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30 results for “Animal activity”
Vocalization data and scripts to model reindeer rut activity using on-animal acoustic recorders and machine learning
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Medial prefrontal cortex and anteromedial thalamus interaction regulates motivation related behavior and dopaminergic neuron activity: Animal Behavior
<p>The excel Source DATA file contains the data described in Figures 2c, 2d, 2f, and 3b and Supplementary Figure 3b and 3c. The fiber photometry data described in Supplementary Figure 9 are found in the CSV files. The CSV file names reflect animal IDs. </p>
Earthworms increase the potential for enzymatic bio-activation of biochars made from co-pyrolyzing animal manures and plastic wastes
<p>We assessed the enzymatic activation of four different biochars produced from pyrolyzing swine manure and poultry litter, and by co-pyrolyzing these livestock residues with agricultural spent mulch plastic film wastes (plastichars). Enzymatic activation consisted of incubating biochars in soil inoculated with earthworms (<em>Lumbricus terrestris</em>), which acted as biological vectors to facilitate retention of extracellular enzymes onto biochar surface. The activity of carboxylesterase ‒a pesticide-detoxifying enzyme‒ was measured in non-bioturbed soils (reference), linings of the burrows created by earthworms, casts (feces) and biochar particles recovered from the soil.</p>
Different sources of natural products from the (a) bacterial, (b) archaeal, (c) fungal, (d) protozoan, (e) chromistan, (f) plant and (g) animal kingdoms, the rationale(s) for screening them for antibacterial activity, and associated advantages and disadvantages
<p>This table of information is from the review article 'Bioprospecting for Antibacterial drugs: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Natural Product Source Material, Bioassay Selection and Avoidable Pitfalls' (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1</a>).</p>
Describing and mapping of the main existing structures and systematic initiatives and academic activities for surveillance in the EU for zoonoses (transboundary, emerging and re-emerging) in domestic animals and wildlife
<p>These annexes refer to a report which describes and maps the main existing structures and systematic initiatives and academic activities for surveillance in the EU for transboundary, emerging and re-emerging zoonoses in domestic animals, wildlife, and the environment, developed by the different sectors, namely human, domestic animal, wildlife and environmental, under One Health approach. This is essential to provide scientific and technical advice and improve future schemes of surveillance. A questionnaire was compiled by MSs and the information collected was complemented by literature reviews about (i) the main existing structures and systematic initiatives or activities, and (ii) academic activities for surveillance in the EU for zoonoses in domestic animals and wildlife. The annexes to the report are as follows:</p> <p>Annex 1. Questionnaire survey on official zoonotic disease surveillance activities in the EU and neighbouring countries.</p> <p>- Sheet 1: PART 1 – Surveillance. This part explores the general organization of the surveillance plan</p> <p>- Sheet 2: PART 2 – Pathogens. This part aims to identify target pathogen and species and methods for surveillance</p> <p>Annex 2. Characteristic of surveillance plans.</p> <p>- Sheet “Pathogens”, where not primary but also a wide range of hosts are summarized.</p> <p>- Sheet “active/passive surveillance” by country</p> <p>- Sheet “origin of funding” (the proportion and number) of surveillance plans</p> <p>Annex 3. More detailed distribution of active and passive surveillance planaccording to countries and pathogen is presented in this Annex.</p> <p>Annex 4. Standardized data model (to extract key information to characterize the surveillance systems in the literature review on systematic surveillance. The data model was divided into two parts:</p> <p>- Sheet 1: PART 1 – Surveillance system (explores the general organization)</p> <p>- Sheet 2: PART 2 – Pathogens (identifies the target pathogen, species, and methods)</p> <p>Annex 5. Standardized data model used during the literature review to extract key information to characterize the surveillance performed by the academia</p>
Earthworms increase the potential for enzymatic bio-activation of biochars made from co-pyrolyzing animal manures and plastic wastes
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Data from: Remote activation of place codes by gaze in a highly visual animal
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Data from: Fear of feces? Trade-offs between disease risk and foraging drive animal activity around raccoon latrines
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Data from: How to quantify animal activity from radio-frequency identification (RFID) recordings
