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110 results for “Aptostichus”
Figures 6–7. Aptostichus spp. 6 in Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pompilinae), a probable obligate parasitoid of Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae) in California
Figures 6–7. Aptostichus spp. 6) Aptostichus atomarius female on sand. Sandy Coastal back dunes, Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA; 3 June 2014; A. Abela (Abela 2014a) Photograph © Alice Abela. 7) Aptostichus simus female on sand. Sandy Coastal back dunes, Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA; 11 June 2014; A. Abela (Abela 2014b). Photograph © Alice Abela.
Figures 3–4 in Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pompilinae), a probable obligate parasitoid of Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae) in California
Figures 3–4. Chalcochares hirsutifemur female taking nectar from flowers of Eriogonum parvifolium (Seacliff buckwheat), Sandy coastal back dunes, Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA; 13 August 2021; A. Abela (Abela 2021d, 2021e). 3) Note hairy head, thorax, and basal metasoma; and spinous legs, especially foretibia and foretarsus. Photograph © Alice Abela. 4) Note short antenna segments; hairy head, thorax, and femora; wide vertex with rather small eyes situated on side of head; swollen occiput behind compound eyes; enlarged and flattened pronotum with straight sides; and spinous legs, especially foretibia and foretarsus. Photograph © Alice Abela.
Figure 2 in Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pompilinae), a probable obligate parasitoid of Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae) in California
Figure 2. Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks), female; Anza, Riverside County California; 24 June 195? L. A. Stange collector (det R. Snelling 1963). A. Whole body, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head and anterior part of mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Head, anterior part of mesosoma, and fore legs, lateral view (arrow, apicomesial spine on fore tibia). Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B–D).
Figure 1 in Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pompilinae), a probable obligate parasitoid of Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae) in California
Figure 1. Chalcochares engleharti (Banks), female; Camp Bullis, Bexar County, Texas; 29 May 1952; K. Stockley collector (det. M. Wasbauer 1956). A. Head, mesosoma, and anterior part of metasoma, dorsal view. B. Head, anterior view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Head, anterior part of mesosoma, and fore legs, lateral view (arrow, apicomesial spine on fore tibia). Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 1 mm (B–D).
Figure 8 in Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pompilinae), a probable obligate parasitoid of Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae) in California
Figure 8. Overhead coastal map of San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties showing research site locations of Chalcochares hirsutifemur, Aporus hirsutus, Aporus luxus, Aptostichus atomarius, and Aptostichus simus. Rectangular inset on California map in upper right corner indicates area of study.
Figures 1–2. Aporus hirsutus and Aptostichus simus. 1 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Figures 1–2. Aporus hirsutus and Aptostichus simus. 1) Aporus hirsutus resting on sand, digging in sand, sandy coastal back dunes, Santa Barbara County, CA; 12 June 2014; A. Abela. The species name "hirsutus" refers to the hairiness of the body. Species identification structures include short antennae and forelegs, quasi-triangular flattened head, elongate pronotum, swollen forefemur and foretibia, thick foretarsal rake spines, and only two submarginal cells in forewing. The concave back of the head, not seen to this degree in other Nearctic Aporus species, fits snugly against the front of the convex pronotum, enabling the wasp to tunnel unobstructed through sand. Photograph © Alice Abela. 2) Aptostichus simus female on sand, Montaña de Oro State Park, San Luis Obispo County, CA; 8 June 2014; A. Abela. Females lack obvious distinguishing external morphological features, except for sharply delineated patch of endite cuspules on abdominal venter. All Aptostichus species have psammophilous body coloration (Bond 2012). Photograph © Alice Abela.
