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28 results for “Amazonian ants”
Disentangling the assembly mechanisms of ant cuticular bacterial communities of two Amazonian ant species sharing a common arboreal nest
<p>Bacteria living on the cuticle of ants are generally studied for their protective role against pathogens, especially in the clade of fungus-growing ants. However, little is known of the diversity of cuticular bacteria in other ant host species, as well as of the mechanisms leading to the composition of these communities. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to study the influence of host species, species interactions, and the pool of bacteria from the environment on the assembly of cuticular bacterial communities on two phylogenetically distant Amazonian ant species that frequently nest together inside the roots system of epiphytic plant<i>s</i>, <i>Camponotus femoratus</i> and <i>Crematogaster levior</i>. Our results show that 1) the vast majority of the bacterial community on the cuticle is shared with the nest, suggesting that most bacteria on the cuticle are acquired through environmental acquisition, 2) 5.2% and 2.0% OTUs are respectively specific to <i>Camponotus femoratus</i> and <i>Crematogaster levior</i>, likely representing their respective core cuticular bacterial community, and 3) 3.6% of OTUs are shared between the two ant species. Additionally, mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis of metabolites on the cuticle of ants, which excludes the detection of cuticular hydrocarbons produced by the host, were conducted to evaluate correlations among bacterial OTUs and m/z ion mass. Although some positive and negative correlations are found, the cuticular chemical composition was weakly species specific which supports that cuticular bacterial communities are prominently environmentally acquired. Overall, our results suggest that the environment is the dominant source of bacteria found on the cuticle of ants.</p>
Figure 1 in Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from an Amazonian fragmented landscape, Juara, Mato Grosso, Brazil, with new records of ant species
Figure 1. Map indicating the Modules (M) where the samples were collected in the municipality of Juara, north of Mato Grosso state, Brazil.The four points on the Arinos River represent samples taken on islands.
Variation in the production of plant tissues bearing extrafloral nectaries explains temporal patterns of ant attendance in Amazonian understory plants
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Disentangling the assembly mechanisms of ant cuticular bacterial communities of two Amazonian ant species sharing a common arboreal nest
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Data from: Arboreal ant abundance tracks primary productivity in an Amazonian whitewater river system
Little is known about consumer productivity in the tropics despite the key feedbacks that animals impose on primary productivity. In the Amazon basin, seasonally flooded and unflooded forests exist side by side, and ants (Formicidae) dominate animal biomass. Although flooding has a direct, negative effect on soil-dwelling ants, it is less clear whether flooding has indirect effects on arboreal ants via associated changes in tree communities. To test whether seasonal inundation by whitewater affects arboreal ants, we investigated ant communities in adjacent flooded and unflooded forests along a major whitewater river in central-western Amazonia. Whitewater-flooded forest exhibits higher primary productivity than unflooded forest. We thus hypothesized that forest type would affect the productivity and the foraging traits of arboreal ants, and that these changes would be mediated by increases in plant-derived food for ants in flooded forest. We compared ant and plant communities between flooded and unflooded forest transects along the Juruá River in Amazonas, Brazil. We collected, identified, and counted terrestrial and arboreal ants, and we measured ant traits with putative relationships to foraging strategy. We also identified plant stems to characterize the abundance of ant food rewards. Flooding negatively affected the diversity and abundance of terrestrial ants but did not change the diversity of arboreal ants. Arboreal ants were more abundant and exhibited higher biomass in flooded forest than in unflooded forest. Arboreal ant traits also suggested that ants may rely more heavily on plant-derived food in flooded forest than in unflooded forest. These differences were associated with a higher abundance of plant stems predicted to contain ant food rewards in flooded forest than in unflooded forest. Our results indicate that the productivity of arboreal ants is affected by that of the underlying forest. Such effects may be mediated by the predominantly herbivorous foraging strategy of canopy ants, which would link ant populations closely to primary production and stoichiometry. Given ants' important functional roles, these differences in ant productivity between forest types may have consequences for other arthropods and feedbacks to plants throughout the Amazon basin.
Data from: Resilient networks of ant-plant mutualists in Amazonian forest fragments
BACKGROUND: The organization of networks of interacting species, such as plants and animals engaged in mutualisms, strongly influences the ecology and evolution of partner communities. Habitat fragmentation is a globally pervasive form of spatial heterogeneity that could profoundly impact the structure of mutualist networks. This is particularly true for biodiversity-rich tropical ecosystems, where the majority of plant species depend on mutualisms with animals and it is thought that changes in the structure of mutualist networks could lead to cascades of extinctions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We evaluated effects of fragmentation on mutualistic networks by calculating metrics of network structure for ant-plant networks in continuous Amazonian forests with those in forest fragments. We hypothesized that networks in fragments would have fewer species and higher connectance, but equal nestedness and resilience compared to forest networks. Only one of the nine metrics we compared differed between continuous forest and forest fragments, indicating that networks were resistant to the biotic and abiotic changes that accompany fragmentation. This is partially the result of the loss of only specialist species with one connection that were lost in forest fragments. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We found that the networks of ant-plant mutualists in twenty-five year old fragments are similar to those in continuous forest, suggesting these interactions are resistant to the detrimental changes associated with habitat fragmentation, at least in landscapes that are a mosaic of fragments, regenerating forests, and pastures. However, ant-plant mutualistic networks may have several properties that may promote their persistence in fragmented landscapes. Proactive identification of key mutualist partners may be necessary to focus conservation efforts on the interactions that insure the integrity of network structure and the ecosystems services networks provide.
