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8 results for “Alpine coniferous forest”
Temperature drives the coordination between aboveground nutrient conservation and belowground nutrient acquisition in alpine coniferous forests
<p><span>Aboveground nutrient conservation via resorption processes and belowground nutrient acquisition from soils are two important mechanisms for plants to maintain nutrition and ecosystem functions. However, </span><span>the mechanism by which plants coordinate these two nutrient strategies</span><span>, especially for ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-dominated conifers in alpine forests, remains unclear.</span></p> <p><span>We investigated the relationships between aboveground nutrient conservation and belowground nutrient acquisition and their environmental drivers by measuring leaf </span><span>nutrient (i.e., nitrogen [N] and phosphorous [P]) resorption efficiency, resource foraging- and uptake-related </span><span>root morphological </span><span>(root diameter [RD], specific root length [SRL]/area [SRA])</span><span> and physiological </span><span>(root tissue density [RTD], root N and P concentration)</span><span> traits</span><span>, mycorrhizal colonization rate (MCR), rhizosphere effect on soil N and P cycling, and environmental factors of 40 ECM coniferous populations on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China.</span></p> <p><span>Our results show that w</span><span>ith increasing leaf </span><span>nutrient (N and P) resorption efficiency</span><span>, conifers shifted from depending on the 'outsourcing' strategy by mycorrhizal fungi (high MCR) to relying on the 'do-it-yourself' strategy of root mining (high rhizosphere effect on N- and P-mining</span><span>-</span><span>related enzyme activities) rather than on root foraging (high SRL and SRA) and </span><span>preferred</span><span> more conservative roots (high RTD and low root N and P concentrations). </span><span>Temperature was the main factor driving a negative relationship of ECM fungi foraging, root uptake and a positive relationship of root mining with leaf nutrient resorption</span><span>,</span><span> while precipitation resulted in a decoupled relationship between root foraging and leaf nutrient resorption.</span></p> <p><span>Our findings</span> <span>demonstrate temperature-driven and diverse </span><span>collaborations</span><span> (e.g., tradeoff or synergy) between </span><span>belowground nutrient acquisition</span><span> and </span><span>aboveground nutrient conservation strategies</span><span> in alpine ECM conifers and</span><span> highlight that </span><span>the preference </span><span>for</span><span> belowground nutrient acquisition strategies could influence </span><span>the aboveground </span><span>nutrient utilization strategy. This is insightful for a holistic understanding of the adaptation and responses of alpine forests to climatic change.</span></p>
Precipitation, rather than temperature drives coordination of multidimensional root traits with ectomycorrhizal fungi in alpine coniferous forests
<ol> <li><span>The interactions between roots and mycorrhizal fungi are critical for our understanding of the multidimensional root economics space. Our knowledge on their relationships comes mainly from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants, and less is known about how roots are coordinated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities, especially in ECM-dominated alpine forests that are highly sensitive to climate change worldwide.</span></li> <li> <span>Here, we investigated the coordination between roots and ECM fungi and their drivers by measuring </span><span>multiple</span><span> root traits, ECM fungal </span><span>composition and environmental factors of 47 coniferous populations across the alpine coniferous forests </span><span>on the Tibetan Plateau.</span> </li> <li> <span>Our results reveal two independent fine-root trait dimensions, i.e., root foraging dimension and root uptake dimension, which are represented by</span> <span>root diameter-specific root length, root tissue density-root N concentration. Importantly, the hyphal exploration-type-based ECM foraging correlated significantly with both root foraging and root uptake dimension. Further, in the low-temperature plateau, it is precipitation-induced changes in soil moisture, soil nutrients and pH that drive the proportion of </span><span>longer-</span><span>distance hyphal exploration types to increase with </span><span>higher root </span><span>foraging </span><span>by higher </span><span>specific root length, and </span><span>to </span><span>decrease with </span><span>higher </span><span>uptake </span><span>by higher </span><span>root N concentration.</span> </li> <li> <span><em>Synthesis</em>.</span><span> The coordination of multidimensional root traits with ECM fungi differs greatly from the well-recognized pattern in AM plants that mycorrhizal fungi connect predominantly with root foraging and that roots and mycorrhizal fungi are temperature sensitive. These findings provide a new insight for our holistic understanding of how roots and mycorrhizal fungi vary collaboratively and hence driving plant community assembly and responses to the changing climate.</span> </li> </ol>
