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13 results for “Ammonicrinus”
Fig. 3. The lecanocrinid species Ammonicrinus doliiformis Wolburg, 1938a in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 3. The lecanocrinid species Ammonicrinus doliiformis Wolburg, 1938a (for 1937) from the Selscheid Formation of Ohle, Sauerland (Wolburg 1938a: 230). A. Casts of nearly complete specimen. Specimen attached to a brachiopod valve (right arrow) (A1), showing the characteristic triangular connection between mesi− and dististele (left arrow) and slightly compressed mesistele (from Wolburg 1938a: pl. 17: 1); detail view of the attachment disc (arrow) (A2), encrusting the brachiopod (from Wolburg 1938a: pl. 18: 8); detail view of the triangular connection between mesi− and dististele (arrow) (A3) (from Wolburg 1938a: pl. 17: 6a); detail view of the coiled, slightly compressed mesistele (A4) (from Wolburg 1938a: pl. 17: 4). B. Former assumed reconstruction of life mode, figured with a crown that protrudes toward the lateral−exterior (arrow) (from Wolburg 1938a: 240, fig. 5). C. Former assumed reconstruction of the crown (1938a: 233, fig. 4). Not to scale.
Fig. 4 in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 4. First illustration of the actual plate diagram and definition of genus Ammonicrinus as a lecanocrinid Flexibilia by Ubaghs (1952). A. Ammonicrinus doliiformis Wolburg, 1938a (for 1937), SMF−XXIII−165a from the "Rommersheim Formation" of the Auburg, Gerolstein, Eifel, Germany (Ubaghs 1952: 220). View of coiled mesistele (A1); view of exposed proxistele (A2) (taken from Ubaghs 1952: pl. 3: 1, 3). B. Anomalous crown of "Ammonicrinus wanneri" from the "Rommersheim Formation" of the Steineberg, N of Kerpen, Eifel, Germany (Ubaghs 1952: 220) (= holotype of A. jankei sp. nov., no. SMF−XXIII−167a) coiled by the mesistele. View of the coiled mesistele (B1) (Ubaghs 1952: pl. 1: 3); partly excavated crown (B2), showing radiating ridges on radials and one slightly lobe−like enlarged appendage that possibly could support the lateral water respectively faecal−ejection (arrow) (Ubaghs 1952: pl. 1: 4); excavated crown in lateral view (B3, B4), the second "radianal plate" respectively "supplementary plate" (see arrows) is based on an anomaly (Ubaghs 1952: pl. 2: 3, 2); plate diagram (B5), showing the two anomalous plates (arrows) (slightly modified after Ubaghs 1952: 205, fig. 1); schematic drawing of the coiled specimen (B6); reconstruction of the assumed living feeding position (B7) (Ubaghs 1952: 110, fig. 2; p. 223, fig. 5). Not to scale.
Fig. 14. A in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 14. A. Schematic reconstruction of Ammonicrinus (strongly modified after Piotrowski 1977: 209, fig. 3) of a feeding Ammonicrinus within low−intensity current water. Alternating water pressure was possibly generated in the interior of the enrolled proximal stem by slow, bellow−like partial opening and closing (red arrows) of the base of the central mass; due to the synarthrial (bifacial) articulation of the ammonicrinid mesistele that developed two huge ligamentary facets (orange), separated by the fulcrum, bellow−like partial opening could possibly enabled by stiffening of the outer ligaments (see orange bars in A1); closing could be controlled by stiffening of the inner ligaments (see orange bars in A2). A1, suction during opening may result from low−pressure (P−) and create an ingesting water flow (blue arrow); A, ejection during closure (red arrow) resulted from overpressure (P+); to minimise faecal recycling, 2 the water ejection may have occurred laterally (blue arrows), feasibly at both lateral centres, which have "openings". B. Lobe−like enlarged appendages (framed in red) could possibly support the lateral water faecal−ejection (modified from Ubaghs 1952: pl. 1: 4). C. Reconstruction of a feeding "encased runner−type" of A. leunisseni sp. nov., attached to a tabulate coral (model); the spined specimen dwelled enrolled on the muddy seafloor; alternating water pressure was obviously generated in the interior of the enrolled proximal stem globe by non−muscular, probably MCT−controlled, slow, bellow−like partial opening and closing of the oblate sphere at its bottom (dashed arrow); suction during opening created an ingesting water flow (see arrow on the left), which was funnelled in a "canal", formed by the unspined interior of the columnals of the mesistele, whose U−shaped LCEE additionally formed a protection against immersive sediment; ejection during closure resulted from overpressure; to minimise faecal recycling, the water ejection occurred supposably laterally, feasibly at both lateral centres, which accordingly show "openings" (see arrows on the right). Not to scale.
