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79 results for “Active layer”
Bonanza Creek LTER: Annual Active Layer Depths from 1972 to Present in the Wickersham Fireline Sites near Fairbanks, Alaska
In June of 1971 the Wickersham fire burned 6313 ha and provided an opportunity to study various fire effects. When wildfire burns through a northern black spruce forest there is usually a subsequent increase in depth of thaw, due to the reduction in the depth of the organic layer. The construction of firelines with heavy machinery involves the complete removal of the organic layer and results in an even greater increase in active layer. This study was designed as a long-term comparison between depth of thaw on firelines, burned and unburned open black spruce forest underlain by ice rich permafrost.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Annual Active Layer Depths at Core Floodplain Sites from 1990 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska
Annual thaw depths are measured at the time of maximum thaw at any of the 35 BCEF-LTER sites that have permafrost or intermittent seasonal frost. 1. Wildfire in the black spruce permafrost sites will cause an increase in the active layer thickness and subsidence of the surface layers that may last for up to 25 years. The active layer thickness should return to the pre-fire depths between 25 and 30 years after the fire. 2. Climate warming in interior Alaska may result in an increase in the active layer thickness in black spruce permafrost sites. 3. Fire and climate warming together may result in the elimination of permafrost from some black spruce permafrost sites in interior Alaska. 4. Forest succession on the floodplain of the Tanana River results in a gradual decrease in soil temperature as the organic layer increases with time. The development of a thick feathermoss layer in later stages of succession is especially important in the development of permafrost. Permanent or intermittent permafrost should develop in the older white spruce stages. Black spruce stands on the older terraces should be underlain by permafrost with a shallow active layer. 5. Climate warming will delay the formation of permafrost until the latest stages of forest succession and may eliminate it completely from floodplain stands.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Annual Active Layer Depths from 2004 to Present in the Boundary Fire Fireline near Fairbanks, Alaska
In 2004 the Boundary Fire burned an area within the Caribou Poker Creeks Research Watershed providing an opportunity to study various fire effects. When wildfire burns through a northern black spruce forest there is usually a subsequent increase in depth of thaw, due to the reduction in the depth of the organic layer. The construction of firelines with heavy machinery involves the complete removal of the organic layer and results in an even greater increase in active layer. This study was designed as a long-term comparison between depth of thaw on firelines, burned and unburned black spruce forest underlain by ice rich permafrost. This study will allow us to compare thaw depths from recent firelines to those studied at the Wickersham and Bonanza Creek fireline study sites. Within the fireline bulldozers were used to knock down and in some cases remove, the trees and organic layer. Within the safety zone an area approximately 30 m x 30 m was cleared to mineral soil. After the fire was out an excavator was used to return the organic material to the fireline and safety zones.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Annual Active Layer Depths from 2002 to Present in the Survey Line Fire near Fairbanks, Alaska
In 2001 the Survey Line Fire burned an area of black spruce forest along the Tanana River adjacent to the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest. In 2002 two research sites were established within the burn, one in a dry area and one in a wet area. When wildfire burns through a northern black spruce forest there is usually a subsequent increase in depth of thaw, due to the reduction in the depth of the organic layer. Thaw depth is being measured annually at tweny points within each of these sites.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Active Layer Depth or Permafrost Presence for the Regional Site Network
The initial goal (2000-2013) of these data was to define the presence/absence of permafrost within 2.5m of the surface in the regional site network. Efforts were focused mainly on sites where this was not easily deduced. The final subset of sites (2015 � present) are distributed across the 3 ecoregions of the RSN and primarily in older aged wet sites. The permafrost distribution in interior Alaska is discontinuous and dynamic; susceptible to fire and climate disturbances. Therefore, sites included in this long-term monitoring dataset may cease to be monitored as permafrost degrades and disappears or may be monitored again if permafrost is reestablished.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Annual Active Layer Depths from 1984 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Fireline near Fairbanks, Alaska
In 1983 the Rosie Creek fire burned sections of the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest, providing researchers with a chance to study fire effects. Part of the study was to initiate another long term study on effects of firelines in permafrost areas similar to the one after the Wickersham fire in 1971. This dataset comprises depths to permafrost in a transect perpendicular to a fireline that was dug during the Rosie Creek fire in 1983. The transect proceeds from the burned area, across the fireline and into an unburned control area. Permafrost depth is measured at intervals in each area with a frost probe on a yearly basis. There are ten stakes in the burned area, twenty in the fireline and fireline margin areas, and ten stakes in the control area. Portions of the fireline were either cleared of vegetation or scraped to mineral soil. In 2002 Kenji Yoshikawa drilled a 5 meter deep hole between stakes nine and ten.
