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7 results for “Aphidius ervi”
Host aphid immunosuppression by Aphidius ervi venom
<p>Dataset referred to the manuscript: </p> <p><span><span><span><strong>Host aphid immunosuppression by </strong></span></span></span><span><span><span><em><strong>Aphidius</strong></em></span></span></span><span><span><span><strong> </strong></span></span></span><span><span><span><em><strong>ervi</strong></em></span></span></span><span><span><span><strong> venom</strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><strong>Elia Russo</strong></span></span><span><sup><span><strong>1§</strong></span></sup></span><span><span><strong>, Andrea Becchimanzi</strong></span></span><span><sup><span><strong>1,2§</strong></span></sup></span><span><span><strong>, Giulia Magoga</strong></span></span><span><sup><span><strong>1</strong></span></sup></span><span><span><strong>, Matteo Montagna</strong></span></span><span><sup><span><strong>1,2</strong></span></sup></span><span><span><strong>, Ilaria Di Lelio</strong></span></span><span><sup><span><strong>1,2</strong></span></sup></span><span><span><strong>* & Francesco Pennacchio</strong></span></span><span><sup><span><strong>1,2</strong></span></sup></span><span><span><strong>*</strong></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><sup><span>1</span></sup><span>University of Naples ‘Federico II’ - Department of Agricultural Sciences, Naples, Italy, and </span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><strong>bstract </strong></span></span></p> <p><span><span>The host immunosuppression by parasitic wasps is an important component of the host regulation strategy. The venom injected at the oviposition is one of the key-factors involved in this host alteration and, in some parasitoids, its immunosuppressive role is complemented by wasp’s symbionts. Most studies in this research area are related to hosts belonging to Lepidoptera and Diptera, for which a strong immune response is observed, whereas little is known for hemimetabolous host species, characterized by apparently much weaker defense barriers. To fill this research gap, here we focus on the host–parasitoid system </span></span><span><span><em>Acyrthosiphon pisum</em></span></span><span><span> </span></span><span>(Harris) </span><span><span>(Hemiptera: Aphididae) – </span></span><span><span><em>Aphidius ervi</em></span></span><span><span> Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We functionally characterized </span></span><span><span>a serine</span></span><span><span> protease homolog (</span></span><span><span><em>Ae</em></span></span><span><span>SPH) protein </span></span><span><span>in vivo, </span></span><span><span>identified in the venom of the aphid endoparasitoid </span></span><span><span><em>A. ervi</em></span></span><span><span>, generating </span></span><span><span><em>Ae</em></span></span><span><span>SPH-depleted female wasps by RNA interference and evaluating their capacity to successfully parasitize the host. Parasitism success rate was negatively affected by </span></span><span><span><em>Ae</em></span></span><span><span>SPH knockdown and associated with an increased phenoloxidase (PO) cascade activation in aphids, scored by measuring PO enzymatic activity and the expression of</span></span><span><span><em> phenoloxidase activating factor 2</em></span></span><span><span>, a</span></span><span><span> proPO-activating gene upregulated in response to </span></span><span><span><em>A. ervi</em></span></span><span><span> parasitism. Our results indicate that </span></span><span><span><em>Ae</em></span></span><span><span>SPH contributes to parasitism success by inhibiting the melanization response of the host, which is therefore an important component of the defense barriers involved in the parasitoid egg suppression. The undergoing studies on other virulence factors in </span></span><span><span><em>A. ervi</em></span></span><span><span> venom will allow to further characterize the immunosuppression strategy and its possible broader role in the host regulation through its action on aphid symbiont development. </span></span></p>
Aphidius ervi venom regulates Buchnera contribution to host nutritional suitability
<p>Dataset referred to the manuscript "Aphidius ervi venom regulates Buchnera contribution to host nutritional suitability" by </p> <p><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Russo,+Elia%22"><span>Russo, Elia</span><sup>1 </sup></a><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Di+Lelio,+Ilaria%22"><span>Di Lelio, Ilaria</span><sup>2 </sup></a><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Shi,+Min%22"><span>Shi, Min</span><sup>3 </sup></a><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Becchimanzi,+Andrea%22"><span>Becchimanzi, Andrea</span><sup>2 </sup></a><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Pennacchio,+Francesco%22"><span>Pennacchio, Francesco</span><sup>2</sup></a></p> <p><sup>Abstract: The association between the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), and the endophagous parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) offers a unique model system for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex interactions between the parasitoid, its host and the associated primary symbiont. Here, we investigate in vivo the functional role of the most abundant component of A. ervi venom, Ae-γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (Ae-γ-GT), which is known to induce host castration. Microinjections of double-stranded RNA into A. ervi pupae stably knocked down Ae-γ-GT1 and Ae-γ-GT2 paralogue genes in newly emerged females. These females were used to score the phenotypic changes both in parasitized hosts and in the parasitoid's progeny, as affected by a venom blend lacking Ae-γ-GT. Ae-γ-GT gene silencing enhanced growth both of host and parasitoid, supported by a higher load of the primary bacterial symbiont Buchnera aphidicola. Emerging adults showed a reduced survival and fecundity, suggesting a trade-off with body size. This demonstrates in vivo the primary role of Ae-γ-GT in host ovary degeneration and suggests that this protein counterbalances the proliferation of Buchnera likely triggered by other venom components. Our study provides a new approach to unravelling the complexity of aphid parasitoid venom in vivo, and sheds light on a novel role for Ae-γ-GT in host regulation.</sup></p> <p> </p>