Fig. 9. Lecanocrinid Ammonicrinus species. A–J. Ammonicrinus wanneri Springer, 1926. A–I in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 9. Lecanocrinid Ammonicrinus species. A–J. Ammonicrinus wanneri Springer, 1926. A–I. From the Eifel (locality 3, Appendix 1), Germany, Lower Givetian (Middle Devonian). J. From the Eifel (locality 7, Appendix 1), Germany, Lower Givetian (Middle Devonian). A. Lateral view of a partly preserved specimen (GIK−2133) with coiled mesistele. B. Lateral view, respectively view of external columnal flanks of the coiled mesistele of a partly preserved specimen (GIK−2134) with one preserved, postulated cup ossicle (arrow). C. View of external columnal flanks of the mesistele of a partly preserved specimen (GIK−2135). D. Lateral view, respectively view of external columnal flanks of the coiled mesistele of a partly preserved specimen (GIK−2136), +
Fig. 8 in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 8. Reconstruction of a spined "settler−type" of Ammonicrinus leunisseni sp. nov., attached to a brachiopod brachial valve (Schizophoria sp.); the original (GIK−2103) from locality 6 is figured in Fig. 12L. Not to scale.
Fig. 13 in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 13. Postmortem epizoan encrusting on disarticulated columnals of the lecanocrinid crinoid species Ammonicrinus sulcatus Kongiel, 1958. A–G. From the Eifel (locality 1, Appendix 1), Germany, upper Eifelian (Middle Devonian). H, I. From the Eifel (locality 2, Appendix 1), Germany, upper Eifelian (Middle Dvonian). A. View of external flanks of a pluricolumnal of the mesistele (GIK−2147), encrusted by a trepostomate bryozoan (Leptrotrypella(?) sp.) (arrows). B. Internal view of a pluricolumnal of the distal−most mesistele (GIK−2148), encrusted by a cystoporate bryozoan (Eridopora(?) sp.) (arrows). C. Facet view of an isolated, distal−most columnal of the mesistele (GIK−2149), encrusted by a trepostomate bryozoan [Leptrotrypella(?) sp.] (arrows). D. External flanks of a pluricolumnal of the mesistele (GIK−2150), encrusted by a trepostomate bryozoan (Eostenopora(?) sp.) (see arrows below); the bryozoan is infested by a crinoid attachment disc (arrows in D2); general view (D1), detail view (D2). E. View of external flanks of a pluricolumnal of the mesistele (GIK−2151), encrusted by a crinoid holdfast (arrow). F. Facet view of an isolated columnal of the mesistele (GIK−2152), encrusted by a cystoporate bryozoan (Cyclotrypa(?) sp.) (arrows). G. Facet view of a pluricolumnal of the mesistele (GIK−2153), encrusted by a cystoporate bryozoan (Cyclotrypa(?) sp.) (arrows). H. Facet view of an isolated columnal of the mesistele (GIK−2154) (H1), encrusted by microconchid valves (see arrows in detail view (H2). I. Facet view of an isolated columnal of the mesistele (GIK−2155), encrusted by a holdfast of a fenestrate bryozoan (arrow). Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 2 in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 2. The first figures of Ammonicrinus from Springer (1926) and Krause (1927). A. Ammonicrinus wanneri Springer, 1926 (from Springer 1926: pl. 6: 4a, b). A1, view of the extetrnal flanks of the coiled mesistele; A2, coiled mesistele in lateral view. B. Ammonicrinus leunisseni sp. nov. (= "A. wanneri" in Springer 1926: pl. 6: 5, 5b). B1, view of the extetrnal flanks of the coiled mesistele; B2, coiled mesistele in lateral view. C. Photograph of the holotype of Ammonicrinus wanneri Springer, 1926, USNM−S2115; lateral view of coiled mesistele; connection between mesi− and dististele, dististele and attachment missing (see fracture surface at distal mesistele). D. Photograph of USNM−S2115, the Springer (1926) original of "Ammonicrinus wanneri" (= A. leunisseni sp. nov. herein); lateral view of coiled mesistele; connection between mesi− and dististele, dististele and attachment missing (see fracture surface at distal mesistele). E. Ammonicrinus doliiformis Wolburg, 1938a (for 1937) (= "A. wanneri" in Krause 1927: pl. 8: 4, 2). E1, view of the extetrnal flanks of the coiled mesistele; E2, coiled mesistele in lateral view. A–D from the Middle Devonian, Eifel Limestone; Prüm, Eifel, Germany (Springer 1926: 25); E from the Middle Devonian of Sötenich, Eifel (Krause 1927: 456). A, B, E not to scale; C, D scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 1. A in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 1. A. Reconstruction of the Ammonicrinus life time position (modified after Piotrowski 1977: 208, fig. 2). B. Ammonicrinus plate diagram (not to scale).
