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150 results for “Apennines”
High-resolution earthquake catalog obtained through template-matching in the Southern Apennine (Italy)
<p>This is an enhanced, high-resolution earthquake catalog obtained through template-matching (TM). It covers the area of the Southern Apennines (Italy), for the period 2009-2014</p> <p>Starting from about 4000 events used as templates, TM allowed to detect the hidden, small-magnitude seismicity in the 0-1 magnitude range, allowing a significant decrease of the magnitude of completeness in the resulting earthquake catalog.</p> <p>The catalog contains:</p> <ul> <li>templates (events catalogued by INGV and used as templates)</li> <li>template-matching detections (i.e. newly detected events by TM)</li> <li>events catalogued by INGV that are also found through template-matching</li> </ul> <p>All events are located with the same 1-D velocity model obtained by averaging several models that have been proposed in the literature, covering different portion of the Southern Apennines. </p> <p><strong>DATA STRUCTURE</strong></p> <p><strong>id</strong>: id of event. Events detected by template-matching start with 'TM', otherwise the id is the same as in the official INGV catalog.</p> <p><strong>lon</strong>: longitude (degrees)</p> <p><strong>lat</strong>: latitude (degrees)</p> <p><strong>depth</strong>: depth in km</p> <p><strong>time</strong>: origin time</p> <p><strong>M_l</strong>: local magnitude</p> <p><strong>lon_error</strong>: error on longitude (degrees)</p> <p><strong>lat_error</strong>: error on latitude (degrees)</p> <p><strong>depth_error</strong>: error on depth (km)</p> <p><strong>RMS</strong>: root-mean-square (sec)</p> <p><strong>az_gap</strong>: azimuthal gap</p> <p><strong>n_phases</strong>: total number of P and S arrivals </p> <p><strong>n_stations</strong>: total number of station recording the event</p> <p><strong>mag_diff</strong>: difference in magnitude between detection and its template</p> <p><strong>dt</strong>: difference in origin time between template and detected event (sec)</p> <p><strong>templ_id</strong>: id of the template event</p> <p><strong>as_template</strong>: =1 if the event was used as template, 0 otherwise</p> <p><strong>matched_TM</strong> (for events already catalogued by INGV): =1 if the events matched a detection made by template matching, =0 otherwise</p> <p><strong>matched_BSI</strong>: ==id of the corresponding event catalogued by INGV. For newly detected events (thus never catalogued before) this field is 'NA'</p>
Output tomographic models for "The attenuation and scattering signature of fluids and tectonic interactions in Central-Southern Apennine."
<p>Output ASCII file for the seismic attenuation tomography in Central-Southern Apennines. The output format is the one from MuRAT software (De Siena et al., 2014). Q and Peak-Delay models in 1.5 Hz, 3 Hz and 6 Hz frequencies are reported as specificated by the files name. The output points of a grid with coordinates available in WGS84 degrees ("Degrees" suffix) or already projected in kilometric UTM coordinates ("UTM" suffix).</p> <p>All other information can be found in the main and supplementary text.</p>
Role of fluid on earthquake occurrence: Example of the 2019 Ridgecrest and the 1997, 2009 and 2016 Central Apennines sequences
<p>This repository contains files needed to reproduce the b-value times series and stress change modeling related to the Central Apennines and Ridgecrest earthquake sequences (paper under revision, preprint available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.31223/X5MH1J">https://doi.org/10.31223/X5MH1J</a>). </p>
Data repository for the paper "Tectonics and seismicity in the Northern Apennines driven by slab retreat and lithospheric delamination"
<p>Output data from a numerical modeling study analyzing the Tectonics and seismicity of the Northern Apennines in relation to the geodynamic mechanism (slab retreat and crustal delamination) suggested to be driving the orogenic system.</p> <p>Understanding how long-term subduction dynamics relates to short-term seismicity and crustal tectonics is a challenging but crucial topic in seismotectonics. We attempt to address this issue in the context of the Northern Apennines orogenic belt, which displays characteristic tectonic and seismogenic behaviors on a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. We use a visco-elasto-plastic seismo-thermo-mechanical (STM) modeling approach with a realistic 2D setup based on available geological and geophysical data. In accordance with regional geodynamics, subduction dynamics and seismicity are simulated together, driven solely by slab pull. Our numerical experiments suggest that lower crustal rheology and lithospheric mantle temperatures modulate the crustal tectonics of the Northern Apennines. Results indicate that the observed spatial distribution of the upper crustal tectonic regimes requires buoyant and highly ductile material beneath the suture zone. This allows protrusion of the asthenosphere in the lower crust, lithospheric delamination, and slab retreat. The resulting horizontal