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10 results for “Age-specific effects”
Age-specific effects of deletions: Implications for ageing theories
<p><span>Evolution of ageing requires mutations with late-life deleterious effects. Classic theories assume these mutations either have neutral (Mutation Accumulation) or beneficial (Antagonistic Pleiotropy) effects early in life, but it is also possible that they start out as mildly harmful and gradually become more deleterious with age. Despite a wealth of studies on the genetics of ageing, we still have a poor understanding of how common mutations with age-specific effects are and what ageing theory they support. To advance our knowledge on this topic we measure a set of genomic deletions for their heterozygous effects on juvenile performance, fecundity at three ages, and adult survival. Most deletions have age-specific effects, and these are commonly harmful late in life. Many of the deletions assayed here would thus contribute to ageing if present in a population. Taking only age-specific fecundity into account, some deletions support Antagonistic Pleiotropy, but the majority of them better fit a scenario where their negative effects on fecundity become progressively worse with age. Most deletions have a negative effect on juvenile performance, a fact which strengthens the conclusion that deletions primarily contribute to ageing through negative effects that amplify with age.</span></p>
On ageing and age-specific effects of spontaneous mutations
<p>Evolutionary theories of ageing assume causal mutations either have beneficial early-life effects which gradually become deleterious with advancing age (antagonistic pleiotropy: AP) or mutations that only have deleterious effects at old age (mutation accumulation: MA). Mechanistically, ageing is predicted to result from damage accumulating in the soma. While this scenario is compatible with AP, it is not immediately obvious how damage would accumulate under MA. In a modified version of the MA theory, it has been suggested that mutations with weakly deleterious effects at young age can also contribute to ageing, if they generate damage that gradually accumulates with age. Mutations with increasing deleterious effects have recently gained support from theoretical work and studies of large-effect mutations. Here we address if spontaneous mutations also have negative effects that increase with age. We accumulate mutations with early-life effects in <em>Drosophila</em> <em>melanogaster</em> across 27 generations and compare their relative effects on fecundity early and late in life. Our mutation accumulation lines on average have substantially lower early-life fecundity compared to controls. These effects were further maintained throughout life, but they did not increase with age. Our results thus suggest that most spontaneous mutations do not contribute to damage accumulation and ageing.</p>
Figure 6 The age-specific predation rate k in Long-term effects of saffron pollen on development, reproduction and predation capacity of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Figure 6 The age-specific predation rate k (x), and age-specific net predation rateqx() of Neoseiulus cucumeris when fed on saffron pollen for 10 and 20 generations (G10, G20) then switched toTetrany-
Age-specific effects of deletions: Implications for ageing theories
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On ageing and age-specific effects of spontaneous mutations
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Host species and age-specific variation on Hepatozoon prevalence and its effect on body condition in two Neotropical crocodiles
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Data from: Disentangling the effects of environmental conditions on wintering and breeding grounds on age-specific survival rates in a trans-Saharan migratory raptor
Migratory species are subject to environmental variability occurring on breeding and wintering grounds. Estimating the relative contribution of environmental factors experienced sequentially during breeding and wintering, and their potential interaction, to the variation of survival is crucial to predict population viability of migratory species. Here we investigated this issue for the Montagu's harrier Circus pygargus, a trans-Saharan migrant. We analysed capture-recapture data from a 29-yr long monitoring of wing-tagged offspring and adults at two study sites in France (Rochefort-RO & Maine-et-Loire-ML). The study period covers a climatic shift occurring in the Sahel with increasing rainfall following a period of droughts (Sahel greening). We found that harriers' adult survival in RO (between 1988 and 2005) varied over time and was sensitive to the interaction between the amount of rainfall in the Sahel and the annual mean breeding success, two proxies of prey availability. The occurrence of adverse conditions on breeding and wintering grounds in the same year decreased survival from 0.70-0.77 to 0.48 ± 0.05. Juvenile survival in RO was slightly more sensitive to conditions in Europe than in the Sahel. Unexpectedly, lower survival rates were found in years with higher mean breeding success, suggesting compensatory density feedbacks may operate. By contrast, adult survival in ML, monitored between 1999 and 2017, was higher compared to RO (0.76 ± 0.03 vs. 0.66 ± 0.02), remained constant and unaffected by any proxy of prey availability. This difference seems consistent with the fact that harriers in ML experienced better and especially less variable environmental conditions during breeding and wintering seasons compared to RO. Overall, we showed that survival of a migratory bird is sensitive to the level of variability in environmental conditions and that adverse conditions on wintering grounds can amplify the negative effects of conditions during the previous breeding season on birds' survival.
Data from: Disentangling the effects of environmental conditions on wintering and breeding grounds on age-specific survival rates in a trans-Saharan migratory raptor
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No evidence of early life resource pulse effects on age-specific variation in survival, reproduction and body mass of female Siberian flying squirrels
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Data from: No effect of partner age and lifespan on female age-specific reproductive performance in blue tits
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.