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Fig. 18. A in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

Fig. 18. A. Macrorhynchia phoenicea (Busk, 1852), hydrotheca from sample MNHN-IK-2015-510. — B–D. Macrorhynchia disjuncta (Pictet, 1893), portion of stem (B), hydrotheca (C) and phylactocarp with gonotheca (D) from sample MNHN-IK-2015-513. Scale bars: A–C = 200 µm; D = 500 µm.

Fig. 14 in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

Fig. 14. Lytocarpia pilosa sp. nov., from sample MNHN-IK-2015-524. A–C. Portion of stem seen frontally (A) and basally (B), and detached pseudophylactocarp (C). D. Hydrotheca. E. Costa of corbula. Scale bars: A–C, E = 500 µm; D = 200 µm.

Fig. 15 in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

Fig. 15. Lytocarpia pseudoctenata sp. nov. A. Portion of stem. B–D. Hydrotheca (B) and details of its basal (C) and distal (D) parts, all seen laterally. E–F. Portion of the rachis of corbula, and costa with gonotheca (F). From samples MNHN-IK-2015-527 (C–D) and MNHN-IK-2015-528 (A–B, E–F). Scale bars: A, F = 500 µm; B–E = 200 µm.

Fig. 12. A–C in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

Fig. 12. A–C. Lytocarpia fragilis sp. nov, fertile colony (A) and details of a corbula (B–C), all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-523 (holotype). — D–F. Lytocarpia pilosa sp. nov., fertile colony (D), portion of stem, showing proximal parts of pseudophylactocarps (E), and corbula (F), all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-524 (holotype). — G–H. Lytocarpia pseudoctenata sp. nov., fertile colony (G) and corbula (H), all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-527 (holotype). Scale bars: A, D = 1 cm; B, H = 1 mm; C, E = 500 µm; F = 2 mm; G = 2 cm.

Fig. 10 in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

Fig. 10. Gymnangium expansum (Jäderholm, 1903). A. Diagrammatic illustration of the mode of branching of the stem: main (m. t.) and accessory (a. t.) tubes, primary (p. b.) and secondary (s. b.) branches with cladia. B–C. Stem internode with gonotheca (B) and detail (C), showing the nematotheca associated to the hydrocladial apophysis. Hydrothecae in lateral (D–E) and frontal (F) views, and detail of their base (G). H–K. Nematothecae: mesial with bifid (H) and quintuple (I) aperture; lateral with simple (J) and bifid (K) apertures. From samples MNHN-IK-2015-515 (B, C, E, G, H, J) and MNHN-IK-2015-516 (D, F, I, K). Scale bars: B, D–F = 200 µm; C, G–K = 100 µm.

Fig. 11. A in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

Fig. 11. A. Lytocarpia brevirostris (Busk, 1852), hydrotheca from sample MNHN-IK-2015-514. — B–K. Lytocarpia fragilis sp. nov., from sample MNHN-IK-2015-523. A–B. Portions of stems in frontal (B) and dorsal (C) aspects. D–G. Hydrotheca seen laterally (D) and frontally (E), and details of its basal (F) and distal (G) parts, both in lateral view. H–I. Distal part of mesial nematotheca seen frontally (H) and apically (I). J–K. Two corbulacostae. Scale bars: B = 500 µm; A, D–E, J–K = 200 µm; C, F–I = 100 µm.

Fig. 9 in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

Fig. 9. Cladocarpus pennatus sp. nov. (continued). A–E. Hydrothecae from different colonies seen in lateral view (A–D), to show variation in abaxial curvature, and proximalmost part of a hydrocladium seen frontally (E). F–G. Details of the basal (F) and distal (G) parts of a hydrotheca seen laterally. From samples MNHN-IK-2015-531 (C), MNHN-IK-2015-532 (A, E–G), MNHN-IK-2015-536 (D) and MNHN-IK-2015-539 (B). Scale bars: A–E = 200 µm; F–G = 100 µm.