Data on ground ice, organic carbon and soluble cations in tundra permafrost and active-layer soils near Lac de Gras in the Slave Geological Province, N.W.T., Canada
<p>Data and computer code for producing figures for the manuscript:</p> <p>Subedi, R., Kokelj, S. V., and Gruber, S.: Ground ice, organic carbon and soluble cations <br> in tundra permafrost soils and sediments near a Laurentide ice divide in the Slave <br> Geological Province, N.W.T., Canada. The Cryosphere, accepted for publication in October 2020. </p> <p>Discussion paper and final version: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-33</p> <p> </p> <p>==========================================================================================<br> CONTENT OF DIRECTORIES<br> ==========================================================================================<br> -– data [input data to produce plots]<br> |–– BoreholesMeta.csv<br> |–– brackets_photos_ice.csv<br> |–– brackets_photos_thawed.csv<br> |–– Lac_de_Gras_permafrost_20200612.csv<br> |–– NordicanaD<br> <br> |–– ds_000582159 [authoritative copy at doi: 10.5885/45558XD-EBDE74B80CE146C6]<br> |–– Cored_Drill_TCR.csv<br> |–– Cored_Drill_TCR.csv_ReadMe.txt<br> <br> |–– ds_000582163 [authoritative copy at doi: 10.5885/45558XD-EBDE74B80CE146C6]<br> |–– Cored_Drill_Logs.csv_ReadMe.txt<br> |–– Cored_Drill_Logs.csv</p> <p>–– plot [R scripts write plots into this subdirectory]</p> <p>–– src [R scripts to generate plots]<br> |–– Combined_Plots.R [produces Figures 3–6]<br> |–– Eskers.R [helper function called by Combined_Plots.R]<br> |–– Organics.R [helper function called by Combined_Plots.R]<br> |–– plot_boreholes_DD_single.R [produces Figures S3]<br> |–– plot_boreholes_DD.R [produces raw Figure S2 for further graphic processing]<br> |–– Till.R [helper function called by Combined_Plots.R]<br> |–– Valley.R [helper function called by Combined_Plots.R]</p> <p><br> ==========================================================================================<br> RUNNING SCRIPTS<br> ==========================================================================================</p> <p>Adjust the variable 'path' in these scrips, then run: <br> Combined_Plots.R<br> plot_boreholes_DD_single.R<br> plot_boreholes_DD.R </p> <p>Tested with R version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29) -- "Holding the Windsock"</p> <p> </p> <p>==========================================================================================<br> REFRERENCE<br> ==========================================================================================<br> Please note that the data contained in data/NordicanaD is published as Gruber et al. (2018)<br> and only included here for convenience. The full reference for the authoritative copy is: <br> <br> Gruber, S., Brown, N., Stewart-Jones, E., Karunaratne, K., Riddick, J., Peart, C., <br> Subedi, R., Kokelj, S. 2018. Drill logs, visible ice content and core photos from 2015 <br> surficial drilling in the Canadian Shield tundra near Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories, <br> Canada, v. 1.0 (2015-2015). Nordicana D38, doi: 10.5885/45558XD-EBDE74B80CE146C6. <br> http://www.cen.ulaval.ca/nordicanad/dpage.aspx?doi=45558XD-EBDE74B80CE146C6 </p>
Gridded active layer thickness across northern permafrost regions from 2003 to 2020
<ol><li>This dataset provides the annual gridded active layer thickness (ALT) across northern permafrost regions (NPR) at 1 km resolution for the period 2003–2020. The ALT in permafrost regions refers to the upper layer of soil that thaws and refreezes annually as a result of seasonal temperature variations. It is a critical parameter in permafrost studies because it determines the depth to which plant roots can penetrate and influences various ecological and engineering processes. This dataset was produced based on the relationship between available ALT site measurements (2966 site-years) and satellite observations of annual gridded predictors, including vegetation, temperature, soil, and topography, using a Random Forest (RF) approach. The annual ALT map for the NPR was generated using the ensemble mean of ALT from the ten best RF predictions. Extensive uncertainty analysis was also conducted. </li><li>The dataset can be viewed at https://liuzh833.users.earthengine.app/view/altv1</li></ol>
Soil Lake Inundation Moat Experiment (SLIME): Continuous environmental measurements from the North Shore East Lake Bonney (NELB) Active Layer and Moat Monitoring Station (ALMMS), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2018-2022, ongoing)