velocities and principal stress axis orientations agree with observations, suggesting that slab delamination and retreat are compatible with regional deformation. Our simulations successfully reproduce the presence of seismicity in the thrust front and on normal faults in the interior of the range. Slab temperatures and lithospheric mantle stiffness distinctly affect the cumulative seismic moment release and the spatial distribution of upper crustal earthquakes. The properties of deep, sub-crustal material are thus shown to influence model shallow seismicity, even though the upper crust is largely mechanically decoupled from the lithospheric mantle. Our simulations therefore highlight the important effect of deep crustal rheologies and self-driven subduction dynamics in controlling the shallow, brittle deformation and related seismicity during an ongoing orogeny.</p> <p>The repository consists of the following: 1) the executable code for running the model (i2_istm and in2_istm, the latter of which is used to initialise the model); 2) the setting files for which timesteps to output (mode.t3c and mode_istm.t3c, the latter of which is for the short-term phase of the model), the model setting files (init_istm.t3c), rock type and temperature setup images (prf_app.tif and tfin.tif, respectively); and 3) the output quantities in the model for the last timestep in HDF5 format (app400.gzip.h5), the list of ruptured markers (pick_events_app.txt) and GPS-station-like markers at the surface (eachdt_gpsmarker_app.txt), and the time limits used for computing average velocities from the GPS marker positions (timelims.mat).</p> <p>The files used for the figures in the paper relate to the reference model and 9 other models: 2 models with different rheology for the Adriatic lower crust, 2 models with different temperatures in the mantle, and 5 models with different shear modulus in the Adriatic lithospheric mantle. The two models with different lower crust rheology (granulite and plagioclase) were not run in short-term mode and therefore no GPS-like or ruptured markers logs are available for them. Descriptive prefixes are used to identify which model each file refers to. The rock type setup is common to all models included here. The reference temperature setup is also used for the models with different shear modulus in the slab and the model with granulite lower crust rheology. The model with plagioclase lower crust rheology has a different temperature setup with a hotter lower crust, as mentioned in the paper; it is not a simple exploration of the effect of rheology, but an attempt to get the lower crust to be very ductile through a combination of a ductile rheology (but less so than in the reference model) and high temperatures.</p> <p>For information about the modeling code, setup, results, and interpretation, please refer to the paper. This repository will be updated with the final paper information after publication.</p>
FIGURE 5. A in The species of the genus Diamesa (Diptera, Chironomidae) known to occur in Italian Alps and Apennines
FIGURE 5. A, Diamesa zernyi Edwards, male genitalia (basimedial setal cluster in green); B I, IX tergite, B II, anal point, B III, basimedial setal cluster, B IV, sternapodeme and phallapodeme, B V, aedeagal lobe, B VI, pars ventralis, B VII, inferior volsella, B VIII, gonostylus.
CI23: a 3D radially anisotropic velocity model of Central Apennines lithosphere
<p>We retrieve the 3D radially anisotropic model of Central Apennines lithosphere implementing Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI). </p> <p>The model has the following parameterization: VPH, VPV, VSH, VSV. It resolves P- and S-waves velocities in the period range 8 - 50s (0.02 - 0.125 Hz). For each point in the mesh (LAT1: 40.0°, LAT2: 45.0°, LON1: 11.0°, LON2: 16.0°), the model returns velocity values in units of m/s.</p> <p>The CI_23 model is available in multiple formats:</p> <ul> <li> <p>A <code>.vtk</code> version is hosted on Zenodo</p> </li> <li> <p>An <code>.h5</code> version can be accessed via Google Drive <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/18mHH6WRGOTJIaBGB8wn3FcrqYBMwVJyZ?usp=drive_link" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a></p> </li> <li> <p>A version interpolated onto a structured grid (in <code>.netCDF</code> format) is available through <a href="https://doi.org/10.17611/dp/emc.2025.ci23stallone.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IRIS-EMC </a></p> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Fig. 92. Turritus Westerlund, 1883 inhabiting the central Apennines. A in Cochlostoma Jan, 1830 revised: an overview of the subgenus Turritus Westerlund, 1883 and its species (Caenogastropoda, Cochlostomatidae)
Fig. 92. Turritus Westerlund, 1883 inhabiting the central Apennines. A. Cochlostoma (T.) mariannae Nordsieck, 2011, 1- Vado di Sole, I (EZ-1084). B. C. (T.) hallgassi sp. nov., topotypical specimen, 1- Monte Petrella, I (EZ-1075). C. C. (T.) crosseanum (Paulucci, 1879), 3- Via Salaria, I (EZ-0002). D. C. (T.) cassiniacum (Saint-Simon in Paulucci, 1878), 15- Monte Gennaro, I (EZ-0021). E. NFS064, 1- Rio Fuggio, I (EZ-0022).
