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8 results for “Altamaha Sound”
Long-term water quality monitoring in the Altamaha, Doboy and Sapelo sounds and the Duplin River near Sapelo Island, Georgia from November 2013 to December 2022
Water samples were collected on Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER oceanographic monitoring cruises from November 2012 through December 2022. Monthly samples were collected from GCE 6 (high and low tide) and GCE 7 (high tide). Quarterly samples were collected from the remaining GCE sites and AL-02, the Altamaha River oceanic end-member station. Concentrations of the following were measured using standard analytical methods: dissolved nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, ammonium, silicate), dissolved organics (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) and particulate carbon and nitrogen, chlorophyll, phaeopigments, total suspended solids and loss on ignition.
Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in Doboy Sound and the Altamaha River near Sapelo Island, Georgia in 2012-2013
The composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Altamaha River estuary and Doboy Sound near Sapelo Island, Georgia, was investigated at the molecular level using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and stable carbon isotope analyses. DOM samples were collected in November 2012, May 2013, and September 2013 representing different hydrological regimes, including anomalously low-discharge conditions. DOM was also collected from water as it flooded and ebbed from an extensive marsh area at Sapelo Island in May 2013. The untargeted approach used allowed for identifying the DOM molecular signatures associated with different DOM sources in the estuary.
Microbially-Mediated Transformations of Estuarine Dissolved Organic Matter from Doboy Sound, Sapelo Sound and the Altamaha River near Sapelo Island, Georgia in 2012-2013
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) samples were collected from a marsh-dominated estuarine system (Altamaha River estuary, Doboy Sound and Sapelo Sound near Sapelo Island, Georgia), inoculated with native microbiological samples, and incubated in the dark for up to 70 days. Control and incubated DOM samples were then anlyzed using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry to investiage microbially-mediated transformations at the molecular level. Samples were collected at high tide in November 2012 and May 2013.
DOM composition changes in Altamaha River and Sapelo Sound estuaries measured by FT-ICR mass spectrometry from September 2015 to September 2016
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a large and complex mixture of compounds with source inputs that differ with location, season and environmental conditions. Here, we investigated drivers of DOM composition changes in a marsh-dominated estuary off the southeastern U.S. Monthly water samples were collected at a riverine and estuarine site from September 2015 to September 2016, and bulk, optical, and molecular analyses were conducted on samples before and after dark incubations. Results showed that river discharge was the primary driver changing the DOM composition at the mouth of the Altamaha River. For discharge higher than ~ 150 m3 s-1, DOC concentrations and the terrigenous character of the DOM increased approximately linearly with river flow. For low discharge conditions, a clear signature of salt marsh-derived compounds was observed in the river. At the head of Sapelo Sound, changes in DOM composition were primarily driven by river discharge and possibly by summer algae blooms. Microbial consumption of DOC was larger during periods of high discharge at both sites, potentially due to the higher mobilization and influx of fresh material to the system. The Georgia coast was hit by Hurricane Matthew in October 2016, which resulted in a large input of carbon to the estuary. The DOC concentration was ~ 2 times higher and DOM composition was more aromatic with a stronger terrigenous signature compared to the seasonal maximum observed earlier in the year during peak river discharge conditions. This suggests that extreme events notably impact DOM quantity and quality in estuarine regions.
DOM composition in Altamaha River and Sapelo Sound estuaries measured by FT-ICR mass spectrometry in 2017 (April, July, October) and 2018 (January and October)
Extreme events such as hurricanes and tropical storms often result in large fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to estuaries. Precipitation associated with tropical storms may be increasing in the southeastern U.S., which can potentially impact dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics and cycling in coastal systems. Here, DOM composition at the Altamaha River and Estuary (Georgia, U.S.A.) was investigated over multiple years capturing seasonal variations in river discharge, high precipitation events, and the passage of two hurricanes which resulted in substantial storm surges. Optical measurements of DOM indicate that the terrigenous signature in the estuary is linearly related to freshwater content and is similar after extreme events with or without a storm surge and during peak river flow. Molecular level analysis revealed significant differences, however, with a large increase of highly aromatic compounds after extreme events exceeding what would be expected by freshwater content alone. Although extreme events are often followed by increased DOC biodegradation, the terrigenous material added during those events does not appear to be more labile than the remainder of the DOM pool that was captured by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. This suggests that the added terrigenous organic matter may be exported to the coastal ocean, while a fraction of the organic matter that co-varied with the terrigenous DOM may contribute to the increased biomineralization in the estuary, with implications to carbon processing in coastal areas.
Long-term water quality monitoring in the Altamaha, Doboy and Sapelo sounds and the Duplin River near Sapelo Island, Georgia from May 2001 to August 2009
Water samples were collected on Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER oceanographic monitoring cuirses approximately every three months from May 2001 through December 2006 and monthly from November 2006 to August 2009. Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (ammonium, nitrate+nitrite, phosphate), dissolved organics (DOC, DON, DOP), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, total suspended sediment, and total particulate iron and phosphorus were measured using standard analytical methods. The concentrations of six elements (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, silicon, and strontium) were also determined occasionally using elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Monthly vertical profiles of salinity, temperature, pressure, oxygen and photosynthetically-available radiation in Sapelo River, Doboy Sound, Duplin River and Altamaha River transect surveys from April 2008 to April 2015
Monthly hydrographic surveys were performed along the Sapelo River, Doboy Sound, Duplin River and Altamaha River from April 2008 to April 2015. Vertical CTD profiles were collected from the surface to bottom during low and high tide phases at fixed stations chosen to coincide with long-term GCE-LTER moorings. Conductivity, temperature, pressure, photosynthetically-available radiation (PAR) and oxygen concentration were measured at 8 Hz using a SeaBird Electronics SBE-37 instrument, and depth, salinity and sigma-t and oxygen saturation were calculated using UNESCO algorithms. Data values collected during the upcast were deleted. This data set was collected as part of the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER monthly hydrographic monitoring program, and will be updated approximately annually to include the latest observations.