The Soil Lake Inundation Moat Experiment (SLIME) was developed by the McMurdo Valleys LTER project to investigate the ecological function of lake moats in Antarctica. These moats form during the austral summer when the edges of permanently ice-covered, closed-basin lakes melt, creating open-water zones, or ‘moats,’ between the shoreline and the thick (3-5 m) perennial ice cover. Extensive microbial mats are found across these moatbeds, yet their ecological dynamics remain poorly understood. To study these habitats, we established sampling transects on the north and south shores of Lake Fryxell and the East Lobe of Lake Bonney. At each transect, we manually sample soils, sediments, microbial mats, and the water column during the austral summer. To complement these efforts, Active Layer and Moat Monitoring Stations (ALMMS) continuously measure key environmental variables, including moatbed temperatures, incoming and underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR and UW-PAR), subsurface temperatures, soil volumetric water content, and soil electrical conductivity across a moisture gradient from wet (near the lake shore) to dry (further inland). These measurements help us understand environmental and ecological changes as shoreline soils transition between aquatic and terrestrial habitats, whether through inundation from rising lake levels or drying as moatbeds are exposed. The North Shore East Lake Bonney SLIME transect is located approximately 2000 m west of the Priscu Stream inflow to the East Lobe of Lake Bonney. Sensor deployments along the transect follow a wet-to-dry gradient, capturing environmental transitions in real time.
Soil Lake Inundation Moat Experiment (SLIME): Continuous environmental measurements from the North Shore Lake Fryxell (NFRX) Active Layer and Moat Monitoring Station (ALMMS), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2018-2022, ongoing)
The Soil Lake Inundation Moat Experiment (SLIME) was developed by the McMurdo Valleys LTER project to investigate the ecological function of lake moats in Antarctica. These moats form during the austral summer when the edges of permanently ice-covered, closed-basin lakes melt, creating open-water zones, or ‘moats,’ between the shoreline and the thick (3-5 m) perennial ice cover. Extensive microbial mats are found across these moatbeds, yet their ecological dynamics remain poorly understood. To study these habitats, we established sampling transects on the north and south shores of Lake Fryxell and the East Lobe of Lake Bonney. At each transect, we manually sample soils, sediments, microbial mats, and the water column during the austral summer. To complement these efforts, Active Layer and Moat Monitoring Stations (ALMMS) continuously measure key environmental variables, including moatbed temperatures, incoming and underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR and UW-PAR), subsurface temperatures, soil volumetric water content, and soil electrical conductivity across a moisture gradient from wet (near the lake shore) to dry (further inland). These measurements help us understand environmental and ecological changes as shoreline soils transition between aquatic and terrestrial habitats, whether through inundation from rising lake levels or drying as moatbeds are exposed. The North Shore Lake Fryxell SLIME transect is located approximately 500 m west of the Lake Fryxell Camp. Sensor deployments along the transect follow a wet-to-dry gradient, capturing environmental transitions in real time.
Soil Lake Inundation Moat Experiment (SLIME): Continuous environmental measurements from the South Shore East Lake Bonney (SELB) Active Layer and Moat Monitoring Station (ALMMS), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2017-2022, ongoing)
The Soil Lake Inundation Moat Experiment (SLIME) was developed by the McMurdo Valleys LTER project to investigate the ecological function of lake moats in Antarctica. These moats form during the austral summer when the edges of permanently ice-covered, closed-basin lakes melt, creating open-water zones, or ‘moats,’ between the shoreline and the thick (3-5 m) perennial ice cover. Extensive microbial mats are found across these moatbeds, yet their ecological dynamics remain poorly understood. To study these habitats, we established sampling transects on the north and south shores of Lake Fryxell and the East Lobe of Lake Bonney. At each transect, we manually sample soils, sediments, microbial mats, and the water column during the austral summer. To complement these efforts, Active Layer and Moat Monitoring Stations (ALMMS) continuously measure key environmental variables, including moatbed temperatures, incoming and underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR and UW-PAR), subsurface temperatures, soil volumetric water content, and soil electrical conductivity across a moisture gradient from wet (near the lake shore) to dry (further inland). These measurements help us understand environmental and ecological changes as shoreline soils transition between aquatic and terrestrial habitats, whether through inundation from rising lake levels or drying as moatbeds are exposed. Sensor deployments along the transect follow a wet-to-dry gradient, capturing environmental transitions in real time.
