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Fig. 4 in Proteomic analysis of the venom of the social wasp Apoica pallens (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Fig. 4. Identified proteins of social wasp Apoica pallens venom and their functions according to the literature.

Fig. 2 in Proteomic analysis of the venom of the social wasp Apoica pallens (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Fig. 2. Two-dimensional reference gel (14%) of the venom of the social wasp Apoica pallens, showing the proteins identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis.

Fig. 3 in Proteomic analysis of the venom of the social wasp Apoica pallens (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Fig. 3. Classification of proteins according to the representativity in number of proteins identified in the Apoica pallens venom.

Fig. 1 in Proteomic analysis of the venom of the social wasp Apoica pallens (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Fig. 1. Two-dimensional gel (14%) in triplicate (three extracts from a colony), with the three gels (A, B, and C) of the Apoica pallens wasp venom.

Fig. 21 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 21. Flagellomeres: A, Apoica arborea. Flagellomeres are ''knotted'', or convex both dorsally (1 and 2) and ventrally (3); B, Apoica pallida. Dorsal flagellomeres are either slightly convex (19) or nearly flat (29), as is typical of other vespids. Ventral flagellomeres are nearly flat (39).

Fig. 22 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 22. Anal lobe: A, Apoica arborea, anal lobe present; B, Apoica albimacula, anal lobe absent (here severely reduced).

Fig. 20. A in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 20. A: Apoica ellenae. Mesonotum sits lower relative to pronotum, mesonotal bristles do not reach anterior margin; B: Apoica thoracica. Mesonotum sits higher (typical), mesonotal bristles reach anterior margin.

Fig. 15 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 15. Mesonotum with longitudinal stripes: A, Apoica arborea female, absent; B, Apoica strigata, 4 pales stripes, two on either side of the parapsidal furrows. The lateral two stripes are sometimes lacking. C, Apoica ambracarina, two dark stripes, medial to the parapsidal furrows, fusing posteriorly. Scale bars 51.0 mm.

Fig. 14 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 14. Aedeagus: A, Apoica gelida, posterior end of aedeagus widening, B, Apoica arborea, posterior end of aedeagus straight. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 16 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 16. Strict consensus (L 5 94; CI 5 0.52; RI 5 0.64) of three equally parsimonious topologies (L 5 91; CI 5 0.53; RI 5 0.66) of Apoica spp. and outgroups based on morphology and behavior. Numbers above and below each branch are jackknife and Bremer support values, respectively. Jackknife values below 50% and Bremer values of 1 are not reported.

Fig. 13 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 13. Parameral spine: A, Apoica arborea, parameral spine with setae (1) and posterior lobe of paramere angled (2); B, Apoica ambracarina, parameral spine without setae and posterior lobe of paramere rounded (29). Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 12 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 12. Parameral spine: A, Apoica albimacula, parameral spine thick and blunt; B, Apoica gelida, parameral spine thin and sharp. Both characters 22 and 23 are illustrated here only for efficiency; the different character states from the two characters do not always co-occur as in these species. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 3 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 3. Metanotum with central carina: A, Apoica thoracica, absent; B, Apoica ambracarina, anterior carina; C, Apoica albimacula, extending posteriorly and sharply carinate. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 8 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 8. Digitus shape: A, Apoica arborea, posterior surface expanded, forming a triangular shape; B, Apoica strigata, fingerlike and curved. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 7 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 7. Metanotal bristles in posterior view. A. Apoica arborea, erect. B, Apoica thoracica, apically bent towards midline. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 1 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 1. Ocelli: A, Polistes fuscatus, typical (small); B, Apoica ambracarina, large. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 6 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 6. Mesonotal bristles: A, Apoica flavissima, reaching anterior margin; B, Apoica gelida, not reaching anterior margin. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 5 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 5. Metanotal shape: A, Apoica flavissima, rounded; B, Apoica gelida, angled posteriorly; C, Metapolybia cingulata, flat. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 4 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 4. Pronotal fovea: A, Apoica flavissima, shallow; B, Apoica thoracica, recessed into a pit. In A, the depression is the fovea. In B, the arrow indicates the border of the larger oval pit into which the fovea itself is recessed. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 10 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 10. Digitus setae: A, Apoica albimacula, with setae; B, Apoica flavissima, without setae. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.