Automated animal monitoring via radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology allows efficient and extensive data sampling of individual activity levels, and is therefore commonly used for ecological research. However, processing RFID data is still a largely unresolved problem, which potentially leads to inaccurate estimates for behavioural activity. One of the major challenges during data processing is to isolate independent behavioural actions from a set of superfluous, non-independent detections. As a case study, individual blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) were simultaneously monitored during reproduction with both video recordings and RFID technology. We demonstrated how RFID data can be processed based on the time spent in- and outside a nest box. We then validated the number and timing of nest visits obtained from the processed RFID dataset by calibration against video recordings. The video observations revealed a limited overlap between the time spent in- and outside the nest box, with the least overlap at 23 seconds for both sexes. We then isolated exact arrival times from redundant RFID registrations by erasing all successive registrations within 23 seconds after the preceding registration. After aligning the processed RFID data with the corresponding video recordings, we observed a high accuracy in three behavioural estimates of parental care (individual nest visit rates, within-pair alternation and synchronization of nest visits). We provide a clear guideline for future studies that aim to implement RFID technology in their research. We argue that our suggested RFID data processing procedure improves the precision of behavioural estimates, despite some inevitable drawbacks inherent to the technology. Our method is useful, not only for other cavity breeding birds, but for a wide range of (in)vertebrate species that are large enough to be fitted with a tag and that regularly pass near or through a fixed antenna.
The effects of exploratory behavior on physical activity in a common animal model of human disease, zebrafish (Danio rerio)
<p>Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are widely accepted as a multidisciplinary vertebrate model for neurobehavioral and clinical studies, and more recently have become established as a model for exercise physiology and behavior. Individual differences in activity level (e.g., exploration) have been characterized in zebrafish, however, how different levels of exploration correspond to differences in motivation to engage in swimming behavior has not yet been explored. We screened individual zebrafish in two tests of exploration: the open field and novel tank diving tests. The fish were then exposed to a tank in which they could choose to enter a compartment with a flow of water (as a means of testing voluntary motivation to exercise). After a 2-day habituation period, behavioral observations were conducted. We used correlative analyses to investigate the robustness of the different exploration tests. Due to the complexity of dependent behavioral variables, we used machine learning to determine the personality variables that were best at predicting swimming behavior. Our results show that contrary to our predictions, the correlation between novel tank diving test variables and open field test variables was relatively weak. Novel tank diving variables were more correlated with themselves than open field variables were to each other. Males exhibited stronger relationships between behavioral variables than did females. In terms of swimming behavior, fish that spent more time in the swimming zone spent more time actively swimming, however, swimming behavior was inconsistent across the time of the study. All relationships between swimming variables and exploration tests were relatively weak, though novel tank diving test variables had stronger correlations. Machine learning showed that three novel tank diving variables (entries top/bottom, movement rate, average top entry duration) and one open field variable (proportion of time spent frozen) were the best predictors of swimming behavior, demonstrating that the novel tank diving test is a powerful tool to investigate exploration. Increased knowledge about how individual differences in exploration may play a role in swimming behavior in zebrafish is fundamental to their utility as a model of exercise physiology and behavior.</p>
Table. Effects of sea animal colonization on the coupling between dynamics and activity of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in maritime Antarctica.
<p> In this study, we chose active seal colony tundra soils (STS), penguin colony soil (PTS) and its adjacent penguin-lacking tundra soils (PLS), tundra marsh soils (MS), and background tundra soils (BS), to investigate the effects of sea animal colonization on the abundance, activity and diversity of AOA and AOB in maritime Antarctica. </p>
Inpatient Physical Activity Function Through Enhanced Participation Levels in Animal-Assisted Therapy Programs
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02606006. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 33.
