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24 results for “Aggressive interaction”
Fig. 3 in Water temperature affects aggressive interactions in a Neotropical cichlid fish
Fig. 3. Mean ± SE of initial (third day) and final (eighth day) frequencies of a. restrained aggression and b. overt aggression of group-housed fish. Different letters show differences among treatments. Mixed Model ANOVA completed by Fisher-LSD post hoc test.
Data from: Aggressive interactions influence cognitive performance in Western Australian magpies
<p>Extensive research has investigated the relationship between the social environment and cognition, suggesting that social complexity may drive cognitive evolution and development. However, evidence for this relationship remains equivocal. Group size is often used as a measure of social complexity, but this may not capture intraspecific variation in social interactions. Social network analysis can provide insight into the cognitively demanding challenges associated with group-living at the individual-level. Here, we use social networks to investigate whether the cognitive performance of wild Western Australian magpies (<em>Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis</em>) is related to group size and individual social connectedness. We quantified social connectedness using four interaction types: proximity, affiliative, agonistic, and vocal. Consistent with previous research on this species, individuals in larger groups performed better on an associative learning task. However, social network position was also related to cognitive performance. Individuals receiving aggressive interactions performed better, while those involved in aggressive interactions with more group members performed worse. Overall, this suggests that cognitive performance is related to specific types of social interaction. The findings from this study highlight the value of considering fine-grained metrics of sociality that capture the challenges associated with social life when testing the relationship between the social environment and cognition.</p>
Fig. 1 in Environmental enrichment reduces aggression of pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, during resident-intruder interactions
Fig. 1. Effect of environmental enrichment on aggressive interactions in pairs of pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis. Aggression was studied in the resident fish's territory. The graphic shows median, quartiles, and minimum and maximum values. * denotes statistical difference between values within a same enrichment condition (p <0.05; Wilcoxon test) and between resident fish (p <0.05; Mann-Whitney U test). # denotes statistical difference between value for intruder fish (p <0.05; Mann-Whitney U test).
Data from: Aggressive interactions influence cognitive performance in Western Australian magpies
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Data from: Influences of species interactions with aggressive ants and habitat filtering on nest colonization and community composition of arboreal twig-nesting ants
Ant community assembly is driven by many factors including species interactions (e.g. competition, predation, parasitism), habitat filtering (e.g. vegetation differences, food and nesting resources), and dispersal. Canopy ant communities, including dominant and twig-nesting ants, are structured by all these different factors, but we know less about the impacts of species interactions and habitat filters acting at the colonization or recruitment stage. We examined occupation of artificial twig nests placed in shade trees in coffee agroecosystems. We asked whether species interactions -- aggression from the dominant canopy ant, Azteca sericeasur (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) -- or habitat filtering -- species of tree where nests were placed, tree size, or surrounding vegetation -- influence colonization, species richness, and community composition of twig-nesting ants. We found 20 species of ants occupying artificial nests. Nest occupation was lower on trees with A. sericeasur, but did not differ depending on tree species or surrounding vegetation. Yet, there were species-specific differences in occupation depending on A. sericeasur presence and tree species. Ant species richness did not vary with A. sericeasur presence or tree species. Community composition varied with A. sericeasur presence, tree height, and surrounding vegetation. Our results suggest that species interactions with dominant ants are important determinants of colonization and community composition of twig-nesting ants. Habitat filtering by tree species did not affect twig-nesting ants, but changes in tree size or coffee management may contribute to differences in community composition with important implications for ant conservation in agricultural landscapes, as well as biological control of coffee pests.