Vulnerability tools - Northern Apennines (Italy)
<p><span>The MOVING project has developed accessible <strong>tools </strong>designed to assess susceptibility and vulnerability within the region, ready to be used by both experts and the general audience. This document synthesises crucial information for the Northern Apennines Region, particularly focusing on the Participatory Vulnerability Matrix and the Spatial Vulnerability Map. Furthermore, it includes <strong>supplementary maps and figures </strong>detailing various aspects such as the delineation of Reference Landscape, distribution of land systems, areas affected by wildfires, susceptibility to floods across different return periods, severity of forest disturbances, rainfall erosivity, and more.</span></p>
Vulnerability tools - Central Apennines (Italy)
<p><span>The MOVING project has developed accessible <strong>tools </strong>designed to assess susceptibility and vulnerability within the region, ready to be used by both experts and the general audience. This document synthesises crucial information for the Central Apennines Region, particularly focusing on the Participatory Vulnerability Matrix and the Spatial Vulnerability Map. Furthermore, it includes <strong>supplementary maps and figures </strong>detailing various aspects such as the delineation of Reference Landscape, distribution of land systems, areas affected by wildfires, susceptibility to floods across different return periods, severity of forest disturbances, rainfall erosivity, and more.</span></p>
Fig. 6 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations
Fig. 6. Phylogenetic tree of Desoria calderonis sp. nov. and related species, on the basis of the cox1 gene. Names include the BOLD bin number, as well as the taxonomic attribution and number of sequences included in the bin. Genera were abbreviated where unambiguous within the bin. When records of the same bin had multiple taxonomic attributions, the one at the lowest level was retained if all were compatible. Alternatively, all were listed separately. Bootstrap support is indicated if> 80. ♠: olivacea- group; ♣: fennica-group; ♥: violacea-group of Desoria.
Fig. 4 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations
Fig. 4. Desoria calderonis sp. nov. A. Ventral chaetotaxy of head. B. Labial palps. C. Labrum. D. Mandible. E. Maxilla. F. Maxillary palp. G. Female genital opening. H. Male genital opening. I. VT in posterior view.
Fig. 5 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations
Fig. 5. Desoria calderonis sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy. A. Ocular plate. B. Claws. C. Antennal organ III. D. Retinaculum.
Fig. 2 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations
Fig. 2. Desoria calderonis sp. nov. A. Dorsal chaetotaxy. B. Number and distribution of dorsal s-setae (accp-s: accp-setae; al-s: al-setae; as: as-setae) and ms-setae (ms). C. Ocular plate (A–H: eyes) and PAO. D. Ant. IV apical dorsal part; asterisk = seta-like s-seta. E. Ant. I–III, dorsal view, with s-setae (double line) and seta-like s-setae (simple line); on ventro-proximal part of Ant. I, two isolated microsetae present.
Text-fig. 1. a: Po Plain and foothills of the Northern Apennine in Northern Italy (inset) with the location of Oriolo (black star) and other Early and Middle Pleistocene plant localities, Enza and Stirone. Red lines indicate the frontal thrust arcs (modified from Martinetto et al. 2015). b: The "La Salita" section, Oriolo and chronology of the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles based on large mammals and palaeomagnetic correlation (modified from Toniato et al. 2017; IMMS 2020* [Italian Mediterranean Marine Stages] updated from Cohen and Gibbars 2020; GTS 2021* [Global Time Scale] updated from Head et al. 2021). c: Quarry "La Salita", Oriolo, in 1987. Main unconformities (U) separating the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles and terrestrial deposits on top are shown. Leaf symbols indicate the positions of some of the layers rich in fossil leaves (photo by G. B. Vai, modified). d: Surroundings of Faenza with the location of Oriolo and adjacent coeval sites yielding plant macrofossils. in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 1. a: Po Plain and foothills of the Northern Apennine in Northern Italy (inset) with the location of Oriolo (black star) and other Early and Middle Pleistocene plant localities, Enza and Stirone. Red lines indicate the frontal thrust arcs (modified from Martinetto et al. 2015). b: The "La Salita" section, Oriolo and chronology of the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles based on large mammals and palaeomagnetic correlation (modified from Toniato et al. 2017; IMMS 2020* [Italian Mediterranean Marine Stages] updated from Cohen and Gibbars 2020; GTS 2021* [Global Time Scale] updated from Head et al. 2021). c: Quarry "La Salita", Oriolo, in 1987. Main unconformities (U) separating the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles and terrestrial deposits on top are shown. Leaf symbols indicate the positions of some of the layers rich in fossil leaves (photo by G. B. Vai, modified). d: Surroundings of Faenza with the location of Oriolo and adjacent coeval sites yielding plant macrofossils.