Data from: Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)
This systematic study documents the taxonomy, diversity, and distribution of 40 species of the predominately Californian trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon, 1891. Thirty-three of these species are newly described: Aptostichus dantrippi, Aptostichus cabrillo, Aptostichus pennjillettei, Aptostichus asmodaeus, Aptostichus nateevansi, Aptostichus chiricahua, Aptostichus icenoglei, Aptostichus isabella, Aptostichus muiri, Aptostichus barackobamai, Aptostichus sinnombre, Aptostichus hedinorum, Aptostichus aguacaliente, Aptostichus chemehuevi, Aptostichus sarlacc, Aptostichus derhamgiulianii, Aptostichus anzaborrego, Aptostichus serrano, Aptostichus mikeradtkei, Aptostichus edwardabbeyi, Aptostichus killerdana, Aptostichus cahuilla, Aptostichus satleri, Aptostichus elisabethae, Aptostichus fornax, Aptostichus lucerne, Aptostichus fisheri, Aptostichus bonoi, Aptostichus cajalco, Aptostichus sierra, Aptostichus huntington, Aptostichus dorothealangeae, and Aptostichus chavezi. Most of these species are restricted to the California Floristic Province, a known biodiversity hotspot. Of the 40 recognized species, over half are considered to be imperiled or vulnerable and two have likely gone extinct over the past half-century; the conservation status of only 11 species is considered to be secure. Using 73 quantitative and qualitative morphological characters I propose a preliminary phylogeny for the genus that recognizes four major lineages: the Atomarius, Simus, Hesperus, and Sierra species groups. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis indicates that adaptations favoring the invasion of the arid desert habitats of southern California have evolved multiple times across the group. The existence of both desert and non - desert species in three of the four species groups makes this genus an ideal candidate for the study of the evolutionary ecology of desert arthropods. A set of molecular characters based on the contiguous mitochondrial DNA genes 16S-tRNA valine-12S is used in an independent analysis to assist in placement of specimens into species. The taxonomy section explicitly identifies the concept employed in species delimitation. Niche based distribution models are constructed to predict the ranges of species for which an adequate number of sampling sites were known.
Data from: Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)
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Figure 5 in Chalcochares hirsutifemur (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pompilinae), a probable obligate parasitoid of Aptostichus Simon (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae) in California
Figure 5. Geographic locality and range map for Chalcochares hirsutifemur (from Evans 1966; Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985) and Aptostichus species (from Bond 2012).
Figures 45-49 from: Valdez-Mondragón A, Cortez-Roldán MR (2016) On the trapdoor spiders of Mexico: description of the first new species of the spider genus Aptostichus from Mexico and the description of the female of Eucteniza zapatista (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae). ZooKeys 641: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10521
Figures 45-49 - Eucteniza zapatista Bond & Godwin, 2013. Female: 45 Habitus dorsal 46 carapace, dorsal view 47 Endites, ventral view; detail of the cuspules 48 Prosoma, ventral view showing coxae, sternum, labium and endites 49 Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars 1 mm (49), 2 mm (47), 5 mm (46, 48), 10 mm (45).
Figures 50-52 from: Valdez-Mondragón A, Cortez-Roldán MR (2016) On the trapdoor spiders of Mexico: description of the first new species of the spider genus Aptostichus from Mexico and the description of the female of Eucteniza zapatista (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae). ZooKeys 641: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10521
Figures 50-52 - 50, 51 Live female of Eucteniza zapatista Bond & Godwin, 2013 outside of her burrow (photos by Victor H. Jiménez Arcos) 52 Pine forest of the Parque Nacional la Malinche (PNLM), Tlaxcala, Mexico, where the specimens of Eucteniza zapatista used for this study were collected (photo by Alejandro Valdez Mondragón).
Figure 53 from: Valdez-Mondragón A, Cortez-Roldán MR (2016) On the trapdoor spiders of Mexico: description of the first new species of the spider genus Aptostichus from Mexico and the description of the female of Eucteniza zapatista (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae). ZooKeys 641: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10521
Figure 53 - Known distribution records of Aptostichus sabinae sp. n. (red) (Oaxaca state), and Eucteniza zapatista Bond & Godwin, 2013 (blue) (Tlaxcala and Puebla states).
Figures 13-20 from: Valdez-Mondragón A, Cortez-Roldán MR (2016) On the trapdoor spiders of Mexico: description of the first new species of the spider genus Aptostichus from Mexico and the description of the female of Eucteniza zapatista (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae). ZooKeys 641: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10521
Figures 13-20 - Aptostichus sabinae sp. n. Male holotype: 13–14 Left leg I, prolateral and retrolateral views respectively 15 Tibia I, retrolateral view 16 Tarsus I, retrolateral view17 Metatarsus and tarsus I, dorsal view (arrow indicates the small finger-shaped projection on retrolateral-ventral part of metatarsus) 18 Metatarsus I, retrolateral view (idem) 19 Detail of the small finger-shaped projection on retrolateral-ventral part of metatarsus I. 20, Spination pattern on legs III and IV. Scale bars 0.2 mm (19), 0.5 mm (16, 18), 1 mm (15, 17), 2 mm (13, 14, 20).
