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87 results for “Amazonian rainforest”
Edge effects and vertical stratification of aerial insectivorous bats across the interface of primary-secondary Amazonian rainforest
<p><span>Edge effects - abiotic and biotic changes associated with habitat boundaries - are key drivers of community change in fragmented landscapes. Their influence is heavily modulated by matrix composition. With over half of the world's tropical forests predicted to become forest edge by the end of the </span><span>century, it is paramount that conservationists gain a better understanding of how tropical biota is impacted by edge gradients. Bats comprise a large fraction of tropical mammalian fauna and are demonstrably sensitive to habitat modification. Yet, </span><span>knowledge about how bat assemblages are affected by edge effects remains scarce</span><span>. Capitalizing on a whole-ecosystem manipulation in the Central Amazon, the aims of this study were to i) assess the consequences of edge effects for twelve aerial insectivorous bat species across the interface of primary and secondary forest and ii) investigate if the activity levels of these species differed between the understory and canopy and if they were modulated by distance from the edge</span><span>. Acoustic surveys were conducted along four 2-km transects each traversing equal parts of primary and ca. 30-year-old secondary forest. Five models were used to assess the changes in the relative activity of forest specialists (three species), flexible forest foragers (three species), and edge foragers (six species). Modelling results revealed no evidence of edge effects, except for forest specialists in the understory. No significant differences in activity were found between the secondary or primary forest but most species exhibited pronounced vertical stratification. Our study highlights that forest specialist bats are more edge-sensitive than both flexible forest and edge foraging bats and suggests that the influence of edge effects on aerial insectivorous bats may exceed 2 km. The absence of pronounced edge effects and the comparable activity levels between primary and old secondary forests indicates that old secondary forest can help ameliorate the consequences of fragmentation on tropical aerial insectivorous bats. </span></p>
Figs. 1–7 in First report of two species of scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) inside nests of Azteca cf. chartifex Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Brazilian Amazonian Rainforest
Figs. 1–7. Azteca cf. chartifex nest and its associated myrmecophile beetles. 1, Nest, sectioned at its third lower part, which was searched for myrmecophiles. 2, Upclose view of upper nest part, with no sight of large galleries. 3, Large gallery on the collected nest piece, in which one beetle was found. 4, Phileurus carinatus declivis, dorsal view. 5, Phileurus carinatus declivis, ventral view. 6, Cyclidius elongatus, dorsal view. 7, Cyclidius elongatus, ventral view.
FIG. 1. — Najtaecesa n in Najtaecesa n. gen., a trigonidiine-like Cearacesaini Koçak & Kemal, 2010 cricket from the Amazonian rainforests (Grylloidea, Gryllidae, Hapithinae)
FIG. 1. — Najtaecesa n. gen.: A-F, Najtaecesa aratayensis n. gen., n. sp.; G-I, Najtaecesa loretensis n. gen., n. sp.: A, G, male holotype, dorsal views; B, H, face, front views; C, Head and pronotum, lateral view; D, head, dorsal view; E, I, FIII outer side, lateral views; F, metanotum, dorsal view (wings apart). Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIG. 2. — Najtaecesa n in Najtaecesa n. gen., a trigonidiine-like Cearacesaini Koçak & Kemal, 2010 cricket from the Amazonian rainforests (Grylloidea, Gryllidae, Hapithinae)
FIG. 2. — Najtaecesa n. gen.: A-F, Najtaecesa aratayensis n. gen., n. sp.; G-I, Najtaecesa loretensis n. gen., n. sp.: A, maxillary palpus; B, C, ♂ FW, dorsal and lateral fields, coloration as on Fig. 1A, C; D-I, ♂ genitalia, dorsal (D, G), ventral (E, H), lateral (F, I) views. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIG. 4 in Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus and Species of Lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian Rainforest of Northern Brazil
FIG. 4. Intergeneric variation of cloacal plate scales and precloacal pores: A, Marinussaurus curupira, INPA 19856; B, Arthrosaura reticulata, MPEG 19181; C, Colobosauroides cearensis, uncatalogued specimen from MPEG; D, Dryadosaura nordestina, MPEG 27738; E, Amapasaurus tetradactylus, MPEG 27370; F, Alopoglossus angulatus, MPEG 24372, a basal Gymnophthalmidae.
FIG. 3. Marinussaurus curupira, INPA 19856 in Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus and Species of Lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian Rainforest of Northern Brazil
FIG. 3. Marinussaurus curupira, INPA 19856 (paratype). Drawing of the pericloacal region showing cloacal plate, precloacal and femoral pores. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIG. 1 in Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus and Species of Lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian Rainforest of Northern Brazil
FIG. 1. Marinussaurus curupira, in life, INPA 19856 (paratype). SVL = 56.2 mm. Photo by V.T. Carvalho.
FIG. 2. Marinussaurus curupira, INPA 19855 in Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus and Species of Lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian Rainforest of Northern Brazil
FIG. 2. Marinussaurus curupira, INPA 19855 (holotype). Drawings of A, dorsal, B, lateral, and C, ventral views of the head. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIG. 6 in Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus and Species of Lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian Rainforest of Northern Brazil
FIG. 6. Phylogenetic trees inferred from parsimony (PAR) analyses. A, Strict consensus of three equally parsimonious trees from the analysis of the morphological characters, (L = 76, CI = 0.684, RI = 0.784). B, Single most parsimonious tree based on combined analyses of morphology and molecular partitions (L = 2634, CI = 0.525, RI = 0.481). Numbers above branches are bootstrap support values (BS) and numbers below branches are total Goodman-Bremer support values (GBS). Open diamonds represent Bayesian posterior probability values of 1.0 (PP; only shown for the Ecpleopodini clade). Node X represents incongruence among trees under PAR and Bayesian methods. Clades in node Y represent the tribe Ecpleopodini, sensu Pellegrino et al. (2001) and Rodrigues et al. (2005).