Fig. 16. A in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

Fig. 16. A. Lytocarpia cf. spiralis (Totton, 1930), colony from sample MNHN-IK-2015-546. — B. Lytocarpia subtilis sp. nov., colony and corbula (insert) from sample MNHN-IK-2015-525 (holotype). — C–D. Macrorhynchia phoenicea (Busk, 1852) (C), from sample MNHN-IK-2015-512, compared to M. disjuncta (Pictet, 1893) (D), from sample MNHN-IK-2015-513. — E–G. Macrorhynchia spiralis sp. nov., colonies from samples MNHN-IK-2015-519 (E, holotype) and MNHN-IK-2015-520 (F, one paratype), and medusoid gonophore (G) from former sample. Scale bars: A = 3 cm; B–F = 1 cm; B (insert) = 1 mm; G = 100 µm.

Fig. 8 in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

Fig. 8. Cladocarpus pennatus sp. nov. (part). Portion of stem showing insertions of successive cladia (A) and details of apophysis with its associated nematothecae (B–C). Proximal portions of fertile cladia in frontal (D, with phylactocarp) and dorsal (E, phylactocarp on first cormidium not shown) aspects. Phylactocarp (F). Male (G) and female (H) gonothecae. Hydrotheca seen apically (I). From samples MNHN-IK-2015-532 (A–C), MNHN-IK-2015-533 (E, I), MNHN-IK-2015-537 (G) and MNHN-IK-2015-540 (D, F, H). Scale bars: G = 100 µm; A–F, H, I = 200 µm.

Fig. 7 in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

Fig. 7. Cladocarpus partitus sp. nov., from sample MNHN-IK-2015-529. Portions from proximal (A, seen frontally; B, seen laterally) and distal (C, with insertion of phylactocarp) parts of stem. Hydrotheca seen laterally (D) and frontally (E), and details of its basal (F) and distal (G) parts; mesial nematotheca (H) seen frontally (left) and apically (right); internal septa in an apical view of the hydrotheca (I). Distal end of phylactocarp with two gonothecae (J). Scale bars: A–C = 500 µm; D–G, J = 200 µm; H, I = 100 µm.

Fig. 2. Aglaophenia howensis Briggs, 1918 in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

Fig. 2. Aglaophenia howensis Briggs, 1918, from sample MNHN-IK-2015-544. A–B. Portion of a stem in frontal aspect (A) and of another stem in dorsal aspect (B). C–F. Two hydrothecae from one colony in lateral (C, F), frontal (D) and apical (E) views. G–I. A hydrotheca from another colony in lateral (G), frontal (H) and apical (I) aspects. Scale bars: A–H = 200 µm.

Fig. 1. A–B. Aglaophenia howensis Briggs, 1918 in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

Fig. 1. A–B. Aglaophenia howensis Briggs, 1918, fertile cormoid (A) and corbula (B), both from sample MNHN-IK-2015-544. — C. Aglaophenia sinuosa Bale, 1888, cormoid from sample MNHN- IK-2015-545. — D–E. Cladocarpus asymmetricus sp. nov., fertile cormoid (D) and phylactocarp (E) from sample MNHN-IK-2015-530 (holotype). — F. Cladocarpus keiensis Schuchert, 2003, colony from sample MNHN-IK-2015-534. Scale bars: F = 2 cm; A, C–D = 1 cm; E = 1 mm; B = 500 µm.

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FIGURE 3. a–c, Gymnangium hians. a in Notes on seven Aglaopheniids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands with three new records to India

FIGURE 3. a–c, Gymnangium hians. a, In-situ photo of colony at Paget Island. b, Gonothecae arranged in two rows on the hydrocaulus. c, associated bivalve, Pterelectroma physoides, attached to the main stem. d–f, Lytocarpia brevirostris. d, In-situ photo of colony at Sir Hugh Ross Island. e, Gonothecae borne on modified hydrocladia. f, Hydrocaulus showing cauline nematothecae. Scale bar, b, e= 2mm, c= 5mm, f= 200µm

FIGURE 1 in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from bathyal waters of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and Grand Banks of Newfoundland (NW Atlantic)

FIGURE 1. Distribution of the five aglaopheniid species in the study area. A) Aglaophenopsis cornuta (Verrill, 1879). B) Cladocarpus diana Broch, 1918. C) Cladocarpus formosus Allman, 1874. D) Cladocarpus integer (G.O. Sars, 1874). E) Nematocarpus ramuliferus (Allman, 1874). FC, Flemish Cap; FP, Flemish Pass; GB, Grand Banks.

