and the frequency of specific defence behaviours (self-grooming, allo-grooming, garden-grooming) independent of the pathogen encountered. This trend was also evident in the patterns of gene expression change. Both direct and indirect (via fungus garden) inoculations with Metarhizium induced a general up-regulation of gene expression, including a number of well-known immune-related genes. In contrast, direct inoculation of the fungus garden by Escovopsis induced an overall down-regulation of ant gene expression, whereas indirect inoculation (via the ants) did not, suggesting that increased activity of ants to remove this fungus-garden pathogen is costly and involves trade-offs with the activation of other physiological pathways.
FIGURE 4. Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus. A in A new species of Szelenyiopria Fabritius (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), larval parasitoid of Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Brazil
FIGURE 4. Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus. A. Healthy larva and parasitized larva; B. Ant larvae showing gregarious parasitoidism; C. Ant worker taking care of a healthy larva; D. Ant worker taking care of a larva attacked.
FIGURE 2. a in A note on Szelenyiopria pampeana (Loiácono) n. comb., parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) attacking the fungus growing ant, Acromyrmex lobicornis Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Attini) in La Pampa, Argentina
FIGURE 2. a. Szelenyiopria pampeana female, mesosoma, detail of specialized setae with truncate apices. b. Formicid sexual larvae, detail of tegument with ancoriformes setae.
FIGURE 1. Ant larvae. a–b in A note on Szelenyiopria pampeana (Loiácono) n. comb., parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) attacking the fungus growing ant, Acromyrmex lobicornis Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Attini) in La Pampa, Argentina
FIGURE 1. Ant larvae. a–b. showing immature states of diapriines, c. with adult diapriid emerging, d. after diapriid emergence. e. Szelenyiopria adult female (upper) and ant worker (lower).
Supplementary material 1 from: Pereira T, Reis A, Cardoso D, Cristiano M (2018) Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction and localization of the (TTAGG)n telomeric repeats in the chromosomes of Acromyrmex striatus (Roger, 1863) suggests a lower ancestral karyotype for leafcutter ants. Comparative Cytogenetics 12(1): 13-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v12i1.21799
Figure S1. Phylogenomic tree used to estimate the ancestral chromosome number. : Explanation note: Numbers at nodes represent the first and second most likely haploid chromosome number followed by posterior support values under Bayesian optimization and the ancestral haploid chromosome number with best likelihood under maximum likelihood optimization, as follows: [first haploid state (P.P.%)// second haploid state (P.P.%)// ML haploid state].
Fig. 5 in Acromyrmex fowleri: a new inquiline social parasite species of leaf-cutting ants from South America, with a discussion of social parasite biogeography in the Neotropical region
Fig. 5 Mating flight activity of Acromyrmex fowleri alates recorded between 1994 and 1996. The number of alate A. fowleri individuals is depicted on the y-axis and the time period of our collections is depicted on the x-axis
Fig. 4 in Acromyrmex fowleri: a new inquiline social parasite species of leaf-cutting ants from South America, with a discussion of social parasite biogeography in the Neotropical region
Fig. 4 Comparative anatomy of male genitalia (a, b), female forewings (c, d), and female hindwings (e, f) of Acromyrmex fowleri (a, c, e) and Acromyrmex rugosus (b, d, f). The scale bars represent 0.1 mm in a, 0.2 mm in b, and 1 mm in c–f
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