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350 results for “Afghanistan”
Heritage Dataset around TAPI Pipeline, Afghanistan by EAMENA/ICONEM- Pilot Phase
This dataset contains 433 heritage sites documented by EAMENA and ICONEM along over 338 km of the TAPI (Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India) gas pipeline project in Kandahar and Helmand provinces, Afghanistan, using remote sensing techniques.
National Checklists 2017: Afghanistan Species List
Lists of taxa for each country and a few other administrative zones harvested from effechecka using simplified versions of geonames polygons. See <p></p>https://github.com/diatomsRcool/checklists for details<p></p>A list of species from Afghanistan collected using effechecka and geonames polygons
National Checklists 2019: Afghanistan Species List
Lists of taxa for each country and a few other administrative zones harvested from effechecka using simplified versions of geonames polygons. See <p></p>https://github.com/diatomsRcool/checklists for details.<p></p>A list of species from Afghanistan collected using effechecka and geonames polygons
The modelling pastes of the monumental terracruda sculpture of the Silk Roads: archaeometric study of the Tepe Narenj and Qol-e-tut examples (Kabul, Afghanistan)
<p>These data are the results of the mineralogical, petrographic and chemical study of different archaeological samples related to terracruda sculptures and other elements that were part of the architectural decoration of the Buddhist sites of Tepe Narenj and Qol-e-tut (Kabul, Afghanistan - 5th to 11th centuries CE). The main objective of the study was to characterize the samples using an archaeometric approach. The study helped to better understand the materials involved in the modelling of Afghan sculptures and their processing, such as the different nature of the clay layers and the finishing "stucco" coating. The results further indicate that similarities exist among the manufacturing process of the studied samples and that used today by an ancient caste of clay-artists in West Bengal (India), suggesting the existence of a continuous technological tradition that deserves to be further explored in the future. </p> <p><strong>Supplementary materials – S1. </strong>Bengali artist adding <em>bele-mati</em> to model the final shape of a terracruda sculpture (Kumortuli, Kolkata, 2019).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary materials - S2. </strong>Pictures of the sculpture samples</p> <p><strong>Supplementary materials - S3. </strong>Pictures of the relief and mural painting samples</p> <p><strong>Supplementary materials - S4</strong>. Pictures of the wall samples</p> <p><strong>Table 1. </strong>Samples analyzed, location, subsamples ID and description.</p> <p><strong>Table 2. </strong>Results of petrographic and mineralogic analyses.</p> <p><strong>Table 3</strong>. List of the main components for each sample [FA=fatty acid; C<sub>18:0</sub> = stearic acid; C<sub>18:1</sub> = oleic acid; C<sub>16:0</sub> = palmitic acid; S<sub>27</sub>= cholesterol; βS= β-sitosterol, TA= tartaric acid; N= none; Y= yes].</p> <p><strong>Figure 2</strong>. Microphotographs in thin section under crossed nicols. (a) Phyllite in sample QT3. (b) Quartzite in sample TN4. (c) Cryptocrystalline limestone in TN1. (d) Muscovite (Ms) and calcite (Cal) in TN2. (e) Amphiboles (Amp) in QT3. (f) Microcline in QT1.</p> <p><strong>Figure 3. </strong>Powder X-ray diffraction patterns from untreated clay samples (on the right) and samples after ethylene-glycol treatment (on the left) Mnt: montmorillonite.</p> <p><strong>Figure 4. </strong>Microphoto by EMPA. (a) Particular of sample TN2 in which the phyllosilicate origin of the matrix is evident. (b), (c) and (d) Cuticles in sample TN4. (e) Pollen in sample TN4. (f) Oogonia in sample QT4.</p> <p><strong>Figure 5</strong>. (a) Different layers in QT2, scan of the thin section under parallel nicols. (b) Stucco layer in TN1_a, arrows indicate the voids left by the fibers, micro photo in thin section under parallel nicols. (c) Different layer in TN2, scan of thin section under crossed nicols. (d) TN2_b layer where the red colour of the clay is evident, micro photo in thin section under parallel nicols. (e) Sample TN5, micro photo in thin section under parallel nicols. (f) SEM Image with particular of a fiber in TN5.</p> <p><strong>Figure 6.</strong> Remains and imprints of a fabric between the stucco layer and the underlying earthen mortar in sample QT2. Left: OM Image 8x LEICA-EZ4W. Right: macroscopic view of a fragment of the internal part of QT2.</p> <p><strong>Figure 7</strong>. Microphoto by EMPA. (a) Crushed pure gypsum in TN1_a. (b) Crushed gypsum in TN5 (yellow arrows) and amorphous areas (red arrows) corresponding to the organic matter.</p> <p><strong>Figure 8</strong>. Microphotographs in thin section under Epifluorescence microscopy. (a) Stucco layer TN1_a. (b) Sample TN5. (c) Layers b and c in sample TN2. (d) Clay layer TN1_b </p> <p><strong>Figure 9.