Edge effects and vertical stratification of aerial insectivorous bats across the interface of primary-secondary Amazonian rainforest
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Data for "A potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation may stabilise eastern Amazonian rainforests"
<p>Data for the publication "A potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation may stabilise eastern Amazonian rainforests" by Nian et al. DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-01123-7</p>
FIG. 5 in Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus and Species of Lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian Rainforest of Northern Brazil
FIG. 5. Maps of northern Brazil showing the type locality (star) of Marinussaurus curupira.
Morphological consequences of climate change for resident birds in intact Amazonian rainforest
<p>First, this dataset contains morphological measurements (body mass, wing length) of birds from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), located in central Amazonia. Birds were captured using mist-nets between 1979 and 2019 in the understory of primary forest spanning ~40 km. Second, we have included climate data (precipitation, temperature) associated with this study area derived from the global EU Copernicus ERA5 climate reanalysis (<a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/">https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu</a>).</p>
Rainfall seasonality shapes belowground root trait dynamics in an Amazonian tropical rainforest: A test of the stress-dominance hypothesis
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Morphological consequences of climate change for resident birds in intact Amazonian rainforest
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Data from: Seasonal investigation of ultrafine particle organic composition in an eastern Amazonian rainforest
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Data from: Partial recovery of primary rainforest bird communities in Amazonian secondary forests
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Data from: Seasonal dynamics of flock interaction networks across a human-modified landscape in lowland Amazonian rainforest
<p><span>Although lowland tropical rainforests were once widely believed to be the archetype of stability, seasonal variation exists. In these environments, seasonality is defined by rainfall, leading to a predictable pattern of biotic and abiotic changes. Only the full annual cycle reveals niche breadth, yet most studies of tropical organisms ignore seasonality, thereby underestimating realized conditions. If human-modified habitats display more seasonal stress than intact habitats, then ignoring seasonality will have particularly important repercussions for conservation. We examined the seasonal dynamics of Amazonian mixed-species flocks—an important species interaction network—across three habitats with increasing human disturbance. We quantified seasonal space use, species richness and attendance, and four ecological network metrics for flocks in primary forest, small forest fragments, and regenerating secondary forest in central Amazonia. Our results indicate that, even in intact, lowland rainforest, mixed-species flocks exhibit seasonal differences. </span>During the dry season, flocks included more species, generally ranged over larger areas, and displayed network structures that were less complex and less cohesive. We speculate that because most flocking species nest during the dry season—a time of reduced arthropod abundance—flocks are simultaneously constrained by these two competing pressures. Moreover, these seasonal differences were most pronounced in forest fragments and secondary forest, habitats that are less buffered from the changing seasons. <span>Our results suggest that seasonality influences the conservation value of human-modified habitats, raising important questions about how rainforest organisms will cope with an increasingly unstable climate.</span></p>
The Influence of Environmental Variation on the Genetic Structure of a Poison Frog Distributed Across Continuous Amazonian Rainforest
<p>Biogeographic barriers such as rivers have been shown to shape spatial patterns of biodiversity in the Amazon basin, yet relatively little is known about the distribution of genetic variation across continuous rainforest. Here, we characterize the genetic structure of the brilliant-thighed poison frog (<em>Allobates femoralis</em>) across an 880-km-long transect along the Purus-Madeira interfluve south of the Amazon river, based on 64 individuals genotyped at 7609 single-nucleotide polymorphism loci. A population tree and clustering analyses revealed 4 distinct genetic groups, one of which was strongly divergent. These genetic groups were concomitant with femoral spot coloration differences, which was intermediate within a zone of admixture between two of the groups. The location of these genetic groups did not consistently correspond to current ecological transitions between major forest types. A multimodel approach to quantify the relative influence of isolation-by-geographic distance (IBD) and isolation-by-environmental resistance (IBR) nevertheless revealed that, in addition to a strong signal of IBD, spatial genetic differentiation was explained by IBR primarily linked to dry season intensity (<em>r</em><sup>2</sup> = 8.4%) and canopy cover (<em>r</em><sup>2</sup> = 6.4%). We show significant phylogenetic divergence in the absence of obvious biogeographical barriers and that finer-scaled measures of genetic structure show patterns that are associated with environmental variables also known to predict the density of <em>A. femoralis</em>.</p>
Data from: Strong coupling of plant and fungal community structure across western Amazonian rainforests
The Amazon basin harbors a diverse ecological community that has a critical role in the maintenance of the biosphere. Although plant and animal communities have received much attention, basic information is lacking for fungal or prokaryotic communities. This is despite the fact that recent ecological studies have suggested a prominent role for interactions with soil fungi in structuring the diversity and abundance of tropical rainforest trees. In this study, we characterize soil fungal communities across three major tropical forest types in the western Amazon basin (terra firme, seasonally flooded and white sand) using 454 pyrosequencing. Using these data, we examine the relationship between fungal diversity and tree species richness, and between fungal community composition and tree species composition, soil environment and spatial proximity. We find that the fungal community in these ecosystems is diverse, with high degrees of spatial variability related to forest type. We also find strong correlations between α- and β-diversity of soil fungi and trees. Both fungal and plant community β-diversity were also correlated with differences in environmental conditions. The correlation between plant and fungal richness was stronger in fungal lineages known for biotrophic strategies (for example, pathogens, mycorrhizas) compared with a lineage known primarily for saprotrophy (yeasts), suggesting that this coupling is, at least in part, due to direct plant–fungal interactions. These data provide a much-needed look at an understudied dimension of the biota in an important ecosystem and supports the hypothesis that fungal communities are involved in the regulation of tropical tree diversity.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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