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7 results for “Antarctic blue whale”
Historical baleen plates indicate that once abundant Antarctic blue and fin whales demonstrated distinct migratory and foraging strategies
<p>Southern hemisphere blue (<em>Balaenoptera musculus intermedia</em>) and fin (<em>Balaenoptera physalus</em>) whales are the largest predators in the Southern Ocean, with similarities in morphology and distribution. Yet, understanding of their life history and foraging is limited due to current low abundances and limited ecological data. To address these gaps, historic Antarctic blue (n = 5) and fin (n = 5) whale baleen plates, collected in 1947–1948 and recently rediscovered in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, were analyzed for bulk (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) stable isotopes. Regular oscillations in isotopic ratios, interpreted as annual cycles, revealed that baleen plates contain approximately six years (14.35 ± 1.20 cm yr<sup>–1</sup>) of life history data in blue whales and four years (16.52 ± 1.86 cm yr<sup>–1</sup>) in fin whales. Isotopic results suggest that: 1) in the 1940s, blue and fin whales fed at the same trophic level but in slightly different habitats, 2) fin whales appear to have had more regular annual migrations, and 3) fin whales may have migrated to ecologically distinct sub-Antarctic waters annually while some blue whales may have resided year-round in the Southern Ocean. These results reveal differences in ecological niche and life history strategies between Antarctic blue and fin whales during a period when their populations were more abundant than today, and before major human-driven climatic changes occurred in the Southern Ocean.</p>
Historical baleen plates indicate that once abundant Antarctic blue and fin whales demonstrated distinct migratory and foraging strategies
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Data from: Circumpolar diversity and geographic differentiation of mtDNA in the critically endangered Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia)
The Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) was hunted to near extinction between 1904 and 1972, declining from an estimated initial abundance of more than 250,000 to fewer than 400. Here, we describe mtDNA control region diversity and geographic differentiation in the surviving population of the Antarctic blue whale, using 218 biopsy samples collected under the auspices of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) during research cruises from 1990–2009. Microsatellite genotypes and mtDNA sequences identified 166 individuals among the 218 samples and documented movement of a small number of individuals, including a female that traveled at least 6,650 km or 131° longitude over four years. mtDNA sequences from the 166 individuals were aligned with published sequences from 17 additional individuals, resolving 52 unique haplotypes from a consensus length of 410 bp. From this minimum census, a rarefaction analysis predicted that only 72 haplotypes (95% CL, 64, 86) have survived in the contemporary population of Antarctic blue whales. However, haplotype diversity was relatively high (0.968±0.004), perhaps as a result of the longevity of blue whales and the relatively recent timing of the bottleneck. Despite the potential for circumpolar dispersal, we found significant differentiation in mtDNA diversity (FST = 0.032, p<0.005) and microsatellite alleles (FST = 0.005, p<0.05) among the six Antarctic Areas historically used by the IWC for management of blue whales.
Data from: Circumpolar diversity and geographic differentiation of mtDNA in the critically endangered Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia)
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Figure 3 in Using calls as an indicator for Antarctic blue whale occurrence and distribution across the southwest Pacific and southeast Indian Oceans
Figure 3. Percentage of hours per month with calls from January 2010 to December 2011 at the Tasman Sea, Samoa, Bass Strait, and Perth Canyon sites. Asterisk (*) months indicate that data were not available.
Figure 2 in Using calls as an indicator for Antarctic blue whale occurrence and distribution across the southwest Pacific and southeast Indian Oceans
Figure 2. Percentage of hours per month with calls over a 12 mo period (January to December) at the Dampier (DM) in 2013, the Perth Canyon (PC) in 2010, Bass Strait (BS) in 2010, Tasman Sea (TS) in 2010, Tonga (TN) in 2010, and Samoa (SA) in 2009 sites. Asterisk (*) months indicate that data were not available.
Figure 1 in Using calls as an indicator for Antarctic blue whale occurrence and distribution across the southwest Pacific and southeast Indian Oceans
Figure 1. Examples of the Antarctic blue whale calls detected from: (a) Dampier on 22 May 2013, (b) Perth Canyon on 9 August 2010, (c) Bass Strait on 7 August 2010, (d) Samoa on 16 January 2011, (e) Tonga on 23 July 2009, and (f) Tasman Sea on 28 April 2011. Spectrogram parameters show 512 samples per frame, 0.625 hop size in Hann window.
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OpenNeuro
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