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28 results for “Alarm calls”
Рис. 6. Контактно-тревожная позывка «перекΛичка» птенцов I. sinensis (a) и гибриΑных птиц (b) Fig. 6. Contact-alarm call "roll call" of I. sinensis nestlings (a) and hybrid birds (b) in Call repertoire of Bitterns Ixobrychus in Russian Far East
Рис. 6. Контактно-тревожная позывка «перекΛичка» птенцов I. sinensis (a) и гибриΑных птиц (b) Fig. 6. Contact-alarm call "roll call" of I. sinensis nestlings (a) and hybrid birds (b)
Nestling birds learn socially to eavesdrop on heterospecific alarm calls through acoustic association
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Data and code for "Decoding the chaffinch "rain" call: a specialized alarm signal for nest predation"
<p>Summary of the project : <br>The chaffinch *Fringilla coelebs* is a very common passerine in Europe. One of the chaffinche's vocalisations, called "rain-call", is very common and conspicuous, however, it's function is still not well understood. Three hypotheses have been postulated as to what chaffinches rain-call are for: (1) the rain-call could be used in territorial context by males as a substitute for the song when the bird is in stressful conditions, (2) the rain-call is an alarm call, and (3) the rain-call is a mate-directed signal for communication within the pair. We tested these three hypotheses using two playbacks and behavioural observations in the wild. <br>- In the first playback, we broadcasted rain-calls, chaffinch songs and the song of balckbirds as a control. We measured if chaffinch males reacted to rain-calls similarely to a simulated territorial intrusion. <br>- In the second playback, we simulated the presence of predators (hawk and crows, compared to a balckbird's song as a control) and observed if chaffinches started rain-calling. <br>- Third, we closely followed five chaffinch males in the field, and took good note of the social and environemental context of rain-calling behaviour. <br>We find that chaffinches did not react to rain-calls with the same agresive response than to territorial intrusion, wich does not support the hypothesis of a song substitute. We found that chaffinches started rain-calling consistently when we broadcasted predator calls, as well as when we saw real predators, which supports teh alarm call hypothesis. Finaly, we found that male chaffinches reain-called much more often when a femal chaffinch was around, which might hint that females are intended recievers of the rain-call alarm. <br>We provide here the complete dataset for all thre experiment as well as the R code used to run statistical analyses. Variables and software versions are described further.</p>
Visual obstruction, but not moderate traffic noise, increases reliance on heterospecific alarm calls
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Data from: The risk perception and response of Azure-winged magpies: On the aspect of feeding behaviour and alarm calls
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Data from: Proximity to human settlements can reduce vigilance, but increase alarm call responses in African antelopes
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Decoding the chaffinch "rain" call: A female-directed alarm call?
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Speedy revelations: how alarm calls can convey rapid, reliable information about urgent danger
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Data from: Why does noise reduce response to alarm calls? Experimental assessment of masking, distraction and greater vigilance in wild birds
1. Environmental noise from anthropogenic and other sources affects many aspects of animal ecology and behaviour, including acoustic communication. Acoustic masking is often assumed in field studies to be the cause of compromised communication in noise, but other mechanisms could have similar effects. 2. We tested experimentally how background noise disrupted the response to conspecific alarm calls in wild superb fairy-wrens, Malurus cyaneus, assessing the effects of acoustic masking, distraction and changes in vigilance. We first examined the birds' response to alarm-call playbacks accompanied by different amplitudes of background noise that overlapped the calls in acoustic frequency. We then scored and videoed their response to alarm calls in two types of background noise, that did or did not overlap call frequency, but were broadcast at a constant amplitude. 3. Birds were less likely to flee to alarm calls in higher amplitudes of overlapping noise, demonstrating that noise itself compromised communication independently of environmental correlates. Background noise affected the response only if it overlapped in frequency with the alarm calls, implying that the effect was not due to distraction. Further, birds were equally vigilant during background noise of overlapping or non-overlapping frequency, indicating that the lack of response to alarm calls in overlapping noise was not due to enhanced vigilance and awareness that there was no predator. 4. We conclude that alarm-call reception was compromised by masking, a mechanism that is often assumed but rarely tested in an ecological context. Masking compromised reception of high-frequency 'aerial' alarm calls and so could reduce survival in background noise of similar frequency. While anthropogenic noise, which is often of lower frequency, is unlikely to affect communication with these calls, it could affect reception of acoustic cues of danger, or other conspecific or heterospecific alarm calls.
