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6 results for “Adelges tsugae”
Data from: The phyllosphere microbiome in Tsuga canadensis: Possible relationships with resistance to Adelges tsugae and effects of the pesticide dinotefuran
<p>Eastern hemlock (<em>Tsuga canadensis</em>) is an important forest tree species in North America. It currently faces threats from invasive insects; primarily hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA -<em> Adelges tsugae</em>)<em> </em>and elongate hemlock scale (EHS - <em>Fiorinia externa</em><em>). </em>Both insect species are native to Asia with Tsuga species in the native range typically resistant to the damage they cause. We conducted a study of the phyllosphere microbiome of two hemlock species native to North America and susceptible to HWA (<em>T. canadensis</em> and <em>T. caroliniana</em>), and two species native to Asia and resistant to HWA (<em>T. chinensis</em> and <em>T. diversifolia</em>). The files for this experiment are labelled "Hemlock Microbiome." Since pesticide application is often used to treat North American hemlock species impacted by HWA and EHS, we also examined how the pesticide dinotefuran affected the microbiome and overall plant physiology of <em>T. canadensis</em>. The files for this experiment are labelled "Hemlock Dinotefuran."</p> <p>Included here are zOTU tables for fungi and bacteria and the taxonomic matches for each zOTU from both experiments, as well as the codes used in the programs USEARCH and Cutadapt to generate these data tables. (Note that raw sequence reads are publicly available in the Sequence Read Archive under BioProject number PRJNA1052676.) In addition, R scripts that show 1) how these data were analyzed with PERMANOVA and PERMDISP and visualized with PCoA in the R package vegan, including sequence read normalization in the R package DESeq2, 2) how the relative abundance of the top taxa were graphed in the R package phyloseq, and 3) indicator species analysis in the R package indicspecies are included. Finally, the raw data for plant physiology measurements are also included, along with the R script on how these data were analyzed with ANOVAs.</p>
Data from: Sticky traps as an early detection tool for crawlers of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
We developed an approach using sticky trap arrays as an early detection tool for populations of first instar nymphs of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand), a pest of hemlocks, Tsuga spp., in North America. We considered the detection rate of at least one nymph from trapping arrays consisting of one to six sticky panels, where we varied both the surface area of each trap that we assessed and the length of the trapping duration. We also estimated the time needed to set up, service and assess groups of traps and attempted to relate capture of nymphs on traps to incidence and abundance of A. tsugae in the canopy above the traps. Arrays consisting of two traps provided a detection rate of 75% when 87.5% of the surface area of each trap was assessed, a process that required 38 min per array. The probability of detecting nymphs on traps left in the field for 5 or 6 days was similar to that for traps left for 12 days. The number of nymphs trapped in an array predicted the probability of finding A. tsugae in the canopy but only when all six traps were fully assessed. To reliably detect incipient A. tsugae infestations, we recommend placing arrays of traps at 1 km intervals along the perimeter of a stand during peak activity of first instar sistentes nymphs and servicing these arrays every 5 to 7 days.
Data from: Sticky traps as an early detection tool for crawlers of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
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Data from: Ground and stem sampling as potential detection tools for the wool of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
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Ancient and modern colonization of North America by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an invasive insect from East Asia
Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae, is an invasive pest of hemlock trees (Tsuga) in eastern North America. We used 14 microsatellites and mitochondrial COI sequences to assess its worldwide genetic structure and reconstruct its colonization history. The resulting information about its life cycle, biogeography and host specialization could help predict invasion by insect herbivores. We identified eight endemic lineages of hemlock adelgids in central China, western China, Ulleung Island (South Korea), western North America, and two each in Taiwan and Japan, with the Japanese lineages specializing on different Tsuga species. Adelgid life cycles varied at local and continental scales with different sexual, obligately asexual and facultatively asexual lineages. Adelgids in western North America exhibited very high microsatellite heterozygosity, which suggests ancient asexuality. The earliest lineages diverged in Asia during Pleistocene glacial periods, as estimated using approximate Bayesian computation. Colonization of western North America was estimated to have occurred prior to the last glacial period by adelgids directly ancestral to those in southern Japan, perhaps carried by birds. The modern invasion from southern Japan to eastern North America caused an extreme genetic bottleneck with just two closely related clones detected throughout the introduced range. Both colonization events to North America involved host shifts to unrelated hemlock species. These results suggest that genetic diversity, host specialization and host phylogeny are not predictive of adelgid invasion. Monitoring non-native sentinel host trees and focusing on invasion pathways might be more effective methods of preventing invasion than making predictions using species traits or evolutionary history.
Ancient and modern colonization of North America by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an invasive insect from East Asia
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