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19 results for “Antarctic fur seal”
Data from: "Little evidence of inbreeding depression for birth mass, survival and growth in Antarctic fur seal pups"
<p>This data repository contains:</p> <ul> <li><span>"msats_growth_individuals.xlsx" - Microsatellite data (39 loci) of Antarctic fur seals<br></span></li> <li><span>"pup_growth_2017-2020.xlsx" - Birth weight and tagging weight data for pups collected in 2017-2020.<br></span></li> <li><span>"Rebeccas_Samples_Mendel_OriginalPedigree" - SNP array data (75k SNPs) in PLINK format for a subset of individuals<br></span></li> <li><span>"GrowthRM_BI1820_Day60.new.csv" - Repeated weight measures for a subset of individuals</span></li> </ul> <p><strong><br>Manuscript abstract</strong></p> <p><span>Inbreeding depression, the loss of offspring fitness due to consanguineous mating, is generally detrimental for individual performance and population viability.<span> </span>We therefore investigated inbreeding effects in a declining population of Antarctic fur seals (<em>Arctocephalus gazella</em>) at Bird Island, South Georgia.<span> </span>Here, localised warming has reduced the availability of the seal’s staple diet, Antarctic krill, leading to a temporal increase in the strength of selection against inbred offspring, which are increasingly failing to recruit into the adult breeding population.<span> </span>However, it remains unclear whether selection operates before or after nutritional independence at weaning.<span> </span>We therefore used microsatellite data from 885 pups and their mothers, and SNP array data from 98 mother-offspring pairs, to quantify the effects of individual and maternal inbreeding on three important neonatal fitness traits: birth mass, survival and growth.<span> </span>We did not find any clear or consistent effects of offspring or maternal inbreeding on any of these traits.<span> </span>This suggests that selection filters inbred individuals out of the population as juveniles during the time window between weaning and recruitment.<span> </span>Our study brings into focus a poorly understood life-history stage and emphasises the importance of understanding the ecology and threats facing juvenile pinnipeds.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Funding</span></strong></p> <p><span>This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) priority programme “Antarctic Research with Comparative Investigations in Arctic Ice Areas” SPP 1158 (project number 424119118) and the SFB TRR 212 (NC³) (Project Numbers 316099922 & 396774617). This work contributes to the Ecosystems project of the British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, and is part of the Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme.</span></p>
Data from: Refinement of the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) reference genome increases continuity and completeness
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Data from: Terrestrial spatial distribution and summer abundance of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from drone surveys
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Movement patterns and activity levels are shaped by the neonatal environment in Antarctic fur seal pups
<p>All data for the article "Movement patterns and activity levels are shaped by the neonatal environment in Antarctic fur seal pups", published in Scientific Reports.</p> <p>Both the raw data (csv files labelled with individual ID) and the collated data (allData.csv, data5min.csv, furSeals_finalData.csv) are provided. Please see the “README.txt” file for more information on what each raw data file contains. The RMarkddown.pdf includes all code used in the manuscript. If you have any further questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me (Rebecca Nagel) at renagel2@gmail.com.</p>
Antarctic fur seal abundance at South Georgia
<p>Data sets for the abundance analysis of Antarctic fur seal data at South Georgia. Data were obtained from helicopter surveys in 2007–09 and long-term studies at the Special Study Beach of Bird Island, South Georgia, from 1994 to 2022.</p>
Data from: Reproductive success is energetically linked to foraging efficiency in Antarctic fur seals
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Antarctic fur seal abundance at South Georgia
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Risk exposure trade-offs in the ontogeny of sexual segregation in Antarctic fur seal pups
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Data from: Determinants of individual foraging specialisation in large marine vertebrates, the Antarctic and Subantarctic fur seals
1. The degree of individual specialization in resource use differs widely among wild populations where individuals range from fully generalized to highly specialized. This interindividual variation has profound implications in many ecological and evolutionary processes. A recent review proposed four main ecological causes of individual specialization: interspecific and intraspecific competition, ecological opportunity and predation. 2. Using the isotopic signature of subsampled whiskers, we investigated to what degree three of these factors (interspecific and intraspecific competition and ecological opportunity) affect the population niche width and the level of individual foraging specialization in two fur seal species, the Antarctic and subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella and Arctocephalus tropicalis), over several years. 3. Population niche width was greater when the two seal species bred in allopatry (low interspecific competition) than in sympatry or when seals bred in high-density stabilized colonies (high intraspecific competition). In agreement with the niche variation hypothesis (NVH), higher population niche width was associated with higher interindividual niche variation. However, in contrast to the NVH, all Antarctic females increased their niche width during the interbreeding period when they had potential access to a wider diversity of foraging grounds and associated prey (high ecological opportunities), suggesting they all dispersed to a similar productive area. 4. The degree of individual specialization varied among populations and within the annual cycle. Highest levels of interindividual variation were found in a context of lower interspecific or higher intraspecific competition. Contrasted results were found concerning the effect of ecological opportunity. Depending on seal species, females exhibited either a greater or lower degree of individual specialization during the interbreeding period, reflecting species-specific biological constraints during that period. 5. These results suggest a significant impact of ecological interactions on the population niche width and degree of individual specialization. Such variation at the individual level may be an important factor in the species plasticity with significant consequences on how it may respond to environmental variability.
