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FIGURE 9. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 9. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake. A–E—parthenogenetic female: A—antennule, B—antenna, C–D—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I; E—juvenile male of instar I, inner part of thoracic limb I; F–G—juvenile male of instar II: F—antennule, G—inner part of thoracic limb I; H–I—adult male: H—antenna, I—thoracic limb I (endites not shown). Scale bar 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 6. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A–H in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 6. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A–H—specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: A–B—juvenile females of instar I–II, C—parthenogenetic female, D–E—ephippial female, F–G—juvenile males of instar I–II, H—adult male; I–K—parthenogenetic females: I—from Norway, Oslo, Lake Ostensjovand (specimen from G.O.Sars collection, slide F9012), J—from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, K - from Russia, Chita Area, Chita town, Lake Kenon. Scale bar 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 10. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 10. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake, parthenogenetic female, thoracic limbs: A—limb II (gnathobase filter plate not shown), B exopodite and soft seta of limb II, C—scrapers 6–8 of limb II, D—exopodite of limb III, E–F—inner part of limb III, G—exopodite of limb IV, H—scraping and flaming torch setae of limb IV; I–J—limb V, K –limb VI. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 5. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834) from Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr, parthenogenetic female, thoracic limbs: A—limb II, B—expodite of limb III, C–D—inner part of limb III, E—exopodite of limb IV, F—inner part of limb IV; G—limb V, H –limb VI. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 4. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834) from Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr. A–E—parthenogenetic female: A—antennule, B—antenna, C–D—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I, E—endites of limb II; F—juvenile male of instar I, inner part of thoracic limb I; G–H - juvenile male of instar II, G—antennule, H—inner part of thorachic limb I; I–K—adult male, I—antenna, J–K—outer and inner part of thoracic limb I. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 3. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834) from Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr. A–F—parthenogenetic female: A—valve, B–C—denticles of left and right valves of same specimens, D—head (note the one of antennules appears reaching the rostrum), E—outlines of labral keel, F–G—postabdomens; H–I—postabdomens of juvenile males of instar I–II; J—postabdomen of adult male. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for A, 0.05 mm for B–C, D–E and F–G.

FIGURE 2 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 2. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834) from Russia, Moscow Area, Ruza District, Glubokoe Lake, A–J—parthenogenetic female: A—specimen in lateral view, B—specimen in anterodorsal view, C–D—denticles of the valves, E—posterior portion of valves in anteroventral view, F—head pores (lateral pore indicated by arrow), G—main head pores, H—postabdomen, I—antenna, J—apical setae of antenna; K–M—adult male: K—specimen in lateral view, L—specimen in anterodorsal view, M—posterior portion of postabdomen. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for A, B, L, K, 0.05 mm for E, H,I,J, 0.01 mm for F,G, 0.005 mm for C, D.

FIGURE 1 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 1. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834). A–H—specimens from Russia, Murmansk Area, Khibiny Mountains, Lake Malyi Vud'yavr: A–B—juvenile females of instar I–II, C—parthenogenetic female, D—ephippial female, E–F—juvenile males of instar I–II, G—adult male; H–J—parthenogenetic females: H - from Russia, Moscow Area, Ruza District, Glubokoe Lake, I-from Belarus, Vitebsk Area, Miorskii district, Lake Obsterno, J - from Russia, Irkutsk Area, Barguzinka river close to coast of Lake Baikal coast. Scale bar 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 8. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A–E in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 8. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863. A–E—denticles of the valves of specimens from various locations; F–K - specimens from Germany, Berlin Area, Petersdorfersee Lake: F—outlines of labral keel of female, G—female postabdomen, H–I—postabdomens of juvenile males of instar I–II; J—postabdomen of adult male, K—abnormal postabdomen of adult male (abnormal denticles indicated by arrows). Scale bars 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 7. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 in Discrimination between two sibling species of Acroperus (Baird, 1843) from the Palearctic (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

FIGURE 7. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 females from Sweden, Uppland, Erken Lake, parthenogenetic female: A—specimen in lateral view, B—specimen in dorsolateral view, C—head in anterolateral view, D—posterior portion of valves in anteroventral view, E—head pores (lateral pore indicated by arrow), F—main head pores, G—postabdomen, H—postanal portion of postabdomen, I—postabdominal claw. Scale bars: 0.2 mm for A, B, 0.1 mm for C, D,G, 0.02 mm for E,H; 0.01 mm for F.

FIGURE 7. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 in A new species of Acroperus Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Chydoridae) from Africa

FIGURE 7. Acroperus angustatus Sars, 1863 from Siamosero Lake, Karelia, European Russia. A, Adult parthenogenetic female, general view. B, Labrum and labral keel. C, Posteroventral angle. D, Antenna II. E, Outer part of limb I. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Acroperus Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Chydoridae) from Africa

FIGURE 6. Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834) from a channel in Arvydai Fishery Farm, Vilnius Region, Lithuania. A, Adult parthenogenetic female, general view. B, Labrum and labral keel. C–D, Posteroventral angle. E, Antenna II. F, Outer part of limb I. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Acroperus Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Chydoridae) from Africa

FIGURE 4. Acroperus africanus sp. nov. fromBahir-Dar Bay, Lake Tana, Ethiopia (type locality). A, Outer part of limb I. B, Inner part of limb I. C, Limb II. D, Limb III. E, Gnatobase of limb III. F. Limb IV. G. Limb V. H. Limb VI. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Acroperus Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Chydoridae) from Africa

FIGURE 5. Acroperus africanus sp. nov. from the Wildebeest River Dam, McClear, Republic of South Africa. A, Adult parthenogenetic female, general view. B, Posteroventral angle. C, Antenna II. D, Outer part of limb I. E, Inner part of limb I. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Acroperus Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Chydoridae) from Africa

FIGURE 3. Acroperus africanus sp. nov., from from Bahir-Dar Bay, Lake Tana, Ethiopia (type locality). A, Parthenogenetic female, general view. B–C, Head. D, Head keel. E, Head pores (lateral pore indicated by arrow). F–G, Labral keel. H, Inner part of posteroventral margin. I–K, Posteroventral angle. L–M, Ventral margin. N, Sculpture of valve. O–P, Postabdomen. Q, Claw. R, Antenna I. S, Antenna II. T, Fragment of antenna II and seta on the middle segment of endopod. U, Fragment of antenna II and seta on the proximal segment of endopod. V, Setules on the terminal setae of antenna II. Scale bars 0.1 mm for A, 0.05 mm for C–D, 0.03 mm for B, F, S, 0.01 mm for G, N–R, T–V, 0.005 mm for E, H–M.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Acroperus Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Chydoridae) from Africa

FIGURE 2. Acroperus africanus sp. nov. from from Bahir-Dar Bay, Lake Tana, Ethiopia (type locality). A–B, Postabdomen. C, Claw. D, Antenna I. E–H, Antenna II of the adult parthenogenetic female. I, Antenna II of the juvenile parthenogenetic female. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Acroperus Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Chydoridae) from Africa

FIGURE 1. Acroperus africanus sp. nov. from Bahir-Dar Bay, Lake Tana, Ethiopia (type locality). A, Adult parthenogenetic female, general view. B, Juvenile parthenogenetic female, general view. C, Head. D, Labrum and labral keel. E, Valve. F, Inner part of posteroventral margin. G–H, Posteroventral angle. I, Ventral margin. Scale bars 0.1 mm.