</strong> Partial gas chromatograms from exctracts (i) of samples (a) QT2_c, (b) QT2_b and (c) QT2_a. [Cn:0 TMS= trimethylsilylated fatty acids with a specific number (n) of carbons, S<sub>27</sub>= cholesterol, β= β-sitosterol, dots= phthalates and IS= internal standard]. </p> <p><strong>Figure 10</strong>. (a) Raman spectra of the blue pigment analyzed in sample QT1 and of lazurite present in the RRUFF database (RRUFF ID: R040023). (b) Raman spectra of the red pigment analyzed in sample QT1 and of hematite present in the Unical database. (c) Raman spectra of the QT1 binder and of calcite present in the Unical database. (d) Raman spectrum of the red pigment analyzed in sample QT2 and comparison with the hematite and gypsum spectra present in the Unical database.</p> <p><em>This work has been supported by National Geographic Society (EC-59568C-19) and is part of results of the doctoral research of M. López-Prat and the Juan de la Cierva contract (FJC2021-046803-I). The results have been obtained in the framework of the activities of the DIBEST department of the University of Calabria, the ERAAUB (a recognized and financed research group of the Generalitat de Catalunya - 2021 SGR 00696), the Institut d’Arqueologia of the Universitat de Barcelona, the Conservació-Restauració del Patrimoni research group (a recognized research group of the Generalitat de Catalunya - 2021 SGR 00089),and the CASEs research group (a recognized and financed research group of the Generalitat de Catalunya – 2021 SGR-00950). </em></p>
FIG. 6 in Amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene of Afghanistan
FIG. 6. — Xenodermidae (Xenodermus) or Elapidae (Bungarus), Sherullah, late Miocene, photos: A, B, C, trunk vertebra AFG 1672, dorsal, ventral and right lateral views; D, trunk vertebra AFG 1673, dorsal view. Scale bar: 2 mm.
FIG. 1 in Amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene of Afghanistan
FIG. 1. — Anura. Sherullah, late Miocene, photos, A-D: A,? Discoglossinae (? Alytidae), right humerus AFG 1650, ventral view; B-D, "Ranidae", B, right humerus AFG 1653, ventral view; C, right coracoid AFG 1652, inner face; D, right ilium AFG 1655, lateral view; Hadji Rona, early Pliocene; E, Anura indet. sp. C, sacral vertebra AFG 1680, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm.
FIG. 7 in Amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene of Afghanistan
FIG. 7. — Xenodermidae (Xenodermus) or Elapidae (Bungarus), Sherullah, late Miocene, trunk vertebra, AFG 1672, drawings: A, B, dorsal and anterior views. Scale bar: 3 mm.
FIG. 3 in Amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene of Afghanistan
FIG. 3. — Testudines, Sherullah, late Miocene, Agrionemys sp.: A, pygal AFG 132, dorsal, ventral and right lateral views; B, pygal AFG 132 superposed on pygal of Agrionemys sp of Maragheh (Iran) in ventral view; C, AFG 135, neural 5, dorsal and ventral views; D, AFG 138 (9), left epiplastron, dorsal, ventral, medial and posterior views; E, AFG 138 (9), left epiplastron superposed on a drawing of an anterior lobe of Agrionemys horsfieldii from Khordkabul basin REP 57 (without scutes), dorsal view; F, AFG 130, left epiplastron, dorsal, ventral, medial (symphyseal) and left (external) views; G, AFG 136, right fragmentary xiphiplastron, ventral, dorsal and lateral views; H, Agrionemys horsfieldii, REP 57, half posterior lobe parts of specimens from Khordkabul basin (with scutes) with superposition of fragmentary xiphiplastral AFG 138 (11) and AFG 136, respectively ventral and dorsal view (not to scale); I, AFG 138 (11), right anal xiphiplastral extremity, ventral and dorsal views; J, AFG 131, fragmentary posterior peripheral, dorsal, ventral and distal views; K, AFG 134, fragmentary posterior peripheral, dorsal, ventral and distal view. Agrionemys sp., Maragheh (Iran), late Miocene, fragmentary shell: L, MNHN.F.MAR2424, pygal-suprapygal area, dorsal proximal and ventral views; M, MNHN.F.MAR2425, fragmentary right hypoplasron, oblique-posterior view on iguinal notch. Abbreviations: ab-fe, abdominofemoral sulcus; ing, inguinal scute; shx, hypoxiphiplastral suture. Scale bars: 20 mm.
FIG. 4 in Amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene of Afghanistan
FIG. 4. — Varanidae, Molayan, Varanus sp., trunk vertebra MOL 4126, photos: A anterior view; B, dorsal view; C, lateral view; D, ventral view. Right humerus fragment in dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 2 in Amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene of Afghanistan
FIG. 2. — Anura. Sherullah, late Miocene, drawings, A-F: A, B,? Discoglossinae (? Alytidae); A, right humerus AFG 1650, ventral view; B, presacral vertebra AFG 1651, dorsal (B1) and ventral (B2) views; C-E, "Ranidae"; C, right humerus AFG 1653, ventral view; D, right ilium AFG 1655, lateral view; E, right coracoid AFG 1652, inner face. Hadji Rona, early Pliocene, F, Anura indet. sp. C, sacral vertebra AFG 1680, ventral view. Scale bars: 3 mm.
