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35 results for “Agalychnis”
Data from: To hatch and hatch not: Rejecting the hypothesis that heterochrony in vestibular mechanosensing explains poor escape-hatching success of Agalychnis spurrelli in snake attacks compared with its congener A. callidryas
<p>Phyllomedusid treefrogs hatch prematurely to escape egg predation, but escape success varies among species. During spontaneous hatching of <em>Agalychnis</em> <em>spurrelli</em>, snake attacks elicited 55% less escape-hatching than did attacks on less developed <em>A. callidryas</em>. <em>Agalychnis</em> <em>callidryas</em> use their vestibular system and, secondarily, their lateral line to sense physical disturbances that cue hatching. Since <em>A. spurrelli </em>develop faster, we hypothesized that heterochronic shifts in the onset timing of vestibular mechanosensory function, relative to hatching ability, might explain their lower escape response to mechanosensory cues. To test this, we compared the onset timing of hypoxia- and mechanosensory-cued hatching (MCH) and vestibular mechanosensory function in developmental series of <em>A. spurrelli</em> and <em>A. callidryas</em> embryos. Across species, most sibships began responding to each cue at the same developmental stage. MCH onset in A. spurrelli was associated with vestibular function onset, as indicated by measurements of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Indeed, the first <em>A. spurrelli</em> embryos to show MCH had VOR amplitudes similar to those previously found for <em>A. callidryas</em> at the onset of MCH. These results indicate that low escape-hatching success in <em>A. spurrelli</em> is not caused by a relative delay in the onset of vestibular mechanosensory function, rejecting our initial hypothesis; the developmental timing of vestibular mechanosensing and its role in predator-induced hatching appears conserved. Our observations of both higher escape success of larger clutches in snake attacks and hatching complications in flooded A. spurrelli suggest, instead, that differences in egg capsule and clutch structure may contribute to species differences in escape-hatching success.</p>
Data from: To hatch and hatch not: Rejecting the hypothesis that heterochrony in vestibular mechanosensing explains poor escape-hatching success of Agalychnis spurrelli in snake attacks compared with its congener A. callidryas
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FIGURE 6 in A new red-eyed treefrog of Agalychnis (Anura: Hylidae: Phyllomedusinae) from middle Magdalena River valley of Colombia with comments on its phylogenetic position
FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution of Agalychnis terranova sp. nov. Sonsón, Antioquia, type locality (star); Yacopí, Cundinamarca (circle); Puerto Parra, Santander (square); San Vicente del Chucurí (pentagon).
FIGURE 3 in A new red-eyed treefrog of Agalychnis (Anura: Hylidae: Phyllomedusinae) from middle Magdalena River valley of Colombia with comments on its phylogenetic position
FIGURE 3. Agalychnis terranova sp. nov. (ICN 42966, paratype, adult male in life, SVL 46.9 mm). Photo: P. Ruiz-Carranza.
FIGURE 5 in A new red-eyed treefrog of Agalychnis (Anura: Hylidae: Phyllomedusinae) from middle Magdalena River valley of Colombia with comments on its phylogenetic position
FIGURE 5. Agalychnis terranova sp. nov. (MHUA-L 0199–1, tadpole in life on stage 32. (A) Lateral view; (B) dorsal view, scale bar = 5 mm; (C) oral disc, scale bar = 1mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new red-eyed treefrog of Agalychnis (Anura: Hylidae: Phyllomedusinae) from middle Magdalena River valley of Colombia with comments on its phylogenetic position
FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral view of Agalychnis terranova sp. nov. (MHUA-A 7316, holotype, adult male, SVL 47.9 mm)
FIGURE 4 in A new red-eyed treefrog of Agalychnis (Anura: Hylidae: Phyllomedusinae) from middle Magdalena River valley of Colombia with comments on its phylogenetic position
FIGURE 4. Agalychnis terranova sp. nov. (ICN 42970, paratype, adult male). (A) Head in lateral view; (B) head in dorsal view; (C) left hand in ventral view; (D) left foot in ventral view. Scale bar = 5mm. Drawings: M. Rivera-Correa
FIGURE 1 in A new red-eyed treefrog of Agalychnis (Anura: Hylidae: Phyllomedusinae) from middle Magdalena River valley of Colombia with comments on its phylogenetic position
FIGURE 1. Bayesian consensus tree showing inferred evolutionary relationships within Phyllomedusinae and the phylogenetic position of Agalychnis terranova sp. nov. Bayesian support on nodes is shown as posterior probabilities and circles represent posterior probabilities of 1.0. We included as outgroups representatives of Dendropsophus, Litoria and Hypsiboas. We used Dendropsophus ebraccatus to root trees. Dendropsophus and Hypsiboas, not shown.