Data from: Gene discovery in the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) skin transcriptome
Next-generation sequencing provides a powerful new approach for developing functional genomic tools for nonmodel species, helping to narrow the gap between studies of model organisms and those of natural populations. Consequently, massively parallel 454 sequencing was used to characterize a normalized cDNA library derived from skin biopsy samples of twelve Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) individuals. Over 412 Mb of sequence data were generated, comprising 1.4 million reads of average length 286 bp. De novo assembly using Newbler 2.3 yielded 156 contigs plus 22 869 isotigs, which in turn clustered into 18 576 isogroups. Almost half of the assembled transcript sequences showed significant similarity to the nr database, revealing a functionally diverse array of genes. Moreover, 97.9% of these mapped to the dog (Canis lupis familiaris) genome, with a strong positive relationship between the number of sequences locating to a given chromosome and the length of that chromosome in the dog indicating a broad genomic distribution. Average depth of coverage was also almost 20-fold, sufficient to detect several thousand putative microsatellite loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms. This study constitutes an important step towards developing genomic resources with which to address consequential questions in pinniped ecology and evolution. It also supports an earlier but smaller study showing that skin tissue can be a rich source of expressed genes, with important implications for studying the genomics not only of marine mammals, but also more generally of species that cannot be destructively sampled.
Data from: Exploring the mechanisms underlying a heterozygosity-fitness correlation for canine size in the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella
Although heterozygosity-fitness correlations (HFCs) are widely reported in the literature, most studies use too few markers to allow the proximate mechanisms to be convincingly resolved. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed: the general effects hypothesis, in which marker heterozygosity correlates with genome-wide heterozygosity and hence the inbreeding coefficient f, and the local effects hypothesis, in which one or more of the markers by chance exhibit associative overdominance. To explore the relative contributions of general and local effects in a free-ranging marine mammal population, we revisited a strong HFC found using nine microsatellite loci for canine tooth size in 84 male Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella (Hoffman et al. 2010). Increasing the number of markers to 76, we find that heterozygosity is uncorrelated across markers, indicating that inbred individuals are rare or absent. Similarly, while the HFC based on overall heterozygosity is lost, stochastic simulations indicate that when an HFC is due to inbreeding depression, increasing marker number effectively invariably strengthens the HFC. Together these observations argue strongly that the original HFC was not due to inbreeding depression. In contrast, a subset of markers show individually significant effects, and these are non-randomly distributed across the marker panel, being preferentially associated with markers cloned from other species. Using BLAST searches, we were able to locate 94% of loci to unique locations in the dog genome, but the local genes are functionally diverse, and the majority cannot be linked directly to growth. Our results suggest that inbreeding depression contributes little if at all to the relationship between heterozygosity and tooth size, but that instead the primary mechanism involves associative overdominance. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence suggesting that general effects are likely to be uncommon in natural populations
Data from: Heterozygosity at neutral and immune loci is not associated with neonatal mortality due to microbial infection in Antarctic fur seals
Numerous studies have reported correlations between the heterozygosity of genetic markers and fitness. These heterozygosity fitness correlations (HFCs) play a central role in evolutionary and conservation biology, yet their mechanistic basis remains open to debate. For example, fitness associations have been widely reported at both neutral and functional loci, yet few studies have directly compared the two, making it difficult to gauge the relative contributions of genome-wide inbreeding and functional genetic variation to fitness. Here, we compared the effects of neutral and immune gene heterozygosity on death from bacterial infection in Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups. We specifically developed a panel of 13 microsatellites from expressed immune genes and genotyped these together with 48 neutral loci in 234 individuals, comprising 39 pups that were classified at necropsy as having most likely died of bacterial infection together with a five times larger matched sample of healthy surviving pups. Identity disequilibrium quantified from the neutral markers was positive and significant, indicative of variance in inbreeding within the study population. However, multilocus heterozygosity did not differ significantly between healthy and infected pups at either class of marker, and little evidence was found for fitness associations at individual loci. These results support a previous study of Antarctic fur seals that found no effects of heterozygosity at nine neutral microsatellites on neonatal survival, and thereby help to refine our understanding of how HFCs vary across the life cycle. Given that non-significant HFCs are underreported in the literature, we also hope that our study will contribute towards a more balanced understanding of the wider importance of this phenomenon.
Viral metagenomics reveals persistent as well as dietary acquired viruses in Antarctic fur seals
<p>Antarctic fur seal virome</p>
Data from: Exploring the mechanisms underlying a heterozygosity-fitness correlation for canine size in the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella
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Data from: Gene discovery in the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) skin transcriptome
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Data from: Bottom time does not always predict prey encounter rate in Antarctic fur seals
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Data from: Determinants of individual foraging specialisation in large marine vertebrates, the Antarctic and Subantarctic fur seals
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Data from: Heterozygosity at neutral and immune loci is not associated with neonatal mortality due to microbial infection in Antarctic fur seals
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Data from: The influence of preceding dive cycles on the foraging decisions of Antarctic fur seals
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