FIGURE 6 in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from bathyal waters of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and Grand Banks of Newfoundland (NW Atlantic)

FIGURE 6. Nematocarpus ramuliferus (Allman, 1874). A) Hydrocladia; note abundance of ramuli and absence of gonothecae. B) Distal end of hydrocladium showing two thecate internodes and a ramulus. C, D) Distalmost hydrotheca of hydrocladium. E) Detail of a ramified ramulus with one hydrotheca; note abundance of internal septa. F) Mesial nematotheca from thecate internode. G) Ramified ramulus with one hydrotheca. H) Detail of a nematotheca from ramulus, showing proximal aperture. I) Distal end of ramulus showing terminal nematotheca with proximal, oval aperture. J) Gonothecae. Scale bar: A= 500 µm; B, D, G, J= 200 µm; C, E= 100 µm; F, H, I= 50 µm. A, F, J= NEREIDA0710 RD88; B–E, G–I= NEREIDA0610 RD64.

FIGURE 3. Cladocarpus diana Broch, 1918. A, B in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from bathyal waters of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and Grand Banks of Newfoundland (NW Atlantic)

FIGURE 3. Cladocarpus diana Broch, 1918. A, B) Hydrothecae. C) Detail of hydrothecal rim showing cusps; note that the first abcauline pair is almost blunt distally. D, E) Phylactocarps with gonothecae. F) Gonotheca in frontal view. G) Detail of a phylactocarp, showing internal septa. Scale bar: A, C, G= 200 µm; B, D, F= 500 µm; E= 1000 µm. A, B, E, F= NEREIDA0610 RD63; C, D, E, G= NEREIDA0610 RD67.

FIGURE 2 in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from bathyal waters of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and Grand Banks of Newfoundland (NW Atlantic)

FIGURE 2. Aglaophenopsis cornuta (Verrill, 1879). A) Detail of a hydrocladium, including distalmost thecate internode. B) Hydrotheca. C) Phylactocarp; note the two distal hydrothecae, one on each branch. D) Detail of a phylactocarp showing mesial nematothecae adjacent to hydrothecae (arrows); one of them is double. E–G) Gonothecae, one of them (F) in lateral view showing curvature. Scale bar: A, C, E–G= 500 µm; B, D= 200 µm. A, E–G= NEREIDA0810 RD104; B= PLA07 L99; C, D= NEREIDA0710 RD79.

FIGURE 5 in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from bathyal waters of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and Grand Banks of Newfoundland (NW Atlantic)

FIGURE 5. Cladocarpus integer (G.O. Sars, 1874). A) Colony. B) Detail of a hydrocladium. C, D) Hydrothecae; D corresponds to the distalmost cormoid. Note distinctive bulging into lumen of hydrocladium. E, F) Phylactocarps with gonothecae; note on the first thecate internode that there is a distinct gap between distal end of nematotheca and hydrothecal base. Scale bar: A= 5.0 cm; B, D, F= 500 µm; C= 200 µm; E= 1000 µm. A= PLA07 L75; B–F= PLA07 L61.

FIGURE 4. Cladocarpus formosus Allman, 1874. A–C in Aglaopheniid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from bathyal waters of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and Grand Banks of Newfoundland (NW Atlantic)

FIGURE 4. Cladocarpus formosus Allman, 1874. A–C) Hydrothecae. D) Detail of a hydrocladium. E, F) Phylactocarps; note in F that, on the first cormidium, a distinct gap exists between the distal end of the mesial nematotheca and the hydrothecal base; compare it with the following internode of the hydrocladium. G) Detail of a phylactocarp showing nematothecae. H) Gonotheca in frontal view, showing hood. Scale bar: A, B, C, G= 200 µm; D, F, H= 500 µm; E= 1000 µm. A= NEREIDA0610 RD74; B, F–H= NEREIDA0704 RD59; C–E= PLA07 L101.