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481 results for “Anyphaenidae”
Datasets for phylogenetic analyses and phylogenetic trees for: Genetic barcodes for species identification and phylogenetic estimation in ghost spiders (Araneae: Anyphaenidae: Amaurobioidinae). Invertebrate Systematics, 2024
<p>We combined the COI sequence data with legacy multigene sequence data to create a new, taxon-rich phylogeny for the Amaurobioidinae. We used sequences for four loci that have been used in previous studies on the subfamily: two mitochondrial loci, COI (658bp) and ribosomal subunit 16S (16S, 410bp); and two nuclear loci, Histone H3 (H3, 327bp) and ribosomal subunit 28S (28S, 839bp). We complemented the Amaurobioidinae data with sequences from several non-amaurobioidine anyphaenids and two clubionids as outgroups. Sequence alignment was performed using the MAFFT (ver. 7.308) plugin in Geneious, allowing MAFFT to automatically select an appropriate alignment strategy based on the properties of each locus, or with the online MAFFT server (https://mafft.cbrc.jp), which consistently selected the L-INS-i algorithm. Finally, alignments of the four loci were concatenated to construct a 2234 bp multigene sequence matrix containing 692 taxa, with about 55% missing/gap data (“full” matrix henceforth). To ensure that excessive missing data did not affect the resulting topology, we also constructed a reduced matrix by removing additional COI-only specimens so that each species and morphotype was represented by just one or two specimens for which all loci were available (where possible). After realignment, this reduced matrix was 2235 bp long, included 167 taxa, and had about 22% missing/gap data (“reduced” matrix henceforth). Phylogenetic analyses under maximum likelihood, including model selection, were then conducted with IQ-TREE 2. We performed phylogenetic analyses on both concatenated matrices (the full matrix and the reduced matrix) and on each individual locus. For model selection, we provided an initial scheme that partitioned the matrix by locus, and further partitioned the protein-coding loci (COI and H3) by codon position. We used ModelFinder and searched for the best partition scheme, all in IQ-TREE. The best models (partitions) for the full dataset were: GTR+F+I+G4 (16S), GTR+F+I+I+R4 (28S), TVM+F+I+I+R2 (COI-1), TIM2+F+R4 (COI-2), GTR+F+R5 (COI-3), TVMe+G4 (H3-1-H3-2), SYM+G4 (H3-3); and for the reduced dataset: GTR+F+I+G4 (16S), GTR+F+I+G4: (28S), GTR+F+I+G4: (COI-2), GTR+F+I+G4: (COI-3), TVM+F+I+G4: (COI-1, H3-2), GTR+F+I+G4: (H3-1), GTR+F+I+G4: (H3-3). For each dataset, once the best models and partitions were defined, we executed 10 independent replicates of tree calculations followed by 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates, and the replicate reaching the maximum likelihood was chosen. Phylogenetic analyses under parsimony were made with TNT, under equal weights, using the “new technology” search with default values, asking for 10 independent hits to the minimal length, and submitting the resulting trees to a round of TBR branch swapping. </p>
Figs 63–64 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 63–64. Patrera suni sp. nov. 63. ♀, epigynum, ventral view. 64. ♀, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figs 54–59 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 54–59. Patrera hatunkiru sp. nov. 54. ♂, habitus, dorsal view. 55. ♂, palp, ventral view. 56. ♂, palp, retrolateral view. 57. ♂, chelicerae, posterior view. 58. ♀, epigynum, ventral view. 59. ♀, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 55–56, 58–59 = 0.1 mm; 54 = 1 mm; 57 = 0.5 mm.
Figs 60–62 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 60–62. Patrera suni sp. nov. 60. ♂, palp, ventral view. 61. ♂, palp, retrolateral view. 62. ♂, chelicerae, posterior view. Scale bars: 60–61 = 0.1 mm; 62 = 0.5 mm.
Figs 46–48 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 46–48. Patrera shida sp. nov. 46. ♂, palp, ventral view. 47. ♂, palp, retrolateral view. 48. ♂, chelicerae, posterior view. Scale bars: 46–47 = 0.1 mm; 48 = 0.5 mm.
Figs 49–53 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 49–53. Patrera witsu sp. nov. 49. ♂, palp, ventral view. 50. ♂, palp, retrolateral view. 51. ♂, chelicerae, posterior view. 52. ♀, epigynum, ventral view. 53. ♀, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 49–50, 52–53 = 0.1 mm; 51 = 0.5 mm.
Figs 41–45 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 41–45. Patrera philipi sp. nov. 41. ♂, palp, ventral view. 42. ♂, palp, retrolateral view. 43. ♂, chelicerae, posterior view. 44. ♀, epigynum, ventral view. 45. ♀, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 41–42, 44–45 = 0.1 mm; 43 = 0.5 mm.