FIG. 5 in Amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene of Afghanistan
FIG. 5. — Varanidae, Molayan, late Miocene, Varanus sp., trunk vertebra MOL 4126, drawings: A, anterior view; B, dorsal view; C, lateral view; D, ventral view. Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIG. 3 in DNA barcoding revealed the presence of the invasive freshwater mussel Sinanodonta aff. woodiana (Lea, 1834) in Afghanistan
FIG. 3. — The Bayesian phylogenetic tree on the basis of 37 unique COI sequences of Sinanodonta sp. and related taxa, including one new sequence from Afghanistan (red) and 36 sequences from GenBank. Margaritifera laosensis (I. Lea, 1863) and M. dahurica (Middendorff, 1850) are the outgroups. The numbers above branches show the bootstrap support value. The scale bar represent the branch lengths.
FIG. 2 in DNA barcoding revealed the presence of the invasive freshwater mussel Sinanodonta aff. woodiana (Lea, 1834) in Afghanistan
FIG. 2. — Non-indigenous Sinanodonta aff. woodiana (Lea, 1834) in Afghanistan: A, live samples of the mussels settled in the river, Qala-I-Zal (10 August 2020); B, shell exterior view of the mussels: a, b and c represent very small, small and medium size classes, respectively.
National Checklists: Afghanistan Species List
Data from: GBIF.org (23 January 2025) GBIF Occurrence Download <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.vd2ajk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.vd2ajk</a>
Fig. 8 in The spider family Oecobiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan
Fig. 8. Epigynes of Uroctea grossa Roewer, 1960; ventral view. A. Holotype, ♀ (GNM-A497). B. ♀ from Mazandaran Province, Larijan (MHNG). C. ♀ from Sistan and Baluchistan Province, surroundings of Taftan volcano (MHNG). D. ♀ from Turkmenistan (SMF38817). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 9 in The spider family Oecobiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan
Fig. 9. Vulvae of Uroctea grossa Roewer, 1960; dorsal view. A. ♀ from Mazandaran Province, Larijan (MHNG). B. Holotype, ♀ (GNM-A497). C. ♀ from Turkmenistan (SMF38817). D. ♀ from Sistan and Baluchistan Province, surroundings of Taftan volcano (MHNG). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 7. Left male palps. A–C. Uroctea grossa Roewer, 1960 in The spider family Oecobiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan
Fig. 7. Left male palps. A–C. Uroctea grossa Roewer, 1960, ♂ from Sistan and Baluchistan Province, surroundings of Taftan volcano (MHNG). D–F. Uroctea gambronica sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (NMP- P6j-180/2002). G. Uroctea thaleri Rheims, Santos & van Harten, 2007, ♂ from Hormozgan Province, Minab County (MHNG). A, D, G = prolateral view; B, E = ventral view; C, F = retrolateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 6. Abdominal patterns, dorsal views. A–D. Uroctea grossa Roewer, 1960. A–B in The spider family Oecobiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan
Fig. 6. Abdominal patterns, dorsal views. A–D. Uroctea grossa Roewer, 1960. A–B. ♀♀ from Iran, Damavand County, Havir village (MHNG). C. ♀ from Mazandaran Province, Larijan (MHNG). D. ♂ from Mazandaran Province, Larijan (MHNG). E. Uroctea gambronica sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (NMP-P6j-180/2002). F. Uroctea thaleri Rheims, Santos & van Harten, 2007, ♂ from Hormozgan Province, Minab County (MHNG). Scale bars = 2 mm.
Fig. 4. Leg spination schematics. A. Legend. B. Uroctea hashemitorum Bosselaers, 1999 in The spider family Oecobiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan
Fig. 4. Leg spination schematics. A. Legend. B. Uroctea hashemitorum Bosselaers, 1999, holotype, ♂ (RBINS). C. Uroctea durandi (Latreille, 1809), ♂ from Spain, Catalonia, Empordà (CJB-3992). D. Uroctea durandi, ♀ from Spain, Catalonia, Empordà (CJB-2198). E. Uroctea thaleri Rheims, Santos & van Harten, 2007, ♂ from Hormozgan Province, Minab County (MHNG). F. Uroctea grossa Roewer, 1960, ♂ from Sistan and Baluchistan Province, surroundings of Taftan volcano (MHNG). G. Uroctea grossa, holotype, ♀ (GNM-A497). H. Uroctea gambronica sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (NMP- P6j-180/2002).
Fig. 3 in The spider family Oecobiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan
Fig. 3. Live habitus and tent web of oecobiids. A. Oecobius ferdowsii Mirshamsi, Zamani & Marusik, 2017, ♀. B. Oecobius nadiae (Spassky, 1936), ♀. C. Oecobius putus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876, ♂. D. Uroctea thaleri Rheims, Santos & van Harten, 2007, juvenile. E. Uroctea grossa Roewer, 1960, ♀. F. Tent web of Uroctea grossa. A–C, E–F by Alireza Zamani; D courtesy of Mahmoud Kolnegari.
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