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14 results for “Adelgidae”
Assessing the use of 3D printed traps to evaluate Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) infestation levels
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Data from: Sticky traps as an early detection tool for crawlers of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
We developed an approach using sticky trap arrays as an early detection tool for populations of first instar nymphs of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand), a pest of hemlocks, Tsuga spp., in North America. We considered the detection rate of at least one nymph from trapping arrays consisting of one to six sticky panels, where we varied both the surface area of each trap that we assessed and the length of the trapping duration. We also estimated the time needed to set up, service and assess groups of traps and attempted to relate capture of nymphs on traps to incidence and abundance of A. tsugae in the canopy above the traps. Arrays consisting of two traps provided a detection rate of 75% when 87.5% of the surface area of each trap was assessed, a process that required 38 min per array. The probability of detecting nymphs on traps left in the field for 5 or 6 days was similar to that for traps left for 12 days. The number of nymphs trapped in an array predicted the probability of finding A. tsugae in the canopy but only when all six traps were fully assessed. To reliably detect incipient A. tsugae infestations, we recommend placing arrays of traps at 1 km intervals along the perimeter of a stand during peak activity of first instar sistentes nymphs and servicing these arrays every 5 to 7 days.
FIGURE 6 in A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha
FIGURE 6. Phylogeny of Leucotaraxis showing its position in Chamaemyiidae and the relationships among species. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated alignment of one mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. The numbers at the major nodes show the UFBoot support values (* for 100%).
FIGURES 10–14 in A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha
FIGURES 10–14. Chamaemyiidae, genera and subgenera, lateral habitus. 10. Leucopis (Leucopis) sp., male. 11. Leucopis (Xenoleucopis) cilifemur Malloch, male. 12. Lipoleucopis praecox Meijere, male. 13. Neoleucopis kartliana (Tanasijtshuk), male. 14. Vitaleucopis astonea (McAlpine), holotype male.
FIGURE 4 in A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha
FIGURE 4. Leucotaraxis sepiola, male, external features. A. Habitus, lateral view (paratype). B–F. Head: B. anterior view (holotype); C–D. oblique view: C. showing setae along edge of frons (paratype); D. entire (holotype); E–F. dorsal view: E. showing setae along edges of frons (paratype); F. entire (holotype); G–H. dorsal view (holotype): G. head and thorax; H. abdomen.
FIGURE 2. Leucotaraxis species. A–B. L in A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha
FIGURE 2. Leucotaraxis species. A–B. L. argenticollis: A. head and thorax, lateral view; B. head, anterior view. C–D. L. atrifacies: C. head and anterior thorax, lateral view; D. head, anterior view. E–H. L. piniperda: E. head and thorax, lateral view; F–H. heads, anterior view: F. eastern form; G. mixed form; H. western form.
FIGURES 7–9. Chamaemyiidae genera, lateral habitus. 7 in A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha
FIGURES 7–9. Chamaemyiidae genera, lateral habitus. 7. Anchioleucopis geniculata (Zetterstedt), female. 8. Cremifania lanceolata Papp, holotype male. 9. Chamaethrix necopina Gaimari, holotype male.
FIGURE 5 in A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha
FIGURE 5. Leucotaraxis sepiola, male, genitalic features. A–B. Holotype: A. lateral view; B. posterolateral view. C. Paratype, posterolateral view, with surstylus oriented medially under cercus.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha
FIGURE 1. Immature stages of Leucotaraxis species. A. L. atrifacies, egg, dorsal view, posterior pole right (measure bar = 0.1 mm). B–C. L. argenticollis, puparium, dorsal view: B. habitus (measure bar = 0.2 mm); C. posterior spiracles. D. L. piniperda, puparial posterior spiracles, dorsal view.
Data from: Sticky traps as an early detection tool for crawlers of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
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Data from: Ground and stem sampling as potential detection tools for the wool of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
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Ancient and modern colonization of North America by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an invasive insect from East Asia
Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae, is an invasive pest of hemlock trees (Tsuga) in eastern North America. We used 14 microsatellites and mitochondrial COI sequences to assess its worldwide genetic structure and reconstruct its colonization history. The resulting information about its life cycle, biogeography and host specialization could help predict invasion by insect herbivores. We identified eight endemic lineages of hemlock adelgids in central China, western China, Ulleung Island (South Korea), western North America, and two each in Taiwan and Japan, with the Japanese lineages specializing on different Tsuga species. Adelgid life cycles varied at local and continental scales with different sexual, obligately asexual and facultatively asexual lineages. Adelgids in western North America exhibited very high microsatellite heterozygosity, which suggests ancient asexuality. The earliest lineages diverged in Asia during Pleistocene glacial periods, as estimated using approximate Bayesian computation. Colonization of western North America was estimated to have occurred prior to the last glacial period by adelgids directly ancestral to those in southern Japan, perhaps carried by birds. The modern invasion from southern Japan to eastern North America caused an extreme genetic bottleneck with just two closely related clones detected throughout the introduced range. Both colonization events to North America involved host shifts to unrelated hemlock species. These results suggest that genetic diversity, host specialization and host phylogeny are not predictive of adelgid invasion. Monitoring non-native sentinel host trees and focusing on invasion pathways might be more effective methods of preventing invasion than making predictions using species traits or evolutionary history.
Ancient and modern colonization of North America by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an invasive insect from East Asia
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FIGURE 3 in A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha
FIGURE 3. Terminalia of Leucotaraxis species. A–C. Male, phallus, oriented with distal part right (measure bar = 0.1 mm): A. L. argenticollis; B. L. atrifacies; C. L. piniperda. D–H. Female, terminalia. D–E. L. argenticollis: D. ventral view; E. dorsal view. F–G. L. atrifacies: F. ventral view; G. dorsal view. H. L. piniperda, dorsal view. Numbers to the left indicate segments (D, F are sternites; E, G, H are tergites).
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