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Landsat-based maps of irrigated dry season cropping in Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey

Landsat-based maps of irrigated dry-season cropping in Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey Long-term monitoring of the extent and intensity of irrigation systems is needed to track crop water consumption and to optimize land use in a changing climate. We mapped the expansion and land use intensity of irrigated dry season cropping in Turkey´s Southeastern Anatolia Project annually from 1990 to 2018 using Landsat time series and Google Earth Engine. This dataset includes multiple maps documenting the expansion and land use intensity of irrigated dry season cropping in Turkey´s largest irrigation scheme. We aggregated all Landsat imagery acquired during the July through September for the period 1990 to 2018 into spectral-temporal metrics and predicted dry season cropping annually using a machine learning classifier. We performed several post-processing steps to derive multiple map products for all areas with at least two dry season cropping cycles in the study period. The dataset comes in .zip format and includes the following map products: <ul> <li>gap_dsc_fst.tif: first year of dry season cropping</li> <li>gap_dsc_yrs.tif: number of years with dry season cropping</li> <li>gap_dsc_frq.tif: dry season cropping frequency (% of years since first dry season cultivation):</li> <li>gap_dsc_trd.tif: five-year dry season cropping frequency trend magnitude</li> <li>gap_dsc_pvl.tif: significance level (p-values)</li> </ul> Spatial coverage The maps come in 30m spatial resolution and cover the Southeastern Anatolia Project (Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi, GAP) region. The region consists of nine provinces which account for approximately 10% of the Turkish land area.  Temporal coverage The analyses cover the period 1990-2018. The first year of dry season cropping and the number of years with dry season cropping represent the time period 1990-2017. The temporal coverage of dry season cropping frequency varies on a pixel level, depending on the initial year of dry-season cultivation. The temporal coverage of the trend indicators also vary on a pixel level and furthermore have a constrained maximum temporal coverage of 1992-2012 due to the post-processing steps involved. Data format The data are delivered as 16bit single layer GeoTIFFs in EPSG:3035 projection. The images are LZW compressed, and have NoData value 0. Publication & further information Please see the publication for further information on the methodology and accuracy of the map products: Rufin, P.; Müller, D.; Schwieder, M.; Pflugmacher, D.; Hostert, P. (2020): Landsat time series reveal simultaneous expansion and intensification of irrigated dry season cropping in Southeastern Turkey. Journal of Land Use Science. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2020.1858198 Acknowledgments This research contributes to the Landsat Science Team 2018-2023 (http://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/nli/landsat/landsat-science-teams) and the Global Land Programme (https://glp.earth/). We gratefully acknowledge the open cloud processing platform provided by Google.

FIG. 6 in The first report of Lesbosoxylon Süss & Velitzelos from the early-middle Miocene of eastern Anatolia

FIG. 6. — Wood features of Lesbosoxylon kemaliyensis Akkemik & Mantzouka, sp. nov.: A, radial section with axial resin canal (arrow); B-D, 1-3 seriate of tracheidal pitting, and crassulae formation common (white arrow); E, pinoid type cross-field pitting, 1-2 pits per cross-field on one row, and smooth end wall of ray cell; F, six pits on two rows in a cross-field (arrow); G, pit border on ray tracheids (arrow); H, one-two seriate of smooth-walled ray tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, 100 µm; C-G, 20 µm; H, 30 µm.

FIG. 5 in The first report of Lesbosoxylon Süss & Velitzelos from the early-middle Miocene of eastern Anatolia

FIG. 5. — Wood features of Lesbosoxylon kemaliyensis Akkemik & Mantzouka, sp. nov.: A, Biseriate ray (black arrow) and tracheids with resin material (white arrow); B, a tall fusiform ray (arrow); C, D, big rays with idioblast-like cells (asterisk); E, heterocelluler ray cells in a ray; F, G, H, I, axial parenchyma cells with smooth end walls (white arrows), and slightly nodular end walls (black arrow). Scale bars: A, B, E, 100 µm; C, D, F-I, 20 µm.

FIG. 2 in The first report of Lesbosoxylon Süss & Velitzelos from the early-middle Miocene of eastern Anatolia

FIG. 2. — Geology and stratigraphic section of the site (early-middle Miocene Divriği formation, Erzincan province, east-central Turkey).

FIG. 4 in The first report of Lesbosoxylon Süss & Velitzelos from the early-middle Miocene of eastern Anatolia

FIG. 4. — Wood features of Lesbosoxylon kemaliyensis Akkemik & Mantzouka, sp. nov.: A, B, transversal section with gradual transition from earlywood to latewood (arrow); C, traumatic resin canals in transversal section (arrow); D, uniseriate rays in tangential section (arrow); E, fusiform ray with horizontal resin canal, and resinous cells around the ray (arrow). Scale bars: A-C, E, 200 µm; D, 100 µm.

FIG. 3 in The first report of Lesbosoxylon Süss & Velitzelos from the early-middle Miocene of eastern Anatolia

FIG. 3. — The petrified wood used in description (specimen KEM01, 7 × 8 × 19 cm, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Forestry).