Figs. 7–14 in A new species of Heteraphorura Bagnall, 1948 (Collembola, Poduromorpha, Onychiuridae) from Apennine Mountains (Tuscany, Italy).
Figs. 7–14.- Heteraphorura steineri sp. nov. 7.- Chaetotaxy of central part of Abd. sternum IV, male ventral organ, remnant of furca. 8.- Chaetotaxy of central part of Abd. sternum IV, female, remnant of furca. 9.- Dorsal pso on Th. II. 10.- Dorsal pso on Abd. V. 11.- Dorsal pso on Abd. II. 12.- Maxillary palp. 13.- Distal part of leg I. 14.- Distal part of leg III. Scales¡ 0.05 mm.
Figs. 1–6 in A new species of Heteraphorura Bagnall, 1948 (Collembola, Poduromorpha, Onychiuridae) from Apennine Mountains (Tuscany, Italy).
Figs. 1–6.- Heteraphorura steineri sp. nov. 1.- Chaetotaxy and localization of pseudocelli on dorsal side of body. 2.- Postantennal organ. 3.- Antennal III sensory organ. 4.- Labium and postlabial chaetae. 5.- Ventral chaetotaxy of abdomen, male. 6.- Ventral chaetotaxy of abdomen, female. Scales¡ 0.2 mm (1, 5, 6), 0.05 mm (2, 3, 4).
Fig. 3 - A in Decapod assemblage from the late Miocene (early-middle Messinian) of the Romagna Apennines nearby Brisighella, Emilia-Romagna (N Italy)
Fig. 3 - A) Monodaeus bortolottii Delle Cave, 1988, MSF 2300 (x 2.6). B) Goneplax cf. G. gulderi Bachmayer, 1953, MSF 2332 (x 10). C) Family, genus and species indet., MSF 2316 (x 16.6).
Fig. 2 - A in Decapod assemblage from the late Miocene (early-middle Messinian) of the Romagna Apennines nearby Brisighella, Emilia-Romagna (N Italy)
Fig. 2 - A) Galathea cf. G. weinfurteri Bachmayer, 1950, MSF 2337 (x 3.1). B) Medorippe ampla Garassino, De Angeli, Gallo Pasini, 2004, MSF 2317 (x 8). C) Palaeomyra bispinosa A. Milne Edwards in E. Sismonda, 1861, MSF 2314 (x 3).
Fig. 1 in Short Communication The golden jackal Canis aureus L. 1758 (Carnivora: Canidae) on the Tuscan Apennines
Fig. 1 - Map showing the area where the two golden jackals have been observed in Tuscany. The precise coordinates are omitted for species conservation reasons (Lunghi et al., 2019). / Mappa che mostra l'area in cui sono stati osservati i due sciacalli dorati in Toscana. Le coordinate precise sono omesse per motivi relativi alla conservazione della specie (Lunghi et al., 2019).
Fig. 2 in Short Communication The golden jackal Canis aureus L. 1758 (Carnivora: Canidae) on the Tuscan Apennines
Fig. 2 - The first (A-B) and the second (C-D) of the two golden jackals observed in Tuscany. Individual recognition was carried out by the pattern of the muzzle fur (in the area indicated by the red circle). Photo taken with Victure HC300 trail camera. The full video of the observation can be seen at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0wO4i4SNXA. / Il primo (A-B) e il secondo (C-D) dei due sciacalli dorati osservati in Toscana. Il riconoscimento individuale è stato effettuato attraverso il disegno del pelo del muso (nell'area indicata dal cerchio rosso). Foto scattata con la trail camera Victure HC300. Il video completo dell'osservazione può essere visto su https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0wO4i4SNXA.
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