Data from: Influences of species interactions with aggressive ants and habitat filtering on nest colonization and community composition of arboreal twig-nesting ants
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Aggressive interactions between cavity nesting birds in SE QLD Australia
<p>1. Context: A mechanistic understanding of the drivers of competition between species at a community level can improve invasive species management by helping identify where and when impacts are likely to be greatest. Invasive cavity-breeding birds provide a way to test shared traits and resource requirements are related to intensity of competition. Australia is home to one of the richest cavity-nesting communities globally with over 100 native and introduced bird species requiring hollows: but the impact of invasive species on most native communities is not well understood. <br> 2. Methods: We examined aggressive interactions between birds in large hollow-bearing trees. To explore the drivers of aggression, we explored whether more similarly sized birds interacted more frequently, whether larger species won aggressive interactions more often, and whether cavity-breeding species with similar preferences for nesting sites (breeding niche space) interacted more frequently. <br> 3. Results: We recorded a total of 48 bird species of which 20 are cavity-nesters, and 410 aggressive interactions. These interaction networks are dominated by the invasive common myna, the native noisy miner (a non-cavity-breeder), and the native rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus), but the common myna won the largest total number of interspecific interactions. While on average larger birds won aggressive interactions more frequently, there were some important exceptions to this finding; the common myna (113 ± 30 g) won more interactions (26 interactions won) against the larger native rainbow lorikeet (126 ± 44 g; 3 interactions won). Among the cavity-breeding birds, species with more similar nest-site preferences were observed interacting more frequently. <br> 4. Synthesis and applications: The impact of the invasive common myna on the cavity-nesting community is greatest for species that are close to the common myna in body size and share nest site preferences in tree hollows. Myna control efforts should focus on birds that nest in natural tree hollows. Additionally, cavity-nesting species are not immune from the impact of native noisy-miner aggression. <br> </p>
Data from: Cannibalism as an interacting phenotype: pre-cannibalistic aggression is influenced by social partners in the endangered Socorro isopod (Thermosphaeroma thermophilum)
Models for the evolution of cannibalism highlight the importance of asymmetries between individuals in initiating cannibalistic attacks. Studies may include measures of body size but typically group individuals into size/age classes or compare populations. Such broad comparisons may obscure the details of interactions that ultimately determine how socially contingent characteristics evolve. We propose that understanding cannibalism is facilitated by using an interacting phenotypes perspective that includes the influences of the phenotype of a social partner on the behaviour of a focal individual and focuses on variation in individual pairwise interactions. We investigated how relative body size, a composite trait between a focal individual and its social partner, and the sex of the partners influenced precannibalistic aggression in the endangered Socorro isopod, Thermosphaeroma thermophilum. We also investigated whether differences in mating interest among males and females influenced cannibalism in mixed sex pairs. We studied these questions in three populations that differ markedly in range of body size and opportunities for interactions among individuals. We found that relative body size influences the probability of and latency to attack. We observed differences in the likelihood of and latency to attack based on both an individual's sex and the sex of its partner but found no evidence of sexual conflict. The instigation of precannibalistic aggression in these isopods is therefore a property of both an individual and its social partner. Our results suggest that interacting phenotype models would be improved by incorporating a new conditional ψ, which describes the strength of a social partner's influence on focal behaviour.
Data from: Interacting with the enemy: indirect effects of personality on conspecific aggression in crickets
In animal contests, individuals respond plastically to the phenotypes of the opponents that they confront. These "opponent"—or "indirect"—effects are often repeatable, for example, certain opponents consistently elicit more or less aggressiveness in others. "Personality" (repeatable among-individual variation in behavior) has been proposed as an important source of indirect effects. Here, we repeatedly assayed aggressiveness of wild-caught adult male field crickets Gryllus campestris in staged dyadic fights, measuring aggressiveness of both contestants. Measurements of their personality in nonsocial contexts (activity and exploration behavior) enabled us to ask whether personality caused indirect effects on aggressiveness. Activity, exploration, and aggressiveness were positively associated into a behavioral syndrome eliciting aggressiveness in conspecifics, providing direct evidence for the role of personality in causing indirect effects. Our findings imply that a multivariate view of phenotypes that includes indirect effects greatly improves our ability to understand the ecology and evolution of behavior.
Aggressive interactions among white-tailed deer and their impact on the use of 4-poster devices for host-targeted tick control
<p>Spreadsheet of data transcribed from images of deer and non-target wildlife with coded behaviors used in the manuscript "Aggressive interactions among white-tailed deer and their impact on the use of 4-poster devices for host-targeted tick control". Data involves cameras placed at three sites in Maryland 2016-2017.</p>
Territorial aggression and coexistence in hybridizing Campylorhynchus: Disentangling the roles of climate, resource availability, and species interactions in Western Ecuador
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Aggressive interactions between cavity nesting birds in SE QLD Australia
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Data from: Cannibalism as an interacting phenotype: pre-cannibalistic aggression is influenced by social partners in the endangered Socorro isopod (Thermosphaeroma thermophilum)
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Data from: Interacting with the enemy: indirect effects of personality on conspecific aggression in crickets
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Fig. 2 in Water temperature affects aggressive interactions in a Neotropical cichlid fish
Fig. 2. Mean ± SE of initial (third day) and final (eighth day) frequencies of a. restrained aggression and b. overt aggression of isolated fish against the mirror for Cichlasoma paranaense. Different letters show differences among treatments. Mixed Model ANOVA completed by Fisher-LSD post hoc test.
