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12 results for “Agkistrodon”
Agkistrodon piscivorus (Viperidae) - whole organism
Image of Agkistrodon piscivorus (Viperidae) - whole organism
Agkistrodon contortrix (Viperidae) - whole organism - unspecified
Image of Agkistrodon contortrix (Viperidae) - whole organism - unspecified
Agkistrodon contortrix (Viperidae) - whole organism - unspecified
Image of Agkistrodon contortrix (Viperidae) - whole organism - unspecified
Data from: Considering gene flow when using coalescent methods to delimit lineages of North American pitvipers of the genus Agkistrodon
Examining species diversity and mechanisms of speciation using coalescent models provides a framework for how regional diversity is accrued, even in well-studied areas such as the Nearctic. It is likely, that gene flow among closely-related species with adjacent distributions may be common. However, the absence of gene flow is a primary assumption of many phylogeographical methods that produce species trees and delimit species using Bayesian or likelihood functions in a coalescent framework. In the present study, we examine delimitation when gene flow between species is present using empirical datasets from two species of North American pitvipers of the genus Agkistrodon. We also use niche modelling to determine whether these young lineages occur in distinct environmental niches. To manage the problem of gene flow between species, we first identify admixed individuals, demonstrate that gene flow has occurred, and then identify the impact of alternative population assignments of admixed individuals on delimitation posterior probabilities. In addition, we examine the influence of mitochondrial genes relative to other loci combined in coalescent analyses that delimit species. Here, we find that the copperheads (Agkistrodon contortrix) and the cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) are each composed of two distinct species, with each occupying different niches. Importantly, we find that species can be delimited when the amount of gene flow between lineages is low, although the methods are acutely sensitive to population assignment of individuals.
Figure 2 in Considering gene flow when using coalescent methods to delimit lineages of North American pitvipers of the genus Agkistrodon
Figure 2. Species tree showing the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Agkistrodon implemented in *BEAST (Heled & Drummond, 2010). Posterior probability support for nodes is indicated above branches. The guide trees used for subsequent species delimitation in BPP (Yang & Rannala, 2010) are shown in the insets.
Figure 3 in Considering gene flow when using coalescent methods to delimit lineages of North American pitvipers of the genus Agkistrodon
Figure 3. Posterior probability of speciation inferred by BPP, version 2.0 (Yang & Rannala, 2010) with an increasing proportion of hybrids included in the dataset for Agkistrodon contortrix (A) and Agkistrodon piscivorus (B). Results are shown for both species with hybrids assigned to the population that contributed the majority of alleles with a fully resolved starting tree (1) and a fully collapsed starting tree (0), as well as hybrids assigned to the population that contributed the minority of alleles with both starting trees.
Figure 1 in Considering gene flow when using coalescent methods to delimit lineages of North American pitvipers of the genus Agkistrodon
Figure 1. Map of the USA showing the sampling localities and distribution of inferred lineages of Agkistrodon contortrix (A) and Agkistrodon piscivorus (B). The distribution of both species is indicated by a bold outline. The key to the right of each map indicates the population membership of individuals and also identifies admixture in individuals.
Figure 4 in Considering gene flow when using coalescent methods to delimit lineages of North American pitvipers of the genus Agkistrodon
Figure 4. Niche predictions for each species of the Agkistrodon contortrix complex with hybrids included in training the model (A), Agkistrodon contortrix complex with hybrids excluded (B), Agkistrodon piscivorus complex with hybrids included in training the model (C), Agkistrodon piscivorus complex with hybrids excluded (D), and East and Central lineages of Agkistrodon contortrix inferred by mtDNA (E). The distribution of colubriod samples obtained from the Herpnet database used to correct for sampling bias is shown in (F). Overlap between predicted suitable habitat is indicated by the darkest intermediate shade.
Figure 5 in Considering gene flow when using coalescent methods to delimit lineages of North American pitvipers of the genus Agkistrodon
Figure 5. The distribution of species within the Agkistrodon contortrix complex (A) and Agkistrodon piscivorus complex (B) inferred by Bayesian species delimitation. Putative hybrids zones are identified with cross-hatches. Distributions are adapted from Gloyd & Conant (1990) and the results from ecological niche modelling.
Data from: Considering gene flow when using coalescent methods to delimit lineages of North American pitvipers of the genus Agkistrodon
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Data from: Phylogentic analysis of serine proteases from Russell's viper (Daboia russelli siamensis) and Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma venom
Serine proteases are widely found in snake venoms. They have variety of functions including contributions to hemostasis. In this study, five serine protease were cloned and characterized from two different cDNA libraries. Factor V activator (RVV-V), alpha fibrinogenase (RVAF) and beta fibrinogenase (RVBF) from Russell's viper (Daboia russelli siamensis), and plasminogen activator (APL-PA) and protein C activator (APL-C) from Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma. The snake venom serine proteases were clustered in phylogenetic tree according to their functions. KA/KS values suggested that accelerated evolution has occurred in the mature protein-coding regions in cDNAs of snake venom serine proteases.
Data from: Phylogentic analysis of serine proteases from Russell’s viper (Daboia russelli siamensis) and Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma venom
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