Soil Lake Inundation Moat Experiment (SLIME): Continuous environmental measurements from the South Shore Lake Fryxell (SFRX) Active Layer and Moat Monitoring Station (ALMMS), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2018-2022, ongoing)
The Soil Lake Inundation Moat Experiment (SLIME) was developed by the McMurdo Valleys LTER project to investigate the ecological function of lake moats in Antarctica. These moats form during the austral summer when the edges of permanently ice-covered, closed-basin lakes melt, creating open-water zones, or ‘moats,’ between the shoreline and the thick (3-5 m) perennial ice cover. Extensive microbial mats are found across these moatbeds, yet their ecological dynamics remain poorly understood. To study these habitats, we established sampling transects on the north and south shores of Lake Fryxell and the East Lobe of Lake Bonney. At each transect, we manually sample soils, sediments, microbial mats, and the water column during the austral summer. To complement these efforts, Active Layer and Moat Monitoring Stations (ALMMS) continuously measure key environmental variables, including moatbed temperatures, incoming and underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR and UW-PAR), subsurface temperatures, soil volumetric water content, and soil electrical conductivity across a moisture gradient from wet (near the lake shore) to dry (further inland). These measurements help us understand environmental and ecological changes as shoreline soils transition between aquatic and terrestrial habitats, whether through inundation from rising lake levels or drying as moatbeds are exposed. The South Shore Lake Fryxell SLIME transect is located approximately 1500 m west of the F6 Camp. Sensor deployments along the transect follow a wet-to-dry gradient, capturing environmental transitions in real time.
Active Layer Depth Data for the BBC collapse scar for 2003 and 2004
This data set contains active layer depth measurements (cm) for a transect from the center of the BBC collapse scar (0 m) into the surrounding fire scar (30 m) of the Survey Line Fire (burned in June-July 2001). Data were collected using a 120m (and during 2004 a 205.5 m) permafrost probe at every visit to the site in 2003 and 2004. Three permafrost depth measurements were made within a 25cm radius at every point along the transect (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 m on the east and west sides of the boardwalk and at 33 m on the west side only). This data set was collected to monitor the increase in active layer throughout the growing season to relate this to measured fluxes of CO2 and CH4 emissions from soils along the same transect. The data set was also used to monitor permafrost collapse at the margins of the BBC collapse scar.
Carbon Dynamics Along a Permafrost Gradient at Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska: Active Layer Depth (ALD) in a 75x75m spatial domain along a permafrost and vegetation gradient.
This dataset includes active layer depth (ALD) data across a 75x75m spatial domain in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed. Project summary: Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) is a key canopy structural characteristic, a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and an important input into many terrestrial process models. Although many studies have examined SLA variation, relatively few data exist from high latitude, climate-sensitive permafrost regions. We measured SLA and soil and topographic properties across a boreal forest permafrost transition, in which forest composition changed as permafrost deepened from 54 to >150 cm over 75 m hillslope transects in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed, Alaska. This is an exploratory study to begin understanding SLA variation and controls thereof in a non-contiguous permafrost system.
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the F6 Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS01), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at F6 (ALMS01), located on the south shore of Lake Fryxell.
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the Wormherder Creek Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS02), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at Wormherder Creek (ALMS02).
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the Von Guerard Stream Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS03), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at Von Guerard Stream (ALMS03).
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the Green Creek Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS04), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at Green Creek (ALMS04).
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the Water Track B Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS06), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at Water Track B (ALMS06).
Temperature of the active layer in the forest-tundra zone in the north of Western Siberia (Pangody) forest-tundra zone in the north of Western Siberia
<p>Temperature of the active layer in the forest-tundra zone in the north of Western Siberia (Pangody) forest-tundra zone in the north of Western Siberia (7 sites). Temperature was measured with a Tr 46908 thermometer (TR di Turoni & c. Snc, Italy) and drilling was carried out using a hand-held motor-drill Stihl BT 360 (Stihl, Germany). Date of field investigations - 16 and 17 August 2020.</p>
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