Fig. 1 in Water temperature affects aggressive interactions in a Neotropical cichlid fish
Fig. 1. Mean ± SE of initial (third day) and final (eighth day) latency of swimming activity of isolated fish Cichlasoma paranaense. Different letters indicate statistical significance among treatments. Mixed Model ANOVA completed by Fisher-LSD post hoc test.
Data from: Relatedness and age reduce aggressive male interactions over mating in domestic fowl
Altruistic behaviour represents a fundamental challenge in evolutionary biology. It is often best understood through kin selection, where favourable behaviour is directed towards relatives. Kin selection can take place when males cooperate to enhance the reproductive success of relatives. Here, we focus on reduced male–male competition over mating as a case of cooperation, by examining male tolerance of matings by related and unrelated competitors. A suitable model for exploring whether relatedness affects male–male interactions over mating is the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus. In this species, males form social hierarchies and dominant males commonly interrupt subdominant males' copulation attempts. We investigated whether dominant male fowl differentially direct aggressive interactions towards unrelated and related subordinate males during mating attempts. Dominant male fowl were found to interrupt mating attempts of male relatives less often than those of unrelated males. We further tested whether male age mediates the magnitude of kin tolerance behaviour. However, we found no support for this as both young and old dominant males were less likely to interrupt related, compared to unrelated, subdominant males' copulations during male–male interactions. Our results, consistent with kin selection, provide a rare experimental demonstration of relatedness relaxing male–male competition over mating.
Data for: An aggressive non-consumptive effect mediates pest control and multi-predator interactions in a coffee agroecosystem
<p class="MsoNormal">Natural pest control is an alternative to pesticide use in agriculture, which may help to curb insect declines and promote crop production. Non-consumptive interactions in natural pest control, which historically have received far less attention than consumptive interactions, may have distinct impacts on pest damage suppression and may also mediate positive multi-predator interactions. Additionally, when non-consumptive effects are driven by natural enemy aggression, variation in alternative resources for enemies may impact the strength of pest control. Here we study control of the coffee berry borer (CBB), <em>Hypothenemus hampei</em>, by a keystone arboreal ant species, <em>Azteca sericeasur</em>, which exhibits a non-consumptive effect on CBB by throwing them off coffee plants. We conducted two experiments to investigate: 1) if the strength of this behavior is driven by spatial or temporal variability in scale insect density (an alternative resource which <em>Azteca</em> tends for honeydew), 2) if this behavior mediates positive interactions between <em>Azteca</em> and other ground-foraging ants, and 3) the effect this behavior has on the overall suppression of CBB damage in multi-predator scenarios. Our behavioral experiment showed that nearly all interactions between <em>Azteca</em> and CBB are non-consumptive and that this behavior occurs more frequently in the dry season and with higher densities of scale insects on coffee branches. Our multi-predator experiment revealed that borers thrown off coffee plants by <em>Azteca</em> can survive and potentially damage other nearby plants but may be suppressed by ground-foraging ants. Although we found no non-additive effects between <em>Azteca</em> and ground-foraging ants on overall CBB damage, together, both species resulted in the lowest level of plant damage with the subsequent reduction in "spillover" damage caused by thrown CBB, indicating spatial complementarity between predators. These results present a unique case of natural pest control, where damage suppression is driven almost exclusively by non-consumptive natural enemy aggression, as opposed to consumption or prey behavioral changes. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the variability that may occur in non-consumptive pest control interactions when natural enemy aggressive behavior is impacted by alternative resources, and also show how these non-consumptive effects can mediate positive interactions between natural enemies to enhance overall crop damage reduction.</p>
Data from: Relatedness and age reduce aggressive male interactions over mating in domestic fowl
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Data from: Revisiting the influence of aggressive interactions on the survival of the first-laid egg in crested penguins (genus Eudyptes)
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