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Fig. 5 in Life history and description of the larva of Acrotaeniostola spiralis (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Gastrozonini), an Oriental fruit fly inhabiting bamboo twigs

Fig. 5. Anterior spiracle and caudal segment showing the posterior spiracle, anus and the locations of the sensilla of A. spiralis (SEM photographs). A, Anterior spiracle; B, Creeping welt of first abdominal segment; C, Creeping welt of the fifth abdominal segment; D, Part of the creeping welt of the caudal segment showing two openings; E, Caudal segment; F, Anal lobe. Abbreviations: ads = anteriorly directed spinules, an = anal lobe, D1 = dorsal sensillum 1, D2 = dorsal sensillum 2, es = ecdysial scar, g = gap, I1a = intermediate sensillum 1a, I1b = intermediate sensillum 1b, I2 = intermediate sensillum 2, I3 = intermediate sensillum 3, L = lateral sensillum, pds = posteriorly directed spinules, psp = posterior spiracle, sh = spiracular hairs, ss = small spinules, V1= ventral sensillum 1, V2 = ventral sensillum 2, V3 = ventral sensillum 3.

Fig. 1 in Life history and description of the larva of Acrotaeniostola spiralis (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Gastrozonini), an Oriental fruit fly inhabiting bamboo twigs

Fig. 1. Acrotaeniostola spiralis, habitat and biological traits. A, Bamboo stand of the host plant of A. spiralis, Pseudoxytenanthera albociliata, in northern Thailand in November. Note the emerging bamboo shoots; B, Female on the underside of a bamboo leaf near the apex of a twig of P. albociliata; C, Female imbibing water; D, Female ovipositing under the margin of a rolled apical leaf located at the apex of a bamboo twig. Inset: A twig infested by A. spiralis can be recognised by the yellow colour of the rolled up apical leaf (arrow); E, The oblong, yellow larva of A. spiralis. Inset: Larva sticking out the rolled up apical leaf, after being pulled out of the apical sheath. Note the feeding marks and the posterior spiracles (= psp) at the caudal end of the abdomen.

Fig. 4 in Life history and description of the larva of Acrotaeniostola spiralis (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Gastrozonini), an Oriental fruit fly inhabiting bamboo twigs

Fig. 4. Pseudocephalon and first thoracic segment of the larva of A. spiralis (SEM photographs). A, Pseudocephalon and first thoracic segment, ventral view; B, Pseudocephalon, frontoventral view, showing two types of facial masks on the same individual; C, Pseudocephalon and part of the first thoracic segment, lateral view; D, Antennae and maxillary palpus; E, Area surrounding the mouth opening showing the preoral organ, facial mask and the mouth hook (tips broken off); F, Labial lobe. Abbreviations: ant = antenna, asp = anterior spiracle, dlg = dorsolateral group of sensilla, fm = facial mask, ko = keilin´s organ, lal = labial lobe, la org = labial organ (arrow pointing to left opening), max org = maxillary organ, mh = mouth hook, m or lb = median oral lobe, mp = maxillary palp, p ceph = pseudocephalon, pap-s = papilla-sensilla, pit-s = pit-sensilla, pror org = preoral organ, T1 = first thoracic segment.

Fig. 2 in Life history and description of the larva of Acrotaeniostola spiralis (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Gastrozonini), an Oriental fruit fly inhabiting bamboo twigs

Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of a bamboo twig of Pseudoxytenanthera albociliata showing the egg-laying and larval feeding site of A. spiralis. A, Intact apex of a bamboo twig; B, Visible sheaths of a bamboo twig removed and placed beside the stem in order to show their insertion locations and their degree of overlapping (leaf blades omitted). Bold arrows symbolise the penetration of the larva through the folds of the leaf towards the growing point of the bamboo branch. The larval feeding area is highlighted in grey; C, Cross-section of a rolled up apical leaf showing the location of an A. spiralis egg; D, Apical part of a bamboo twig hanging down from a bamboo stem showing the location of the feeding area of A. spiralis.

Fig. 3 in Life history and description of the larva of Acrotaeniostola spiralis (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Gastrozonini), an Oriental fruit fly inhabiting bamboo twigs

Fig. 3. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton, posterior spiracle, larval habitus (light microscopy) and sensillae on thoracic and first abdominal segments (SEM microscopy) of A. spiralis. A, Cephalopharyngeal skeleton in lateral view; B, Schematic illustration of the location of sensillae distributed on thoracic and abdominal segments; C, Larval habitus, length about 8–10 mm; D, Posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: A1–A7 = abdominal segments, asp = anterior spiracle, as = anterior sclerite, at = apical tooth, b = bulge, CS = caudal segment, c = cleft, cw = creeping welt, da = dorsal apodeme, db = dorsal bridge, dc = dorsal cornu, ec = ecdysial scar, hb = hypopharyngeal bridge, hs = hypopharyngeal sclerite, ko = keilin's organ, ls = labial sclerite, mh = mouth hook, n = neck, pb = parastomal bar, pap-s = papilla-sensillum, p ceph = pseudocephalon, peg-s = peg-sensillum, perit = peritreme, pit-s = pit-sensillum, ps = pharyngeal sclerite, pt = praeapical tooth, ri = rima, sc = spiracular chamber, sh = spiracular hairs, sp = (rudimentary) spiracle, tp = tentoreal phragma, T1–T3 = thoracic segments, va = ventral apodeme, vb = ventral bridge, vc = ventral cornu.

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FIGURES 6–8 in A new species of Acrotaeniostola Hendel and new records of Gastrozonini and Ceratitidini (Diptera: Tephritidae) from India

FIGURES 6–8. Postabdominal structures of holotype of Acrotaeniostola connexa sp.n. 6, epandrium, surstyli and proctiger (lateral view); 7, epandrium and surstyli (posterior view); 8, glans of phallus (lateral view)

FIGURES 18–22 in A new species of Acrotaeniostola Hendel and new records of Gastrozonini and Ceratitidini (Diptera: Tephritidae) from India

FIGURES 18–22. Ceratitella sobrina (Zia). 18, head; 19, thorax (lateral view) and legs; 20, abdomen; 21, scutum; 22, wing.

FIGURES 12–17. Acroceratitis incompleta Hardy. 12 in A new species of Acrotaeniostola Hendel and new records of Gastrozonini and Ceratitidini (Diptera: Tephritidae) from India

FIGURES 12–17. Acroceratitis incompleta Hardy. 12, head; 13, thorax (lateral view) and legs; 14, scutum (dorsal view); 15; abdomen; 16, wing; 17, aculeus tip

FIGURES 9–11 in A new species of Acrotaeniostola Hendel and new records of Gastrozonini and Ceratitidini (Diptera: Tephritidae) from India

FIGURES 9–11. Postabdominal structure of female of Acrotaeniostola connexa sp.n. 9, ovipositor; 10, spicules on distal end of eversible membrane; 11, aculeus tip.

FIGURES 1–5 in A new species of Acrotaeniostola Hendel and new records of Gastrozonini and Ceratitidini (Diptera: Tephritidae) from India

FIGURES 1–5. Holotype of Acrotaeniostola connexa sp. n. 1, head; 2, thorax (lateral view) and legs; 3, scutum (dorsal view); 4, abdomen (dorsal view); 5, wing.