FIGURE 7 in A new red-eyed treefrog of Agalychnis (Anura: Hylidae: Phyllomedusinae) from middle Magdalena River valley of Colombia with comments on its phylogenetic position
FIGURE 7. Agalychnis terranova sp. nov. at rest. Note the gold reticulated palpebral membrane characteristic of species of the Agalychnis callidryas group. Specimen not collected of Middle Magdalena River valley. Photo: Alejandro Campuzano.
Population structure and dynamics, breeding activity and phenology of the blue-sided treefrog (Agalychnis annae)
<p>Agalychnis annae is a species endemic to Costa Rica and Panama with populations shrinking or disappearing from several locations. We studied the reproduction of a relict population of A. annae in a 1,300 m2 natural pond in Costa Rica during 2007–2008. We marked adults with a visible implant alphanumeric tag injected in the thigh. We measured reproductive effort considering calling males per night and per hour, number of pairs in amplexus, and number of egg masses. We summed 366 individual observations: 57% juveniles, 39% adult males and 4% adult females. Average SVL was 29 mm (juveniles), 63 mm (males) and 78 mm (females). Sex ratio (males:females) was 4.85:1, while operational sex ratio varied between 1–6 males per female when both sexes were present at the pond. Maximum estimated census population size varied between 27 and 59 individuals, with a Ne = 43.11. Calling activity occurred mostly from 1800 h – 2000 h, and we counted 65 egg masses. Number of adults and calling males were positively correlated with accumulated rainfall and average temperature. Number of egg masses was positively correlated with the number of adults, accumulated rainfall, and average temperature. The causes of the long-term population decline must be identified to conserve A. annae and similar species, as well as establishing long-term monitoring programs. Required conservation actions include: translocation individuals from risky areas, creation of artificial ponds to increase ecological connectivity, elimination of introduced species, particularly in small habitat remnants, and establishment of ex situ conservation programs.</p>
FIGURA 9 in Tamaño Poblacional, Uso Del Hábitat Y Relaciones Interespecíficas De Agalychnis Spurrelli (Anura: Hylidae) En Un Bosque Húmedo Tropical Remanente Del Noroccidente De Ecuador
FIGURA 9: (A) Momento en que Leptodeira septentrionalis captura un individuo metamórfico de A. spurrelli, la noche del 29 de junio de 2006, y (B) se alimenta de una puesta de huevos, la noche del 14 de febrero de 2007, en la Laguna del Diablo, noroccidente Ecuador. Fotografías: H. Mauricio Ortega-Andrade.
FIGURA 5 in Tamaño Poblacional, Uso Del Hábitat Y Relaciones Interespecíficas De Agalychnis Spurrelli (Anura: Hylidae) En Un Bosque Húmedo Tropical Remanente Del Noroccidente De Ecuador
FIGURA 5: Distribución vertical de individuos de Agalychnis spurrelli en dos épocas de muestreo en la localidad de la Laguna del diablo, Cabo San Francisco, Noroccidente de Ecuador. Nomenclatura para edades: Adultos (Adu), metamórficos (Met), juveniles (Juv).
FIGURA 8 in Tamaño Poblacional, Uso Del Hábitat Y Relaciones Interespecíficas De Agalychnis Spurrelli (Anura: Hylidae) En Un Bosque Húmedo Tropical Remanente Del Noroccidente De Ecuador
FIGURA 8: Frecuencia relativa en el número de individuos de las cuatro especies más abundantes durante el monitoreo 2006-2007, en 17 secciones de la Laguna del Diablo, Noroccidente de Ecuador.