The Impact of an Animal-assisted Activity on the Stress Level of Hospitalized Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04663815. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
The effects of exploratory behavior on physical activity in a common animal model of human disease, zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Data from: How to quantify animal activity from radio-frequency identification (RFID) recordings
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Data from: Active buoyancy adjustment increases dispersal potential in benthic marine animals
1. While the study of dispersal and connectivity in the ocean typically centers on pelagic species and planktonic larval stages of benthic species, the present work explores an overlooked locomotor means in post-settlement benthic stages that redefines their dispersal potential. 2. Members of the echinoderm class Holothuroidea colonize a diversity of marine environments worldwide, where they play key ecological and economical roles, making their conservation a priority. Holothuroids are commonly called sea cucumbers or sea slugs to reflect their slow movements and are assumed to disperse chiefly through pelagic larvae. 3. The present study documents and explores their unexpected ability to actively modify their buoyancy, leading them to tumble or float at speeds orders of magnitudes faster than through benthic crawling. Two focal species representing different taxonomic orders, geographic distributions and reproductive strategies were studied over several years. 4. Active buoyancy adjustment (ABA) was achieved through a rapid increase in seawater to flesh ratio by up to 740%, leading to bloating, and simultaneously detachment from the substrate. It occurred as early as 6 months post settlement in juveniles and was recorded in wild adult populations. In experimental trials, ABA was triggered by high conspecific density, decreasing salinity and increasing water turbidity. Based on field video footage, ABA-assisted movements generated speeds of up to 90 km d-1. 5. These findings imply that displacement during planktonic larval stages may not supersede the locomotor capacity of benthic stages, challenging the notion of sedentarity. Combining the present results and anecdotal reports, ABA emerges as a generalized means of dispersal among benthic animals, with critical implications for worldwide management and conservation of commercially and ecologically significant species.
Data from: An active-radio-frequency-identification system capable of identifying co-locations and social-structure: validation with a wild free-ranging animal
Behavioural events that are important for understanding sociobiology and movement ecology are often rare, transient and localised, but can occur at spatially distant sites e.g. territorial incursions and co-locating individuals. Existing animal tracking technologies, capable of detecting such events, are limited by one or more of: battery life; data resolution; location accuracy; data security; ability to co-locate individuals both spatially and temporally. Technology that at least partly resolves these limitations would be advantageous. European badgers (Meles meles L.), present a challenging test-bed, with extra-group paternity (apparent from genotyping) contradicting established views on rigid group territoriality with little social-group mixing. In a proof of concept study we assess the utility of a fully automated active-radio-frequency-identification (aRFID) system combining badger-borne aRFID-tags with static, wirelessly-networked, aRFID-detector base-stations to record badger co-locations at setts (burrows) and near notional border latrines. We summarise the time badgers spent co-locating within and between social-groups, applying network analysis to provide evidence of co-location based community structure, at both these scales. The aRFID system co-located animals within 31.5 m (adjustable) of base-stations. Efficient radio transmission between aRFIDs and base-stations enables a 20 g tag to last for 2–5 years (depending on transmission interval). Data security was high (data stored off tag), with remote access capability. Badgers spent most co-location time with members of their own social-groups at setts; remaining co-location time was divided evenly between intra- and inter-social-group co-locations near latrines and inter-social-group co-locations at setts. Network analysis showed that 20–100% of tracked badgers engaged in inter-social-group mixing per week, with evidence of trans-border super-groups, that is, badgers frequently transgressed notional territorial borders. aRFID occupies a distinct niche amongst established tracking technologies. We validated the utility of aRFID to identify co-locations, social-structure and inter-group mixing within a wild badger population, leading us to refute the conventional view that badgers (social-groups) are territorial and to question management strategies, for controlling bovine TB, based on this model. Ultimately aRFID proved a versatile system capable of identifying social-structure at the landscape scale, operating for years and suitable for use with a range of species.
Data from: A new Magneto-Inductive tracking technique to uncover subterranean activity: what do animals do underground?
