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7 results for “Aphis fabae”
Figure 2 in Orientation of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to healthy and Beauveria bassiana-infected Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in an olfactometer system
Figure 2. Response of Hippodamia variegata to broad bean plants infested by A. fabae infected by Beauveria bassiana at the interval of 0 h after infection versus broad bean plants infested by A. fabae infected by B. bassiana at intervals of 24 (a), 48 (b), and 72 (c) h after infection. The white bars indicate the numbers of insects choosing broad bean plants infested by A. fabae infected by B. bassiana at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h after infection, whereas the black bars indicate the numbers of insects that chose broad bean plants infested by A. fabae infected by B. bassiana at the interval of 0 h after infection.
Figure 4 in Orientation of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to healthy and Beauveria bassiana-infected Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in an olfactometer system
Figure 4. Response of Hippodamia variegata to broad bean plants infested by A. fabae infected by Beauveria bassiana at the interval of 48 h after infection versus broad bean plants infested by A. fabae infected by B. bassiana at the interval of 72 h after infection. The white bars indicate the numbers of insects choosing broad bean plants infested by A. fabae infected by B. bassiana at the interval of 72 h after infection, whereas the black bars indicate the numbers of insects that chose broad bean plants infested by A. fabae infected by B. bassiana at the interval of 48 h after infection.
Data from: Climate effects on life cycle variation and population genetic architecture of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae
Aphid species commonly have different reproductive modes ranging from cyclical to obligate parthenogenesis. The distribution of life cycle variation in aphids is generally determined by ecological forces, mainly climate, because only sexually produced diapausing eggs can survive harsh winters. Aphids are thus interesting models to investigate intrinsic and environmental factors shaping the competition among sexual and asexual lineages. We conducted a Europe-wide sampling of black bean aphids, Aphis fabae, and combined population genetic analyses based on microsatellite data with an experimental determination of life cycle strategies. Aphids were collected from broad beans (Vicia faba) as well as some Chenopodiaceae, but we detected no genetic differentiation between aphids from different host plants. Consistent with model predictions, life cycle variation was related to climate, with aphids from areas with cold winters investing more in sexual reproduction than aphids from areas with mild winters. Accordingly, only populations from mild areas exhibited a clear genetic signature of clonal reproduction. These differences arise despite substantial gene flow over large distances, which was evident from a very low geographic population structure and a lack of isolation-by-distance among 18 sites across distances of more than 1000 kilometres. There was virtually no genetic differentiation between aphids with different reproductive modes, suggesting that new asexual lineages are formed continuously. Indeed, a surprising number of A. fabae genotypes even from colder climates produced some parthenogenetic offspring under simulated winter conditions. From this we predict that a shift to predominantly asexual reproduction could take place rapidly in under climate warming.
Data from: Climate effects on life cycle variation and population genetic architecture of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae
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Data from: Levels of clonal mixing in the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, a facultative ant mutualist
Aphids are a worldwide pest and an important model in ecology and evolution. Little is known, however, of the genetic structure of their colonies at a microgeographic level. For example, it remains largely unknown whether most species form monoclonal or polyclonal colonies. Here, we present the first detailed study on levels of clonal mixing in a nonsocial facultative ant mutualist, the black bean aphid Aphis fabae. In contrast to the earlier suggestion that colonies of this species are generally monoclonal, we found that across two subspecies of the black bean aphid, A. fabae cirsiiacanthoidis and A. fabae fabae, 32% and 77% of the aphid colonies were in fact polyclonal, consisting of a mix of up to 4 different clones, which resulted in an overall average relatedness within colonies of 0.90 and 0.79 in the two subspecies. Data further show that the average relatedness in A. f. cirsiiacanthoidis remained relatively constant throughout the season, which means that clonal erosion due to clonal selection more or less balanced with the influx of new clones from elsewhere. Nevertheless, relatedness tended to decrease over the lifetime of a given colony, implying that clonal mixing primarily resulted from the joining of preexisting colonies as opposed to via simultaneous host colonisation by several foundresses. Widespread clonal mixing is argued to affect the ecology and evolution of the aphids in various important ways, for example with respect to the costs and benefits of group living, the evolution of dispersal and the interaction with predators as well as with the ant mutualists.
Figure 3 in Orientation of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to healthy and Beauveria bassiana-infected Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in an olfactometer system
Figure 3. Response of Hippodamia variegata to broad bean plants infested by A. fabae infected by Beauveria bassiana at the interval of 24 h after infection versus broad bean plants infested by A. fabae infected by B. bassiana at intervals of 48 (a) and 72 (b) h after infection. The white bars indicate the numbers of insects choosing broad bean plants infested by A. fabae infected by B. bassiana at intervals 48 and 72 h after infection, whereas the black bars indicate the numbers of insects that chose broad bean plants infested by A. fabae infected by B. bassiana at the interval of 24 h after infection.
Data from: Levels of clonal mixing in the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, a facultative ant mutualist
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