FIGURA 6 in Tamaño Poblacional, Uso Del Hábitat Y Relaciones Interespecíficas De Agalychnis Spurrelli (Anura: Hylidae) En Un Bosque Húmedo Tropical Remanente Del Noroccidente De Ecuador
FIGURA 6: Porcentajes de individuos de Agalychnis spurrelli asociados a ocho sustratos en el hábitat de estudio, Laguna del Diablo, Cabo San Francisco, Noroccidente de Ecuador.
FIGURA 4 in Tamaño Poblacional, Uso Del Hábitat Y Relaciones Interespecíficas De Agalychnis Spurrelli (Anura: Hylidae) En Un Bosque Húmedo Tropical Remanente Del Noroccidente De Ecuador
FIGURA 4: Proyecciones del número de individuos observados y esperados para una población adultos (A-B) y metamórficos (C-D) de Agalychnis spurrelli calculados con los estimadores Mao Tau y de Cobertura Basado en Incidencia (ICE), en la localidad de Laguna del Diablo, Noroccidente de Ecuador. Se detallan los intervalos de confianza (IC) con una significancia del 95%, y la desviación estándar (SD) como medida de varianza.
FIGURA 2 in Tamaño Poblacional, Uso Del Hábitat Y Relaciones Interespecíficas De Agalychnis Spurrelli (Anura: Hylidae) En Un Bosque Húmedo Tropical Remanente Del Noroccidente De Ecuador
FIGURA 2: Macho adulto de Agalychnis spurrelli, Laguna del Diablo, Noroccidente de Ecuador. Fotografía: H. Mauricio Ortega-Andrade.
FIGURA 1 in Tamaño Poblacional, Uso Del Hábitat Y Relaciones Interespecíficas De Agalychnis Spurrelli (Anura: Hylidae) En Un Bosque Húmedo Tropical Remanente Del Noroccidente De Ecuador
FIGURA 1: Ubicación del área de estudio (A), secciones de muestreo (B), perfil longitudinal (C) y transversal (D) de la Laguna del Diablo, San Francisco del Cabo, Noroccidente de Ecuador.
FIGURA 7 in Tamaño Poblacional, Uso Del Hábitat Y Relaciones Interespecíficas De Agalychnis Spurrelli (Anura: Hylidae) En Un Bosque Húmedo Tropical Remanente Del Noroccidente De Ecuador
FIGURA 7: Patrones de solapamiento de nicho evaluado a nivel de distribución vertical, sustratos, estrategias reproductivas, modos reproductivos y tamaños corporales entre nueve especies de anuros estudiados en la Laguna del Diablo, Noroccidente de Ecuador.
FIGURA 3 in Tamaño Poblacional, Uso Del Hábitat Y Relaciones Interespecíficas De Agalychnis Spurrelli (Anura: Hylidae) En Un Bosque Húmedo Tropical Remanente Del Noroccidente De Ecuador
FIGURA 3: Registros de densidad (A) y abundancia (B) de Agalychnis spurrelli por categoría de edad durante 12 sesiones de muestreo en la Laguna del Diablo, Noroccidente de Ecuador. La codificación hace referencia al mes y día de muestreo a partir de abril (A) de 2006 hasta abril de 2007. Las flechas verticales indican los días en los cuales se reportó lluvias, expresadas en mm. SD = Sin identificación de su sexo.
FIGURA 9 in Agalychnis spurrelli Boulenger (Anura, Hylidae): variación, distribución y sinonimia
FIGURA 9: Distribución de Agalychnis spurrelli en América. Círculos blancos son registros de literatura (Duellman 2001a, b, Savage 2002); triángulos son las nuevas localidades reportadas para A. spurrelli en Ecuador: 1. San Lorenzo; 2. Reserva Biológica Canandé; 3. Estero Aguacate; 4. Laguna del Diablo; 5. Estación Biológica Bilsa; 6. 9 km W. vía San Miguel de los Bancos-Puerto Quito; 7. Viche; 8. Km al norte de Chindul; 9. Estero Ancho. Líneas cortadas limitan altitudes de hasta 1000 metros.
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