Figs 37–40 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 37–40. Shuyushka achachay gen. et sp. nov. 37. ♂, abdomen, dorsal view. 38. ♂, palp, ventral view. 39. ♂, palp, retrolateral view. 40. ♂, tibia I, prolateral view. Scale bars: 38–39 = 0.05 mm; 37, 40 = 1 mm.
Figs 17–21 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 17–21. Katissa yaya sp. nov. 17. ♂, palp, ventral view. 18. ♂, palp, retrolateral view. 19. ♀, abdomen, dorsal view. 20. ♀, epigynum, ventral view. 21. ♀, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 17–18, 20–21 = 0.1 mm; 19 = 1 mm.
Figs 32–36 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 32–36. Shuyushka moscai gen. et sp. nov. 32. ♂, abdomen, dorsal view. 33. ♂, palp, ventral view. 34. ♂, palp, retrolateral view. 35. ♀, epigynum, ventral view. 36. ♀, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 33–36 = 0.1 mm; 32 = 1 mm.
Figs 12–16 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 12–16. Katissa tamya sp. nov. 12. ♂, palp, ventral view. 13. ♂, palp, retrolateral view. 14. ♀, abdomen, dorsal view. 15. ♀, epigynum, ventral view. 16. ♀, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 12–13, 15–16 = 0.1 mm; 14 = 0.5 mm.
Figs 7–11 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 7–11. Katissa puyu sp. nov. 7. ♂, palp, ventral view. 8. ♂, palp, retrolateral view (arrow points to the serrated retrolateral tibial apophysis). 9. ♂, abdomen, dorsal view. 10. ♀, epigynum, ventral view. 11 . ♀, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7–8, 10–11 = 0.1 mm; 11 = 0.5 mm.
Figs 27–31 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 27–31. Shuyushka wachi gen. et sp. nov. 27. ♂, habitus, dorsal view. 28. ♂, palp, ventral view. 29. ♂, palp, retrolateral view. 30. ♀, epigynum, ventral view. 31. ♀, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 28–31 = 0.1 mm; 27 = 1 mm.
Figs 22–26 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 22–26. Katissa guayasamini sp. nov. 22. ♂, palp, ventral view. 23. ♂, palp, retrolateral view. 24. ♂, habitus, dorsal view. 25. ♀, epigynum, ventral view. 26. ♀, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 22–23, 25–26 = 0.1 mm; 24 = 1 mm.
Figs 2–6 in Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Figs 2–6. Katissa kurusiki sp. nov. 2. ♂, palp, ventral view. 3. ♂, palp, retrolateral view. 4. ♀, abdomen, dorsal view. 5. ♀, epigynum, ventral view. 6. ♀, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2–3, 5–6 = 0.1 mm; 4 = 1 mm.
Fig. 138 in The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): A Phylogenetic Revision At The Generic Level
Fig. 138. Females of Monapia spp. A. Monapia dilaticollis (Nicolet) (Ñuble, Recinto, photo MJR 37). B. M. pichinahuel Ramírez (Talca, Vilches, photo MJR 1374). C. M. fierro Ramírez (Buenos Aires, Sierra de la Ventana, photo MJR 1). D. M. vittata (Simon) (Osorno, Volcán Casablanca, photo MJR 1421). E. M. guenoana Ramírez (Entre Ríos, Gualeguay, photo MJR 305).
Fig. 133. Tasata centralis, n in The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): A Phylogenetic Revision At The Generic Level
Fig. 133. Tasata centralis, n. sp., male copulatory bulb (Buenos Aires, Salina Las Barrancas). A. Apical view: arrow points to membranous area dividing C2. B. Retrolateral view. (C2p = prolateral portion of C2; C2r = retrolateral portion of C2; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PMA = paramedian apophysis.)
Fig. 139. A–D in The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): A Phylogenetic Revision At The Generic Level
Fig. 139. A–D. Monapia carolina Ramírez, male (Córdoba, Pampa de Achala). A. Palp, retrolateral view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral view. D. Same, apical view. E–H. Monapia angusta (MelloLeitão), male (Buenos Aires, San Isidro). E. Palp, retrolateral view. F. Copulatory bulb, ventral view. G. Same, retrolateral view. H. Same, apical view. Scale bar A, E = 0.4
Fig. 131. Tasata chiloensis, n in The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): A Phylogenetic Revision At The Generic Level
Fig. 131. Tasata chiloensis, n. sp. (Osorno, Puyehue, photos MJR 1411, 1413). A. Retreat on bamboo. B. Same, female guarding eggsac.
Fig. 124 in The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): A Phylogenetic Revision At The Generic Level
Fig. 124. Oxysoma saccatum (Tullgren). A. Right male palp, retrolateral view (paralectotype). B. Same, ventral view. C. Same, prolateral view. D. Left male copulatory bulb, retrolateral view (Chiloe´, Cole Cole). E. Same, apical view. F. Right male palp, prolateral view (paralectotype). G. Epigyne, ventral view (lectotype). H. Same, cleared. Scale bars = A–E, 0.2 mm; F, 1 mm; G, H, 0.1 mm.
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