Figures 8-12 from: Valdez-Mondragón A, Cortez-Roldán MR (2016) On the trapdoor spiders of Mexico: description of the first new species of the spider genus Aptostichus from Mexico and the description of the female of Eucteniza zapatista (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae). ZooKeys 641: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10521
Figures 8-12 - Aptostichus sabinae sp. n. Male holotype: 8–9 Left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views respectively 10 Left palp, ventral view 11 Left palp, prolateral-apical view (arrow indicates apical spines on cymbium) 12 Detail of the bulb and embolus, ventral view. Scale bars 0.5 mm (11), 1 mm (8–10, 12).
Figures 21-24 from: Valdez-Mondragón A, Cortez-Roldán MR (2016) On the trapdoor spiders of Mexico: description of the first new species of the spider genus Aptostichus from Mexico and the description of the female of Eucteniza zapatista (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae). ZooKeys 641: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10521
Figures 21-24 - Eucteniza zapatista Bond & Godwin, 2013. Male: 21–22 Habitus, dorsal and ventral views respectively 23 Carapace, dorsal view 24 Prosoma, ventral view showing coxae, sternum, labium, and endites. Scale bars 0.5 mm (23, 24), 1 mm (21, 22).
Figures 28-31 from: Valdez-Mondragón A, Cortez-Roldán MR (2016) On the trapdoor spiders of Mexico: description of the first new species of the spider genus Aptostichus from Mexico and the description of the female of Eucteniza zapatista (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae). ZooKeys 641: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10521
Figures 28-31 - Eucteniza zapatista Bond & Godwin, 2013. Male: 28–29 Left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views respectively 30 Left palp, ventral view 31 Detail of the bulb and embolus, ventral view. Scale bars 0.5 mm (31), 2 mm (28–30).
Figures 25-27 from: Valdez-Mondragón A, Cortez-Roldán MR (2016) On the trapdoor spiders of Mexico: description of the first new species of the spider genus Aptostichus from Mexico and the description of the female of Eucteniza zapatista (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae). ZooKeys 641: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10521
Figures 25-27 - Eucteniza zapatista Bond & Godwin, 2013. Male: 25 Labium and endites, ventral view 26 Ocular region 27 Opisthosoma, ventral view, showing spinnerets. Scale bars 0.5 mm (26), 1 mm (25), 2 mm (27).
Figures 40-44 from: Valdez-Mondragón A, Cortez-Roldán MR (2016) On the trapdoor spiders of Mexico: description of the first new species of the spider genus Aptostichus from Mexico and the description of the female of Eucteniza zapatista (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae). ZooKeys 641: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10521
Figures 40-44 - Eucteniza zapatista Bond & Godwin, 2013. Male: Morphological variation in the shape of the tibia I and macrospines of the five males collected for this study. Scale bars 2 mm.
Figures 32-39 from: Valdez-Mondragón A, Cortez-Roldán MR (2016) On the trapdoor spiders of Mexico: description of the first new species of the spider genus Aptostichus from Mexico and the description of the female of Eucteniza zapatista (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae). ZooKeys 641: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10521
Figures 32-39 - Eucteniza zapatista Bond & Godwin, 2013. Male: 32–33 Left leg I, prolateral and retrolateral views respectively 34–35 Left leg II, prolateral and retrolateral views respectively 36 Tibia I, retrolateral view 37 Tibia II, retrolateral view 38 Detail of the paired megaspines on tibia I 39 Scopulae on tarsus I, retrolateral view. Scale bars 1 mm (38, 39), 2 mm (36, 37), 5 mm (32–35).
Figures 1-4 from: Valdez-Mondragón A, Cortez-Roldán MR (2016) On the trapdoor spiders of Mexico: description of the first new species of the spider genus Aptostichus from Mexico and the description of the female of Eucteniza zapatista (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae). ZooKeys 641: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.641.10521
Figures 1-4 - Aptostichus sabinae sp. n. Male holotype: 1–2 Habitus, dorsal and ventral views respectively 3 Carapace, dorsal view 4 Prosoma, ventral view showing coxae, sternum, labium and endites (arrow indicates cuspules). Scale bars 0.5 mm (1, 2), 0.2 mm (3, 4).
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