Data from: Ant mutualism increases long-term growth and survival of a common Amazonian tree
How ecological context shapes mutualistic relationships remains poorly understood. We combined long-term tree census data with ant censuses in a permanent 25-ha Amazonian forest dynamics plot to evaluate the effect of the mutualistic ant Myrmelachista schumanni (Formicinae) on the growth and survival of the common Amazonian tree Duroia hirsuta (Rubiaceae), considering its interactions with tree growth, population structure, and habitat. We found that the mutualist ant more than doubled tree relative growth rates and increased odds of survival. However, host tree size and density of conspecific neighbors modified the effect of the ant. Smaller trees hosting the mutualist ant consistently grew faster when surrounded by higher densities of conspecifics, suggesting that the benefit to the tree outweighs any negative effects of high conspecific densities. Moreover, our findings suggest that the benefit afforded by the ant diminishes with plant age and also depends on the density of conspecific neighbors. We provide the first long-term large-scale evidence of how mutualism affects the population biology of an Amazonian tree species.
FIG. 6 in Foraging ecology of the giant Amazonian ant Dinoponera gigantea (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae): activity schedule, diet and spatial foraging patterns
FIG. 6. Ritualized territorial contest between Dinoponera gigantea foragers from diVerent colonies at the border of their foraging areas. (A) Ants lock their mandibles together, vigorously antennate each other's head, and constantly kick one another with the Žrst pair of legs. (B) As the contest escalates the dominant ant (right) directs the tip of the gaster against the opponent's body. The subordinate ant eventually walks away as she breaks free.
FIG. 2 in Foraging ecology of the giant Amazonian ant Dinoponera gigantea (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae): activity schedule, diet and spatial foraging patterns
FIG. 2. Frequency distribution of trip duration relative to diVerent activities performed by workers of Dinoponera gigantea in a Brazilian rainforest site. Although foraging ants may be away from the nest for up to 3 h, successful foragers usually return after 30–60 min of searching. Data are based on continuous 12-h observations at colony Nos 9 and 10, from 6.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. Two successful foragers from each colony are not included in the graphs because the duration of their foraging trips could not be recorded.
Data from: Ant mutualism increases long-term growth and survival of a common Amazonian tree
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Data from: Arboreal ant abundance tracks primary productivity in an Amazonian whitewater river system
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Higher probability of tick infestation reveals a hidden cost of army ant-following in Amazonian birds
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Data from: Asymmetric dispersal and colonization success of Amazonian plant-ants queens
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Data from: Resilient networks of ant-plant mutualists in Amazonian forest fragments
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Figure 9 from: Lenhart P, Dash S, Mackay W (2013) A revision of the giant Amazonian ants of the genus Dinoponera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 119-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335
Figure 9 - Dinoponera rightbasiparamere/paramere of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes.
Figure 13 from: Lenhart P, Dash S, Mackay W (2013) A revision of the giant Amazonian ants of the genus Dinoponera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 119-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335
Figure 13 - Distribution map of Dinoponera species. Symbols in black are records added by this study; open symbols are from literature sources (Kempf 1971, 1975, Araujo et al. 1990, Peeters et al. 1999, Monnin and Peeters 1999, Fourcassié and Oliviera 2002, Monnin et al. 2003, Mariano et al. 2004, Araújo and Rodriques 2006, Marques-Silva et al. 2006).
Figure 1 from: Lenhart P, Dash S, Mackay W (2013) A revision of the giant Amazonian ants of the genus Dinoponera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 119-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335
Figure 1 - Features of Dinoponera workers. A Head, frontal view B–C Occiput of head, oblique antero-lateral view D–E Pronotum, lateral view F–H Petiole, lateral view. A–B Dinoponera longipes C Dinoponera hispida D Dinoponera gigantea. E–F Dinoponera mutica G Dinoponera hispida H Dinoponera lucida.
Figure 12 from: Lenhart P, Dash S, Mackay W (2013) A revision of the giant Amazonian ants of the genus Dinoponera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 119-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335
Figure 12 - Worker head, oblique antero-lateral view illustrating microsculpturing difference. A Dinoponera mutica (this smooth integument type is also found in Dinoponera lucida, Dinoponera longipes and Dinoponera hispida) B Dinoponera quadriceps (this rough integument type is also found in Dinoponera gigantea and Dinoponera australis).
Figure 4 from: Lenhart P, Dash S, Mackay W (2013) A revision of the giant Amazonian ants of the genus Dinoponera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 119-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335
Figure 4 - Features of Dinoponera males. A–E Head, frontal view F–J Right scape, first and second funicular segments, frontal view K–O Pygidial spine, dorsal view A, F, K Dinoponera gigantea B, G, L Dinoponera quadriceps C, H, M Dinoponera longipes D, I, N Dinoponera snellingi E, J, O Dinoponera australis.
Figure 11 from: Lenhart P, Dash S, Mackay W (2013) A revision of the giant Amazonian ants of the genus Dinoponera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 119-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335
Figure 11 - Dinoponera rightpenis valves from the aedeagus of known males. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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