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18 results for “Andean biogeography”
Fig. 3 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 3. Variation of the type series showing the dorsal (left column) and ventral (right column) views of paratypes. A–B. ♂, CORBIDI 14468 (SVL = 54.5). C–D. ♂, CORBIDI 14469 (SVL = 59.6). E–F. ♀, CORBIDI 14470 (SVL = 51.6).
Fig. 8 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 8. Lateral views comparing the condition of tubercles on flanks and sides of the neck (red arrows) and anterodorsal scales on limbs (green arrows). A. Potamites hydroimperator sp. nov. (paratype ♂, CORBIDI 14468). B. P. ecpleopus Cope, 1875 (uncollected ♂) from Yurimaguas. C. P. ecpleopus Cope, 1875, ♂ (CORBIDI 9516) from Cerros de Kampankis. Photographs by Germán Chávez (A), Angel Chujutalli (B) and Alessandro Catenazzi (C).
Fig. 4 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 4. Lateral (left columns) and dorsal (right columns) views of the head of all species of Potamites Doan & Castoe, 2005, showing condition of superciliars (turquoise), loreal (purple), frontonasals (yellow), parietals and interparietal (blue), postparietals (red), and azygous scales (green). A–B. P. hydroimperator sp. nov. (CORBIDI 13915, holotype). C–D. P. ecpleopus Cope, 1875 (CORBIDI 9059). E–F. P. erythrocularis Chávez & Catenazzi, 2014 (MUSM 28056, holotype). G–H. P.juruazensis Avila-Pires & Vitt, 2001 (CORBIDI 15504). I–J. P. montanicola Chávez & Vasquez, 2012 (CORBIDI 8322, holotype). K–L. P. ocellatus Sinitsin, 1930 (AMNH 22512, holotype). M–N. P. strangulatus Cope, 1868 (CORBIDI 11415). O–P. P. trachodus Uzzell, 1966 (CORBIDI 15515).
Fig. 7 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 7. Keeled dorsum in species of Potamites Doan & Castoe, 2005 showing the pattern of the dorsolateral keeled rows (blue) and paravertebral keeled rows (red). A. P. hydroimperator sp. nov. (CORBIDI 13915, holotype). B. P. ecpleopus Cope, 1875 (CORBIDI 11338). C. P. erythrocularis Chávez & Catenazzi, 2014 (CORBIDI 21841). D. P.juruazensis Avila-Pires & Vitt, 2001 (MPEG 17775, holotype). E. P. montanicola Chávez & Vasquez, 2012 (CORBIDI 8322, holotype). F. P. ocellatus Sinitsin, 1930 (AMNH 22512, holotype). G. P. trachodus Uzzell, 1966 (CORBIDI 15515).
Fig. 2 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 2. Holotype in life of Potamites hydroimperator sp. nov., CORBIDI 13915 (SVL = 59.4 mm). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Dorsolateral view of the head.
Fig. 6 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 6. Panoramic view of the primary forest on the mountains of the type locality of Potamites hydroimperator sp. nov. in El Sira Communal Reserve.
Fig. 5 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 5. Coloration in life of males of all species of Potamites Doan & Castoe, 2005 ocurrying in Peru. A–B. P. hydroimperator sp. nov. (CORBIDI 14468). C–D. P. ecpleopus Cope, 1875 (CORBIDI 9516). E–F. P. erythrocularis Chávez & Catenazzi, 2014 (MUSM 30260). G–H. P.juruazensis Avila-Pires & Vitt, 2001 (CORBIDI 15504). I–J. P. montanicola Chávez & Vasquez, 2012 (CORBIDI 10596). K–L. P. strangulatus Cope, 1868 (CORBIDI 11415). M–N. P. trachodus Uzzell, 1966 (CORBIDI 15515). Photographs by Germán Chávez (A–B, G–J, M–N) and Alessandro Catenazzi (C–F, K–L).
