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5 results for “Aculifera”
Data from: Phylogenomics of Aplacophora (Mollusca, Aculifera) and a solenogaster without a foot
Recent molecular phylogenetic investigations strongly supported placement of the shell-less, worm-shaped aplacophoran molluscs (Solenogastres and Caudofoveata) and chitons (Polyplacophora) in a clade called Aculifera, which is the sister taxon of all other molluscs. Thus, understanding the evolutionary history of aculiferan molluscs is important for understanding early molluscan evolution. In particular, fundamental questions about evolutionary relationships within Aplacophora have long been unanswered. Here, we supplemented the paucity of available data with transcriptomes from 25 aculiferans and conducted phylogenomic analyses on datasets with up to 525 genes and 75,914 amino acid positions. Our results indicate that aplacophoran taxonomy requires revision as several traditionally recognized groups are non-monophyletic. Most notably, Cavibelonia, the solenogaster taxon defined by hollow sclerites, is polyphyletic, suggesting parallel evolution of hollow sclerites in multiple lineages. Moreover, we describe Apodomenia enigmatica sp. nov., a bizarre new species that appears to be a morphological intermediate between Solenogastres and Caudofoveata. This animal is not a missing link however; molecular and morphological studies show that it is a derived solenogaster that lacks a foot, mantle cavity, and radula. Taken together, these results shed light on the evolutionary history of Aplacophora and reveal a surprising degree of morphological plasticity within the group.
Figure 2 in On Aculifera: a review of hypotheses in tribute to Christoffer Schander
Figure 2. Summary of relationships involving the aculiferan taxa. (A) Monophyly of Aculifera, Aplacophora and Conchifera (Scheltema 1993); (B) Adenopoda hypothesis placing Caudofoveata as sister group to all other molluscs and Testaria monophyletic (Salvini- Plawen 1980); (C) Hepagastralia hypothesis placing Solenogastres as sister group to all other molluscs and Testaria monophyletic (Salvini-Plawen and Steiner 1996; Haszprunar et al. 2008); (D) monophyly of Aplacophora and of its sister group, Testaria (Waller 1998); (E) a version of the Serialia/Dorsoconcha/Variopoda (Giribet et al. 2006; Stöger et al. 2013) hypothesis; (F) summary tree summarizing the phylogenetic hypotheses of Kocot et al. (2011) and Smith et al. (2011).
Figure 1. Delegates attending the 2013 in EDITORIAL Who are the 'Aculifera'?
Figure 1. Delegates attending the 2013 symposium Who are the "Aculifera"? at the World Congress of Malacology, Azores, Portugal. Top row (left to right): Kevin Kocot, Nina Mikkelsen, Lauren Sumner-Rooney, Lesley Brooker, Gonzalo Giribet, Julia Sigwart. Front row (left to right): Daniel Speiser, Rafael Zardoya, Tim Wollesen, Michael Schrödl, Maria del Carmen Cobo, Maik Scherholz, Paola Visnardi Fassina, Lucía Pedrouzo, Emanuel Redl, Gerhard Steiner, Christiane Todt, John Buckland-Nicks, Nick Carey, Hiroshi Saito, Flávio Dias Passos.
Figure 1 in On Aculifera: a review of hypotheses in tribute to Christoffer Schander
Figure 1. Examples of aculiferan taxa: (A) Chaetoderma nitidulum (Caudofoveata) from Gullmar fjord, Sweden, 26 July 2004; (B, C) Epimenia arabica (Solenogastres) from Woodhouse Reef, Egypt, photographed by X. Turon & G. Giribet, 26 April 2008; (D) Tonicella lineata (Polyplacophora) from San Juan Island, Washington, USA, 21 June 2013; (E) Placiphorella cf. pacifica (Polyplacophora) from Santa Rosa-Cortes Ridge, California, USA, 29 November 2007.
Data from: Phylogenomics of Aplacophora (Mollusca, Aculifera) and a solenogaster without a foot
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