Data from: Vocal characteristics of prairie dog alarm calls across an urban noise gradient
<p>Increasing anthropogenic noise is having a global impact on wildlife, particularly due to the masking of crucial acoustical communication. However, there have been few studies examining the impacts of noise exposure on communication in free-ranging terrestrial mammals. We studied alarm calls of black-tailed prairie dogs (<i>Cynomys ludovicianus</i>) across an urban gradient to explore vocal adjustment relative to different levels of noise exposure. There was no change in the frequency 5%, peak frequency or duration of the alarm calls across the noise gradient. However, the minimum frequency – a commonly used, yet potentially compromised metric – did indeed show a positive relationship with noise exposure. We suspect this is a result of masking of observable call properties by noise, rather than behavioural adjustment. In addition, the proximity of conspecifics and the distance to<span> </span><span><span>the perceived threat (observer)</span></span><span> did </span>affect the frequency 5% of alarm calls. These results reveal that prairie dogs do not appear to be adjusting their alarm calls in noisy environments but likely do in relation to their social context and the proximity of a predatory threat. Anthropogenic noise can elicit a range of behavioural and physiological responses across taxa, but elucidating the specific mechanisms driving these responses can be challenging, particularly as these are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Our research sheds light on how prairie dogs appear to respond to noise as a source of increased risk, rather than as a distraction or through acoustical masking as shown in other commonly studied species (e.g. fish, songbirds, marine mammals).</p>
Data from: Yellowtail damselfish Chrysiptera parasema can associate predation risk with the acoustic call of a heterospecific damselfish following pairing with conspecific alarm cues
<p>The ability to detect and respond to the presence of predation risk is under intense selection, especially for small-bodied fishes that coexist with predators. Fish use visual, olfactory, and auditory cues to assess predation risk. Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) use auditory vocalizations during inter- and intrasexual interactions, but it is not known if they can use vocalizations in the context of predator-prey interactions. Here, we test if yellowtail damselfish, <em>Chrysiptera parasema</em>, can learn to associate the territorial vocalization of heterospecific humbug damselfish <em>Dascyllus aruanus</em> with predation risk. In conditioning trials of yellowtail damselfish we played the territorial call of humbug damselfish while introducing either blank water (control treatment) or chemical alarm cue derived from damaged skin of conspecific yellowtail damselfish. In conditioning trials, fish exposed to alarm cue increased activity and spent more time in the water column relative to fish that received the control treatment. After a single conditioning trial, conditioned fish were exposed again to the territorial call. Fish conditioned with the call + alarm cue increased activity and time in the water column relative to fish that had been conditioned with the control treatment. These data indicate associative learning of an auditory stimulus with predation risk in a species that regularly uses auditory signaling in other contexts. Recordings of conditioning and test trials failed to detect any acoustic calls produced by test fish in response to the perception of predation risk. Thus, although yellowtail damselfish can associate risk with auditory stimuli, we found no evidence that they produce an alarm call.</p>
Data from: Superb fairy-wrens respond more to alarm calls from mate and kin compared to unrelated individuals
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Data from: Cooperative bird discriminates between individuals based purely on their aerial alarm calls
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Data from: Yellowtail damselfish Chrysiptera parasema can associate predation risk with the acoustic call of a heterospecific damselfish following pairing with conspecific alarm cues
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Data from: Why does noise reduce response to alarm calls? Experimental assessment of masking, distraction and greater vigilance in wild birds
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Discriminating between similar alarm calls of contrasting function
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Data from: Vocal characteristics of prairie dog alarm calls across an urban noise gradient
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Data from: Alarming features: birds use specific acoustic properties to identify heterospecific alarm calls
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Data from: Alarm calls of a cooperative bird are referential and elicit context-specific antipredator behavior
Although functionally referential signals have been extensively studied, largely in mammals (e.g., nonhuman primates, see Cheney and Seyfarth (1988); mongooses, see Manser et al. (2002); and other ground-dwelling species, see Blumstein and Armitage (1997), other social taxa such as birds would similarly benefit from the use of referential signals. We therefore investigated alarm calling in the cooperative noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala), a species that has been anecdotally recorded producing aerial alarms to flying predators and empirically recorded generating terrestrial alarms to ground-based threats. For these signals to be truly referential however, they must meet 3 criteria. First, calls must be structurally distinct, a requirement that these 2 call types meet. Second, calls must be stimulus-specific and reliably associated with a given stimulus. We tested this on free-living birds by exposing them to a simulated aerial predator that was either in flight or subsequently perched and thus presented one of the first studies on functionally referential alarm systems where both aerial and terrestrial alarm calls have been tested. Miners only produced aerial alarms while the stimulus was in flight, switching to terrestrial alarms once it landed. Third, referential signals must elicit different escape responses that are "appropriate" to the associated threat. Under field conditions, aerial alarm playback alone provoked an almost instantaneous response of fleeing to vegetation cover, whereas terrestrial alarm playback elicited significantly slower responses by receivers and an increase in scanning behavior. During laboratory experiments, aerial alarms stimulated birds to spend more time looking upwards, whereas terrestrial alarm calls stimulated individuals to scan perpendicularly, as expected if these stimuli provided information on likely predator location. Although other avian taxa have been shown to use referential alarm signals, this system provides novel evidence of referential calls based on the behavior rather than the type of predator, providing a highly adaptive means of communicating risk to other members of the social group in this cooperative species.
Data from: Wild dwarf mongooses produce general alert and predator-specific alarm calls
Many species produce alarm calls in response to predator threats. Whilst these can be general alert calls, some are urgency-based, indicating perceived threat level, some are predator-specific, indicating the predator type present, and some encode information about both urgency level and predator type. Predator-specific calls given to a narrow range of stimuli and which elicit a specific, adaptive, response from the receiver are termed functionally referential. Differing escape strategies, habitat structural complexity and sociality may favor the evolution of functionally referential calls. A study of one captive group of dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula) suggested their alarm calls could transmit information about species, distance, and elevation of predators. Using recordings of natural predator encounters, predator presentations and audio playbacks, we investigated the alarm-call system in 7 wild dwarf mongoose groups. We recorded 11 different alarm-call types given to 9 stimulus categories. Of the 5 commonly emitted alarm-call types, 3 appeared to be non-specific and 2 predator-specific, given to aerial and terrestrial predators respectively. The remaining 6 call types were rarely produced. Furthermore, aerial alarms were given to a narrower range of stimuli than their terrestrial alarm calls, which were given to both visible terrestrial predators and secondary cues of predators. Unlike other mongoose species, dwarf mongoose seem to use the same alarm-call type for both physically present terrestrial predators and secondary cues of their presence. We argue that detailed knowledge of species' alarm-call systems under natural conditions can shed light on the evolutionary emergence of different types of alarm calls.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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