Data from: Molecular phylogenetics, species diversity, and biogeography of the Andean lizards Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)
The family Gymnophthalmidae comprises ca. 220 described species of Neotropical lizards distributed from southern Mexico to Argentina. It includes 36 genera, among them Proctoporus, which contains six currently recognized species occurring across the yungas forests and wet montane grasslands of the Amazonian versant of the Andes from central Peru to central Bolivia. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships and species limits of Proctoporus and closely related taxa by analyzing 2121 base pairs of mitochondrial (12S, 16S, and ND4) and nuclear (c-mos) genes. Our taxon sampling of 92 terminals includes all currently recognized species of Proctoporus and 15 additional species representing the most closely related groups to the genus. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses recovered a congruent, fully resolved, and strongly supported hypothesis of relationships that challenges previous phylogenetic hypotheses and classifications, and biogeographic scenarios. Our main results are: (i) discovery of a strongly supported clade that includes all species of Proctoporus and within which are nested the monotypic Opipeuter xestus (a genus that we consider a junior synonym of Proctoporus), and two species of Euspondylus, that are therefore transferred to Proctoporus; (ii) the paraphyly of Proctoporus bolivianus with respect to P. subsolanus, which is proposed as a junior synonym of P. bolivianus; (iii) the detection of seven divergent and reciprocally monophyletic lineages (five of them previously assigned to P. bolivianus) that are considered confirmed candidate species, which implies that more candidate species are awaiting formal description and naming than currently recognized species in the genus; (iv) rejection of the hypothesis that Proctoporus diversified following a south to north pattern parallel to the elevation of the Andes; (v) species diversity in Proctoporus is the result of in situ diversification through vicariance in the grasslands of the high Andes, with at least five dispersals contributing to montane forest species.
FIGURE 2 in The rare Andean pitviper Rhinocerophis jonathani (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae): redescription with comments on its systematics and biogeography
FIGURE 2. Facial lepidosis pattern in Rhinocerophis jonathani (CBF 2318, Tarija, Head length: 33mm). Canthals, elongated loreal and prefoveals shaded.
FIGURE 4 in The rare Andean pitviper Rhinocerophis jonathani (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae): redescription with comments on its systematics and biogeography
FIGURE 4. Dorsal and ventral view of the cranium of Rhinocerophis jonathani (CBF 2319). Scale bar: 4 mm.
FIGURE 3 in The rare Andean pitviper Rhinocerophis jonathani (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae): redescription with comments on its systematics and biogeography
FIGURE 3. Variation in the dorsal cephalic pattern in Rhinocerophis jonathani. (A: MNKR 718; B: MNKR 2036; C: MKR 1618; D: CBF 2673; E: CBGR 65; F: CBF 2318; G: CBF 2319; H: 2320; I: MHNC-R 206; J: MHNC-R 207; K: FML 1050; L: FML 570).
FIGURE 1 in The rare Andean pitviper Rhinocerophis jonathani (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae): redescription with comments on its systematics and biogeography
FIGURE 1. Rhinocerophis jonathani from Padcaya, Tarija, Bolivia (MHNC-R live collection, uncatalogued. Photo: Arturo Muñoz Saravia).
FIGURE 7 in The rare Andean pitviper Rhinocerophis jonathani (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae): redescription with comments on its systematics and biogeography
FIGURE 7. Hemipenis of Rhinocerophis jonathani (MNKR 718) in sulcate (left) and asulcate (right) views.
FIGURE 8 in The rare Andean pitviper Rhinocerophis jonathani (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae): redescription with comments on its systematics and biogeography
FIGURE 8. Distribution of the Rhinocerophis jonathani specimens examined. 1: Caballero, Santa Cruz; 2: Valle Grande, Santa Cruz; 3: Quillacollo, Cochabamba; 4: Curqui, Tarija; 5: Quebrada de Loray, Tarija; 6: Padcaya, Tarija; 7: Santa Victoria, Salta; 8: Sierras de Santa Bárbara, Jujuy; 9: La Caldera, Salta.
Data from: Molecular phylogenetics, species diversity, and biogeography of the Andean lizards Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)
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Fig. 1 in A new riparian Andean Potamites (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae) from El Sira Mountains, central Peru, with comments on P. ecpleopus Cope 1875, and on the taxonomy and biogeography of Potamites
Fig. 1. Map showing the type locality of Potamites hydroimperator sp. nov. (red star), and the potential geographic distribution of P. ecpleopus Cope, 1875: Balsapuerto, Moyobamba, and Rioja, proposed by Uzzell (1966) adding Pongo de Caynarachi and Cerros de Kampankis as potential localities suggested herein.
FIGURE 5 in The rare Andean pitviper Rhinocerophis jonathani (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae): redescription with comments on its systematics and biogeography
FIGURE 5. Lateral view of the cranium of Rhinocerophis jonathani (MNKR 1618). Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIGURE 6 in The rare Andean pitviper Rhinocerophis jonathani (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae): redescription with comments on its systematics and biogeography
FIGURE 6. Mandible of Rhinocerophis jonathani (MNKR 1618). Scale bar: 7 mm.
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