1. Despite the importance of the subterranean ecotope, knowledge of underground movement and behaviour has been extremely limited. Previous technologies have relied upon techniques with very low spatial or temporal resolution, such as VHF telemetry. Rather incongruously therefore, relatively simple underground activity regimes have often been assumed, with insufficient attention to the ecological importance of burrow use. 2. We test the capability of Magneto-Inductive (MI) tracking, recording underground movement within a European badger sett over a two week period in February. These data allowed us to: quantify subterranean movement; extrapolate the three-dimensional burrow architecture; simultaneously track multiple individuals; and establish the function of specific movement patterns; demonstrating the technique's utility. Contrasting data generated using MI tracking, against the resolution achievable with VHF tracking, we establish how sampling frequency can influence the percecption of movement. 3. Taking 20 locational fixes per minute, MI collars operated for one year before on-board batteries failed, resulting in an average five billion data points per collar deployment. Socio-ecologically we found that rather than foraging continuously throughout the night, badgers returned to the sett an average of 2.2 times, approximately every 3-4 hours. From burrow mapping, badgers tended to use peripheral chambers for ca. 45 minutes on these return visits,These outlying chambers were used less by day, when badgers selected deeper chambers, suggesting each chamber type fulfils a different function. This technology also exposed that badgers exhibited a far greater extent of underground movement than revealed by former technologies, which by comparison captured less than 0.5% of subterranean activity. Importantly, these high-resolution data showed that individuals left, returned to, and moved about the sett independently, with no tendency for synchronous subterranean activity. 4. In overview, magneto-inductive tracking proved relatively simple and cost effective to deploy, it provided very detailed and accurate subterranean fixes, and was robust enough for long-term field deployment. Furthermore, the capabilities of MI are highly transferable, enabling a better understanding of underground activity and the ecological importance of subterranean burrows for the conservation and management of a wide range of species.
Data from: Overall dynamic body acceleration measures activity differently on large vs small aquatic animals
<p>Acceleration-based proxies for activity and energy expenditure are widely used in bio-logging studies of animal movement and locomotion to explore biomechanical strategies, energetic costs of behaviour, habitat use and the impact of anthropogenic disturbance. The foremost such proxy is Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration (ODBA) along with variants VeDBA and PDBA. This technique, which involves summing the magnitude of high-pass-filtered acceleration signals (the so-called dynamic acceleration) over a reference interval, has been applied to animals as diverse as shags, lobsters, humans and whales. The relationship between ODBA and energy use has been tested empirically on animals small enough to house in laboratory facilities and arguments have been offered for why the method should be generally applicable, however validations on larger animals are scant.</p> <p><span>Here, we examine how body size impacts ODBA and its variants under steady locomotion in large aquatic animals, using cetaceans as model species. To do this, we first develop a simplified mathematical model for the acceleration signals that would be measured by a tag on a swimming animal. We then test this model with empirical data gathered using bio-logging tags on whale species covering nearly an order of magnitude difference in body length from 1.3 m harbour porpoises to 12 m sperm whales.</span></p> <p><span>We show that the motions measured by ODBA can be fundamentally different in small compared to large aquatic animals. Whereas dynamic acceleration in small animals is predominantly due to specific acceleration (i.e., actual accelerative motions generated by muscle action), in larger aquatic animals body rotations (i.e., changes in orientation that accompany swimming and manoeuvring) can dominate the measured acceleration. </span></p> <p><span>As body rotations do not necessarily increase in magnitude as swimming speed increases, ODBA may under-estimate the relative cost of behaviours or responses to disturbance in large aquatic animals. This does not lessen the value of ODBA for small animals, but it raises a caution against uncritical use on larger animals. For large aquatic animals, activity proxies that specifically remove body rotations using gyroscopes or magnetometers may provide more consistent estimates of energy use although these methods are yet to be validated.</span></p>
Wellness Effects of Animal-assisted Activities With Autism Spectrum Disorder Youth in a Specialized Psychiatric Hospital
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03369769. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.