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9 results for “Alopias”
Vertebral morphology in the tail-whipping common thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus
<p>Thresher sharks (<em>Alopias</em> spp.) are characterized by an elongated, scythe-like caudal fin that is used in tail-whipping, a behavior where the tail is thrown overhead to stun prey. Tail-whipping is performed via extreme dorsoventral bending of the vertebral column and is dramatically different from lateral oscillatory motion used for swimming. Previous work has examined thresher shark vertebral morphology and mechanical properties but in the context of swimming loads. Our goal was to assess centra morphometrics and microarchitecture for variations that may support extreme dorsoventral bending. We examined anterior and posterior body vertebrae from an embryo, 5 juvenile, and 4 adult thresher sharks using micro-computed tomography. We used principal component and landmark analyses to examine variables influencing vertebral morphology and mineral arrangement, respectively. We found that morphology and microstructure significantly varied across body regions and ontogeny. We hypothesize that anterior body vertebrae increase stability, while posterior body vertebrae support the caudal fin. Vertebral size and quantity of mineral structures (lamellae and nodes) increased across ontogeny, suggesting vertebrae adapt over development to support a larger body and tail. Based on our results, we hypothesize that thresher shark vertebrae vary in morphometrics and mineralization (amount and arrangement) supporting the mechanical needs for tail-whipping.</p>
FIGURE 5 in Insights into vertebral band pair deposition rate in the juvenile common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 5 Number of vertebral band pairs after the oxytetracycline mark compared to days at liberty for Alopias vulpinus at liberty ≥1 year, tagged and recaptured in the northeastern Pacific Ocean (1998–2013) n = 14. The dashed lines represent the relationship of band pairs to days at liberty; the dotted line represents a 1:1 deposition rate of one band pair per year.
FIGURE 4 in Insights into vertebral band pair deposition rate in the juvenile common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 4 Age-bias plots for all oxytetracycline (OTC)-marked Alopias vulpinus vertebrae to determine the number of band pairs distal to the birth band (left column), and number of band pairs distal to the OTC mark (right column). Readers 1, 2, and 3 read all sample vertebrae without knowledge of fish ID or time at liberty.
FIGURE 3 in Insights into vertebral band pair deposition rate in the juvenile common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 3 An X-ray image of a section showing band pair progression of an oxytetracycline (OTC)-marked Alopias vulpinus recaptured in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Translucent cartilage (dark bands on image) alternated with more-calcified cartilage (appearing light on image). Opaque, hypermineralized bands are marked with a solid dot; 4 band pairs post birth band and 3.5 band pairs post-OTC. The OTC mark and birth band are labeled. Tagged A. vulpinus A039014 was at liberty 3.81 years, measured 80 cm fork length (LF) at the time of tagging, and 140 cm LF at recapture.
FIGURE 1 in Insights into vertebral band pair deposition rate in the juvenile common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 1 Tag and recapture locations for Alopias vulpinus whose vertebrae were used in this study (n = 14), Southern California Bight.
FIGURE 2 in Insights into vertebral band pair deposition rate in the juvenile common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 2 Vertebral preparation: (a) standard anatomical planes of a fish; (b) oxytetracycline (OTC) mark fluorescing under UV light; section is cut along the green line (frontal plane); and (c) pin placement with UV light. Image A is adapted from an image in Wilson et al. (1983).
Vertebral morphology in the tail-whipping common thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus
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Data from: Genetic diversity and population structure of the Pelagic Thresher Shark (Alopias pelagicus) in the Pacific Ocean: evidence for two evolutionarily significant units
There has been an increasing concern about shark overexploitation in the last decade, especially for open ocean shark species, where there is a paucity of data about their life histories and population dynamics. Little is known regarding the population structure of the pelagic thresher shark, Alopias pelagicus. Though an earlier study using mtDNA control region data, showed evidence for differences between eastern and western Pacific populations, the study was hampered by low sample size and sparse geographic coverage, particularly a lack of samples from the central Pacific. Here, we present the population structure of Alopias pelagicus analyzing 351 samples from six different locations across the Pacific Ocean. Using data from mitochondrial DNA COI sequences and seven microsatellite loci we found evidence of strong population differentiation between western and eastern Pacific populations and evidence for reciprocally monophyly for organelle haplotypes and significant divergence of allele frequencies at nuclear loci, suggesting the existence of two Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU) in the Pacific Ocean. Interestingly, the population in Hawaii appears to be composed of both ESUs in what seems to be clear sympatry with reproductive isolation. These results may indicate the existence of a new cryptic species in the Pacific Ocean. The presence of these distinct ESUs highlights the need for revised management plans for this highly exploited shark throughout its range.
Data from: Genetic diversity and population structure of the Pelagic Thresher Shark (Alopias pelagicus) in the Pacific Ocean: evidence for two evolutionarily significant units
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.