Transgenerational phenotypic plasticity of diapause induction and related fitness cost in a commercial strain of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday
<p>Dataset.</p> <p>Diapause is an adaptation that insects have evolved to synchronize their life cycle with that of seasonal climatic changes and resources availability. However, cues for its induction are not always clear and, in some cases, a maternal effect may be involved. At the population level, just a part of the individuals may exhibit diapause with important consequences in terms of winter survival. Moreover, clear indicators of diapause state are difficult to identify. Diapause induction was thus investigated in the aphid parasitoid species Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) developing in the aphid Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) at four crossed photothermal regimes (16 °C and 8 °C, 16:8 h L:D and 8:16 h L:D), and during 2 successive generations. We analyzed the reliability of changes in mummy color to assess for the diapausing state compared to dissections, and we measured parasitoid morphological and physiological traits. We observed that the proportion of dark brown mummies increased after one generation under low photothermal regime compared to other regimes. No diapause was recorded at 16 °C, 16:8 h L:D, while we observed 16.2% and 67.5% diapause incidence at 8 °C, 8:16 h L:D, at 1st and 2nd generation, respectively. Diapause induction is thus increased by short day-length conditions and low temperatures as well as by maternal effects. All parasitoid life-history traits (weight, size, fat content, water content, egg-load, and longevity) were affected by the photothermal regime and/or the generation. These results raise new questions on the environmental thresholds needed to induce diapause and on survival and adaptation potential of commercially available parasitoid strains in different environments.</p>
Data from: Susceptibility of Macrosiphum euphorbiae to the parasitoid Aphidius ervi: larval development depends on host aphid genotype
The potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini), is a common polyphagous aphid in Europe and North America. However, the factors influencing potato aphid dynamics and susceptibility to natural enemies are largely undescribed, particularly in relation to facultative endosymbiotic bacteria, which can provide protection against parasitism and disease in some aphid species. This study investigated whether potato aphid susceptibility to one of its principal natural enemies, the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), varied in relation to aphid genotype and/or endosymbiont presence. Parasitism and aphid fitness assays were conducted on clonal lineages of aphids, harbouring their natural endosymbiont infections, collected over 3 years from separate geographic locations. Parasitized aphids were dissected to quantify parasitoid oviposition, larval development, and mummification. Amongst the 19 clonal lines of M. euphorbiae tested, seven aphid genotypes were identified, and 11 lines harboured one or both of the facultative endosymbionts Hamiltonella defensa Moran et al. and Regiella insecticola Moran et al.; H. defensa infections were associated exclusively with two of the seven M. euphorbiae genotypes. Parasitism resistance was detected in clonal lines belonging to a single aphid genotype and resulted from failure of parasitoid eggs to develop into larvae rather than failure of the parasitoid to oviposit. Contrary with studies of several other aphid species, there was little evidence that H. defensa provided strong protection to M. euphorbiae from parasitism by A. ervi. Furthermore, there were no clear fitness costs to the aphid associated with parasitism resistance or with H. defensa infection. The two M. euphorbiae genotypes in which H. defensa occurred, which included the resistant genotype, exhibited faster development, higher survival, and greater fecundity than the other five aphid genotypes. These findings suggest that biological control of M. euphorbiae using A. ervi alone could exacerbate pest problems by selecting for the fittest parasitism-resistant genotypes.
Data from: Plastic responses of some life history traits and cellular components of body size in Aphidius ervi as related to the age of its host Acyrthosiphon pisum
Phenotypic plasticity of wing size and shape has been evaluated in Aphidius ervi developing in its host, Acyrthosiphon pisum, parasitized at seven different ages. The parasitoid wing size was used as an estimator of both whole body size and its cellular composition. No size difference was observed in A. ervi adults emerged from aphids 1, 2 or 3 days old at parasitization. Body size then increased in A. ervi emerged from hosts older at parasitization. Body size values as related to host age at parasitization were achieved by adjusting developmental time, developmental rate or both. Parasitoids of similar size, but developed in hosts parasitized at different ages, had different wing cellular composition, while the increase of parasitoid body size was related to a general increase in both cell area and cell number. These results seem to suggest a trade-off between adult size and developmental time, at least for parasitoids developed at the two extremes of host ages at parasitization, and that A. ervi can reach the same adult size via different trajectories, adapting its ontogenetic processes. Wing shape was typical for all the different parasitoid classes considered and differed strongly between males and females, independent of their size. Parasitoid males (haploids) and females (diploids) did not differ in either cell area or cell number, suggesting a possible sex-determined dosage compensation in somatic tissue endoreplication.
Data from: Susceptibility of Macrosiphum euphorbiae to the parasitoid Aphidius ervi: larval development depends on host aphid genotype
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Data from: Plastic responses of some life history traits and cellular components of body size in Aphidius ervi as related to the age of its host Acyrthosiphon pisum
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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