Fig. 7 in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 7. Ammonicrinus leunisseni sp. nov. A. Reconstruction of a "encased runner−type" of A. leunisseni sp. nov. attached to a tabulate coral (model); the spined specimen dwelled enrolled on the muddy seafloor. B. The original (GIK−2102) from the Eifel (locality 6, Appendix 1), Germany, Lower Givetian (Middle Devonian); showing slightly compressed proximal mesistele. A not to scale, B scale bar 10 mm.
Fig. 5 in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 5. Schematic illustrations of Ammonicrinus sulcatus Kongiel, 1958 after Piotrowski (1977). A. Lateral cross section through the feeding crinoid (Piotrowski 1977: 209, fig. 3). B. Former reconstruction of life time position (Piotrowski 1977: 208, fig. 2). Not to scale.
Fig. 11 in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 11. The lecanocrinid species Ammonicrinus kerdreoletensis Le Menn and Jaouen, 2003 (GIK−2121) from Vireux−Molhain (locality 12, Appendix 1), France, lower Eifelian (Middle Devonian); lateral view of long mesistele, proxistele and huge cup (arrow) on matrix. Scale bar 10 mm.
Fig. 10. The lecanocrinid species Ammonicrinus sulcatus from locality 1 in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 10. The lecanocrinid species Ammonicrinus sulcatus from locality 1 (A–G, I–Q) and 2 (H) (see Appendix 1). A–D. Facet views of GIK−2104–2107, showing nodular tubercles and spine−tubercles on exterior flanks of the columnals of the mesistele. E. Facet view (E1) and view of the exterior flank of a specimen (E2) (GIK−2108), showing tubercles and spine−tubercles on exterior flank of the columnal of the mesistele. F. Facet view of a specimen (GIK−2109), showing tubercles and spine−tubercles on exterior flank of the columnal of the mesistele. G. Facet view of a strongly sculptured columnal (GIK−2110) of the distal−most mesistele, showing connection to the dististele. H. Facet view of a columnal of the distal−most mesistele (GIK−2111), showing long LCEE and connection to the dististele. I. Facet view of a columnal of the distal−most mesistele (GIK−2112), showing relatively long LCEE and connection to the dististele. J. Interior view of a distal−most, barrel−like columnal of the mesistele (GIK−2113) with LCEE. K. Interior view of a distal−most, barrel−like columnal of the mesistele (GIK−2114), with partly preserved LCEE. L. Facet view of a juvenile distal columnal of the mesistele (GIK−2115) with nodular tubercles on exterior flank and on LCEE. M–N. Juvenile columnals of the proximal mesistele in facet views, showing well developed nodes on exterior flanks. M. GIK−2116. N. GIK−2117. O. Facet view of a juvenile distal columnal of the mesistele (GIK−2118) with nodular tubercles on exterior flank and on LCEE. P. Lateral view (P1) and view of the exterior flank (P2) of the partly preserved mesistele (GIK−2119); the specimen shows nodular tubercles, spine−tubercles and a few partly preserved spines (arrow). Q. Facet view (Q1) and lateral view (Q2) of a cracked, coiled mesistele (GIK−2120), showing several tuberculated and concave ossicles of the cup (arrows). Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 15 in Revision of the flexible crinoid genus Ammonicrinus and a new hypothesis on its life mode
Fig. 15. Schematic sketches of different LCEE of the mesistele in uncoiled (above) and coiled positions (below), indicating evolution of perfecting the crown−encasing in coiled position by modifying the extensions form Emsian to Givetian. A. Lateral view of Ammonicrinus kerdreoletensis Le Menn and Jaouen, 2003, showing similar shaped columnals with very short LCEE; thus, the crown is laterally nearly unprotected in coiled position. B. Lateral view of Ammonicrinus wanneri Springer, 1926, with lengthened LCEE of the similar shaped columnals, which lattice−like guarded the crown in coiled position. C. Lateral view of Ammonicrinus sulcatus Kongiel, 1958, showing smaller columnals of the mesistele, which are interconnected with longer ones and afford lateral density of the coiled stem. D. Lateral view of Ammonicrinus doliiformis Wolburg, 1938a (for 1937), showing regularly or irregularly arranged columnals with longer and shorter LCEE, which were interconnected with several columnals showing broadened convex and concave extensions that could interlock in coiled position.
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