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Fig. 3 in A new Otiorhynchus Germar, 1822 subgenus Tecutinus Reitter, 1912 from Anatolia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Fig. 3. Map providing an overview on all Otiorhynchus (Tecutinus) species described so far: 1) brevicornis BoHEMAN, 1842; 2) caesareus K. DANIEL, 1906; 3) catonii LoNA, 1943; 4) crassicornis GYLLENHAL, 1839; 5) cribripennis HocHHuTH, 1851; 6) crinitellus K. DANIEL & Ι. DANIEL, 1902; 7) escherichi REITTER, 1898; 8) fremuthi BRAuN, 1989; 9) gymnopterus K. DANIEL & Ι. DANIEL, 1902; 10) heinzianus BRAuN, 1988; 11) ikisderensis SMREczYÑsKI, 1970; 12) karagolensis SMREczYÑsKI, 1970; 13) kindermanni STIERLIN, 1861; 14) latifrons STIERLIN, 1890; 15) lefkaoriensis GERMANN & CoLoNNELLI, 2015; 16) paracrinitellus BRAuN, 1989; 17) pseudocribripennis BRAuN, 1988; 18) riedeli BRAuN, 1989; 19) salbakosanus LoNA, 1943; 20) soganliensis SMREczYÑsKI, 1977; 21) staveni BRAuN, 2000; 22) tmolosensis LoNA, 1943; 23) torulensis BENEDIKT, 2000; 24) charleshuberi sp. nov. (copyright by Google).

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Figs 1 A–B in A new Otiorhynchus Germar, 1822 subgenus Tecutinus Reitter, 1912 from Anatolia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Figs 1 A–B. Habitus of Otiorhynchus (Tecutinus) charleshuberi sp. nov., A) holotype male. B) paratype female.

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Figs 2 A–F in A new Otiorhynchus Germar, 1822 subgenus Tecutinus Reitter, 1912 from Anatolia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Figs 2 A–F. Genitalia of holotype male (A–C) and paratype female (D–F) of Otiorhynchus (Tecutinus) charleshuberi sp. nov. A) penis dorsal B) ditto lateral C) internal sac D) ovipositor E) spiculum ventrale F) spermatheca.

Figure 8 in Otolith characteristics of species, subspecies, and populations of Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from Anatolia (Turkey)

Figure 8. Zoogeographic map (after Wildekamp 1993, modified). Identical symbols indicate similar otolith morphologies. Aphanius anatoliae is represented by circles, A. asquamatus by a star, A. danfordii by crosses, and A. villwocki by squares.

Figure 2 in Otolith characteristics of species, subspecies, and populations of Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from Anatolia (Turkey)

Figure 2. Photographs of males (left) and females (right) of Aphanius anatoliae anatoliae (1–8) and A. anatoliae splendens (9, 10).

Figure 3 in Otolith characteristics of species, subspecies, and populations of Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from Anatolia (Turkey)

Figure 3. Left sagittae of Aphanius anatoliae anatoliae of south-west Anatolia (Lake District), except (k) right sagitta, mirrored. Localities: Yeşilova/Lake Salda (a–f), Doğanbaba/Lake Salda (g–j), Düğer (k–m), Lake Avlan (n–u), Işıklı dam (v, w). (a–h, k, n–r) Females; (i, j, l, m, s–w) males.

Figure 4 in Otolith characteristics of species, subspecies, and populations of Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) from Anatolia (Turkey)

Figure 4. Left sagittae of Aphanius anatoliae anatoliae of south-west (Lake District) (a–g) and western central Anatolia (h–t), except (a) right sagitta, mirrored. Localities: Kovada Canal (a, b), Lake Eğirdir/Barla (c, d), Lake Eğirdir/Eğirdir (e–g), Eflatunpınarı/Beyşehir (h–m), İnsuyu/Cihanbeyli (n), and Akkaya/Niğde (o–t). (a, c, e, f, h–j, o–q) Females; (b, d, g, k–n, r–t) males.

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FIG. 2 in Early Eocene Caenogastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Haymana-Polatl Basin, Central Anatolia (Turkey): taxonomy and palaeoecology

FIG. 2. — Correlation table between the time scales, stages and biozones for the Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene chronostratigraphy (compiled from Berggren et al. 1985, 1995; Serra-Kiel et al. 1998; Berggren & Aubry 1998; Aubry 2000; Luterbacher et al. 2004; Pujalte et al. 2009a, b).

Fig. 1 in Hypericum celikaensis (Hypericaceae), a new species from southeastern Anatolia (Adıyaman-Turkey)

Fig. 1.– Distribution map of species belonging to Hypericum sect. Arthrophyllum Jaub. & Spach: H. cardiophyllum Boiss. (yellow), H. celikaensis Fırat & Eroğlu (red), H. nanum Poir. (brown), H. pamphylicum N. Robson & P.H. Davis (black), H. rupestre Jaub. & Spach (white),

Fig. 3 in Hypericum celikaensis (Hypericaceae), a new species from southeastern Anatolia (Adıyaman-Turkey)

Fig. 3. – Dissected flowers and capsules of Hypericum celikaensis Fırat & Eroğlu (A–G) and H. rupestre Jaub. & Spach (H–L). A,H. Bracts; B –D, I. Sepals; E, J. Petals; F,K. Stamens and ovaries; G, L. Capsules.

Fig. 4 in Hypericum celikaensis (Hypericaceae), a new species from southeastern Anatolia (Adıyaman-Turkey)

Fig. 4. – Hypericum celikaensis Fırat & Eroğlu (A–D), H. rupestre Jaub. & Spach (E–H), and H. cardiophyllum Boiss. (I–L). A, E, I. Habit; B, F, J. Inflorescences; C, G, K. Flowers. D, H, L. Habitat.

Fig. 2 in Hypericum celikaensis (Hypericaceae), a new species from southeastern Anatolia (Adıyaman-Turkey)

Fig. 2. – Hypericum celikaensis Fırat & Eroğlu. A, C, D. Habit; B. Inflorescence and flowers; E. Leaves and venation; F. Habitat. [Photos: M. Fırat]

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Fig. 2 in Assessing The Abundance Of Caucasian Salamander, Mertensiella Caucasica (Caudata, Salamandridae), With N-Mixture Model In Northeastern Anatolia

Fig. 2. The average abundance of Caucasian salamanders from the East Black Sea Region, Turkey. X-axis shows the sampling plots number in each city; Y-axis shows the estimated population size.