Temperature drives the coordination between aboveground nutrient conservation and belowground nutrient acquisition in alpine coniferous forests
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Precipitation, rather than temperature drives coordination of multidimensional root traits with ectomycorrhizal fungi in alpine coniferous forests
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Data from: Climate and soil nutrients differentially drive multidimensional fine root traits in ectomycorrhizal‐dominated alpine coniferous forests
<ol> <li><span><span>Fine root traits vary greatly with environmental changes, but the understanding of root-trait variation and its drivers is limited over broad geographical scales, especially for ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-dominated conifers in alpine forests. Herein, the covariation patterns of and environmental controls for fine root traits among ECM-dominated conifers were examined to test whether and how climate and soil nutrients differentially affect fine root trait variations.</span></span></li> <li><span><span>Eight traits of first- and second-order roots were measured, i.e., root diameter (RD), specific root length (SRL), branching intensity (BRI), root tissue density (RTD), mycorrhizal colonization rate (MCR), and concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), across 76 alpine coniferous populations on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China.</span></span></li> <li><span><span>Our results showed that variations of the fine root traits fell into two major dimensions: the first dimension (32.39% of the total variance) was mainly represented by RD and SRL, potentially conveying a tradeoff between root lifespan and efficiency of resource foraging; the second dimension (23.70% of the variance) represented coordinated variation for root nutrients (i.e., N and P) and RTD, which depicts the conservation-acquisition tradeoff in resource uptake, i.e., root economic spectrum (RES). Variations in RD and SRL were mainly driven by climatic variables, characterized by a significant increase in RD and a decrease in SRL with increasing mean annual precipitation. In contrast, variations in fine root nutrients (i.e., N and P) and RTD were primarily driven by soil fertility, showing a significant increase in root N and P concentrations but a decrease in RTD with increasing soil resource levels.</span></span></li> <li><span><span><i>Synthesis. </i>Our study clearly shows two distinct dimensions of the variation of fine root traits in ECM-dominated alpine coniferous forests, providing further evidence of the inherent multidimensionality of root traits. Moreover, our findings highlight different roles of climatic and soil variables in driving the variation of fine root traits, potentially leading to the multidimensionality of root traits. This study provides new insights for understanding and predicting shifts in plant belowground strategies in climate-sensitive alpine forests worldwide.</span></span></li> </ol>
Absorptive roots drive a larger microbial carbon pump efficacy than transport roots in alpine coniferous forests
<p>Root activity creates a unique microbial hotspot in the rhizosphere and profoundly regulates soil carbon (C) dynamics, but empirical assessments of the soil microbial carbon pump (MCP, the iterative accumulation of necromass after microbial anabolism) and associated ecological consequences on soil C storage based on insight of the rhizosphere are still neglected, especially for different root functional modules.</p> <p>We assessed the soil MCP efficacy (i.e., the contribution of microbial necromass to SOC) by investigating the divergent contribution of microbial necromass based on amino sugar extrapolations to soil organic C (SOC) in the rhizosphere of two root functional modules (i.e., absorptive roots and transport roots) and the bulk soil in an alpine coniferous forest.</p> <p>The results showed that the MCP efficacy in both rhizosphere and bulk soil was more than 50%, suggesting that microbial necromass plays a key role in SOC formation. More importantly, absorptive roots drove a greater MCP efficacy (56%) in the rhizosphere than transport roots (51%).</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. These observations suggest that the microbial necromass is a major contributor to SOC storage in both rhizosphere and bulk soil in alpine coniferous forests. The magnitude of the contribution of microbial necromass to rhizosphere SOC depends on root functional differentiation. Our study provides novel and direct empirical evidence for the active soil MCP functions in SOC sequestration from the perspective of the rhizosphere.</p>
Absorptive roots drive a larger microbial carbon pump efficacy than transport roots in alpine coniferous forests
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Data from: Climate and soil nutrients differentially drive multidimensional fine root traits in ectomycorrhizal‐dominated alpine coniferous forests
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