Current velocity data from a continuous survey using a towed ADCP in Altamaha Sound, Georgia, USA
<p><strong>Title: </strong>Current velocity data from a continuous survey using a towed ADCP in Altamaha Sound, Georgia, USA</p> <p><strong>Author/Data Collector: </strong>Chunyan Li</p> <p><strong>Point of Contact, PI, Originator: </strong>Chunyan Li (cli@lsu.edu)</p> <p><strong>Description:</strong></p> <p>These are velocity profile data from vessel towed ADCP obtained in the Sapelo Sound during a survey conducted on Sep. 13-15, 2000, which includes 16-hour stationary mooring measurements, a 16-hour continuous survey along a triangle (14 Sep, 06:21 14 Sep, 22:01 UTC), and overnight mooring for ~ 13 hours. The instrument was an RDI 600 KHz Workhorse ADCP.</p> <p>The ADCP was mounted on a sled towed by the boat. The vertical bins were 0.5 m. The surveys were conducted at an average cruise speed of about 2.5–3 m/s except at the turns when the vessel had to slow down and during CTD casts when the vessel had to stop for a few minutes. A Seabird Electronic SBE 19 plus CTD was used. Note that only ADCP data are included in this dataset.</p> <p>The data are averaged at about 30-second intervals, excluding bad data. The data presented here are in ASCII with the generic format provided by the RDI’s software WinRiver II output. There are three data files:</p> <p>ALT00T.000</p> <p>ALT00T.001</p> <p>ALT00T.002</p> <p>Here is an example of the data –</p> <p>50 50 25 40 4 0 4</p> <p>0 9 13 12 25 46 90 1 18 3.560 -2.580 304.440 26.860</p> <p>-369.50 -131.20 -0.80 -0.10 -32768 -32768 -32768 -32768 9.22 9.08 9.19 9.09</p> <p>121.98 31.10 41.03 114.87 121.98</p> <p> 31.9893333 -81.0330833 -314.40 -146.20 91.8</p> <p>69.8 1.8 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0</p> <p>28 cm BT counts 0.43 0.034</p> <p> 1.48 23.08 254.157 -22.2 -6.3 13.3 2.5 161.0 170.0 167.0 169.0 100 0.04</p> <p> 1.98 26.23 267.378 -26.2 -1.2 13.0 2.2 166.0 175.0 172.0 173.0 100 0.28</p> <p> 2.48 28.51 271.809 -28.5 0.9 12.9 4.9 163.0 171.0 170.0 170.0 100 0.36</p> <p> 2.98 32.63 279.347 -32.2 5.3 11.6 2.1 160.0 168.0 167.0 167.0 100 0.54</p> <p> 3.48 32.65 266.840 -32.6 -1.8 9.7 1.7 157.0 166.0 164.0 164.0 100 0.35</p> <p> 3.98 32.11 271.249 -32.1 0.7 7.7 0.3 155.0 164.0 162.0 162.0 100 0.39</p> <p> 4.48 32.10 269.286 -32.1 -0.4 6.6 1.3 154.0 162.0 161.0 161.0 100 0.35</p> <p> 4.98 30.31 268.299 -30.3 -0.9 5.2 2.4 152.0 160.0 158.0 159.0 100 0.31</p> <p> 5.48 30.32 264.891 -30.2 -2.7 3.9 5.3 150.0 158.0 157.0 157.0 100 0.28</p> <p> 5.98 30.73 255.873 -29.8 -7.5 3.4 0.1 148.0 155.0 155.0 155.0 100 0.10</p> <p> 6.48 28.87 263.835 -28.7 -3.1 2.2 1.5 147.0 157.0 154.0 156.0 100 0.30</p> <p> 6.98 25.12 264.289 -25.0 -2.5 1.5 -1.6 154.0 165.0 160.0 164.0 89 0.23</p> <p> 7.48 27.16 260.676 -26.8 -4.4 1.8 -0.1 156.0 166.0 163.0 164.0 94 0.26</p> <p> 7.98 28.57 265.986 -28.5 -2.0 1.0 -1.5 147.0 161.0 157.0 155.0 83 0.31</p> <p> 8.48 25.42 257.276 -24.8 -5.6 1.2 -0.5 149.0 162.0 155.0 158.0 72 0.30</p> <p> 8.98 19.80 278.130 -19.6 2.8 0.3 0.7 154.0 169.0 160.0 164.0 61 0.63</p> <p> 9.48 14.44 257.600 -14.1 -3.1 -0.4 6.9 154.0 172.0 162.0 164.0 44 2147483647</p> <p> 9.98 11.79 320.505 -7.5 9.1 -1.3 -2.2 146.0 163.0 153.0 154.0 33 2147483647</p> <p> 10.48 8.79 348.179 -1.8 8.6 -0.2 8.0 130.0 142.0 135.0 137.0 22 2147483647</p> <p> 10.98 -32768 -32768 -32768 -32768 -32768 -32768 110.0 125.0 116.0 121.0 0 2147483647</p> <p>The ADCP data were used in Li (2013).</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p>The data were collected on R/V Bluefin funded by NSF-LTER.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Li, C. (2013). Subtidal Water Flux through a Multi-inlet System: Observations Before and During a Cold Front Event and Numerical Experiments, <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em>, Vol. 118, 1–16, doi:10.1029/2012JC008109, 2013.</p>
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