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48 results for “Aquatic animals”
Interlaboratory testing of CuSO4 toxicity in the “Standardized Aquatic Microcosm” protocol consisting of multiple phytoplankton and animals in a chemically defined medium.
Four different laboratories conducted a total of ten experiments of the “Standardized Aquatic Microcosm” to test the reproducibility of results to control, low, medium, and high concentrations of CuSO4. In nine experiments, treatments consisted of six replicates of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppb Cu++. One experiment, ME74, used 0, 127, 255, 509 ppb. The purpose was to test a chemically defined medium (thus negating differences due to local water supplies) and the same 10 species of phytoplankton and 5 animals, including Daphnia. Microbes were undefined. The protocol included the weekly re-introduction of small numbers of each species to allow potential recovery from toxicity. Control microcosms had a “spring algal bloom” terminated by zooplankton grazing and multiple competitive interactions. The copper inhibited some phytoplankton more than others and killed many grazers, especially Daphnia. The data set presented several interesting statistical properties that would yield new insights. (a) The results were very similar, but the timing varied— the higher the concentration of copper, the longer the inhibition and mortality of organisms, so those at 500 ppb recovered earlier, the 1000 ppb recovered later, and at 2000 ppb most never recovered. But if compared on each sampling day, e.g., 10, 14, … to 64, results appear highly variable. (b) In at least one experiment, the toxicity of copper was challenging to demonstrate statistically because high variability in the timing of recovery of the intermediate concentration increased pooled variances. (c) The elimination of highly-sensitive dominant organisms allowed less-sensitive organisms to increase in abundance. Within natural environments, the observation that some species increase in the presence of toxic substances has been used to discredit toxicity testing without considering the relative sensitivities of competing or predatory species. (d) The competitive interactions among organisms, e.g., cyanobacteria and green alga
FIG. 15 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 15. — Emys orbicularis Linnaeus, 1758 (young). Both the colour and the long pointed tail may explain the Roman name mus (lit. "mouse"). Photo credit: Katya (CC BY-SA 2.0).
FIG. 11 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 11. — Some of the most popular ostrea (externally shelled molluscs). A, a date mussel (balanus); B, a mussel (musculus – also myax or mitulus); C, a scallop (pectunculus); D, a spiny dye murex (murex or purpura). Detail from a Roman mosaic from Pompeii, 1st century CE (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Napoli; photo credit: A. Guasparri).
FIG. 7 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 7. — Two mollia (cephalopods), i.e. a sepia (bottom, left) and a polypus (center). Detail from a mosaic in Herculaneum (female thermae floor), Ist century CE. Photo credit: A. Guasparri.
FIG. 10 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 10. — The Roman folk-taxonomy of conchylium2 (i.e. mostly, our externally shelled molluscs). Abbreviations: LF, life-form; LF1+, sublife-form exceeding LF level by one more level; LF2+, sublife-form exceeding LF level by two more levels; LF3+, sublife-form exceeding LF level by three more levels; INT, intermediate;FG, folkgeneric; FS, folk-specific. Symbols: *, prototypical; /, synonymy; (…), ethnotaxonomic ascription only presumed, due to lack of explicit statements in the sources; + (superscript), multiple ethnotaxonomic ascription due to different statements in the sources;?, presumed folk taxon. See each entry in Appendix 1 for details.
FIG. 5 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 5. — Channe (comber). The one depicted is Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758), the painted comber. Detail from a Roman mosaic from Pompeii, 1st century CE (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Napoli; photo credit: A. Guasparri).
FIG. 2. — A in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 2. — A sparulus (Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758)), with its "shining golden nape" (Ovid). Photo credit: Waelbi (CC BY-SA 3.0).
FIG. 1 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 1. – Lat. gladius (above) with a detail of the bill (below), i.e. the "referential constraint" encoded in the descriptive name (lit. "sword"). Engraving from Salviani (1554: pl. 39).
FIG. 9. — A in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 9. — A Roman lacertus (in the foreground). The one depicted is a Scomber sp. (Atlantic mackerel). Detail from a Roman mosaic from Pompeii, 1st century CE (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Napoli; photo credit: A. Guasparri).
FIG. 14 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 14. — The Roman folk-taxonomy of aquatic turtles (mus2, testudo). Abbreviations: FK, folk kingdom; INT, intermediate; FG, folk-generic; FS, folk-specific. Symbols: *, prototypical; /, synonymy; (…), ethnotaxonomic ascription only presumed, due to lack of explicit statements in the sources; […], not in the checklist inasmuch as non-aquatic. See each entry in Appendix 1 for details.
FIG. 17 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 17. — The Roman folk-taxonomy of cete/beluae marinae (lit. "marine beasts"), which comprises various marine animals. Abbreviations: FK, folk kingdom; LF, life-form; FG, folk-generic. Symbols: *, prototypical; /, synonymy; (…), ethnotaxonomic ascription only presumed, due to lack of explicit statements in the sources. See each entry in Appendix 1 for details.
FIG. 13. — A in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 13. — A spiny lobster (locusta), with some externally shelled molluscs: A, a mussel (musculus); B, clams (chemae); C, spiny dye murices (murices or purpurae). Fresco from Herculaneum, 1st century CE (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Napoli; photo credits: A. Guaspari).
FIG. 16. — A in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 16. — A, European pond turtle Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758); B, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1861). Photo credits: Katya, CC BY-SA 2.0 (A); Claudia Lombard, CC BY 2.0 (B).
FIG. 3. — A in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 3. — A sample of those aquatic animals the Romans would have called piscis, i.e. fish, molluscs and crustaceans. Detail from a Roman mosaic from Pompeii, Ist century CE (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Napoli; photo credit: A. Guasparri).
FIG. 12 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 12. — The Roman folk-taxonomy of cancer2/crustata (i.e., mostly, our crustaceans). Abbreviations: Abbreviations: LF, life-form; LF1+, sublife-form; INT, intermediate; FG, folk-generic; FS, folk-specific. Symbols: *, prototypical; /, synonymy; (…), ethnotaxonomic ascription only presumed, due to lack of explicit statements in the sources;+ (superscript), multiple ethnotaxonomic ascription due to different statements in the sources. See each entry in Appendix 1 for details.
FIG. 4 in The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)
FIG. 4. — The Roman folk-taxonomy of mollia (i.e. our cephalopods) and other invertebrates (sponges, jellyfish, etc.). Abbreviations: FK, folk kingdom; LF, lifeform; LF1+, sublife-form; INT, intermediate; FG, folk-generic; FS, folk-specific. Symbols: + (superscript), multiple ethnotaxonomic ascription due to different statements in the sources; /, synonymy;(…), ethnotaxonomic ascription only presumed, due to lack of explicit statements in the sources;?, presumed folk taxon. See each entry in Appendix 1 for details.
Fig. 3 in Isolation and identification of 18 unrecorded prokaryotic species from the intestinal tracts of aquatic animals in Korea
Fig. 3. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showing the phylogenetic relatedness between the four isolated strains belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria and the type species from each genus. The tree was mainly reconstructed using the NJ, ML, and MP algorithms. The filled diamonds indicate the branches present in the phylogenetic trees reconstructed with three different tree reconstruction methods. Numbers on the nodes represent bootstrap values with 1000 replicates (NJ/ML/MP). B. fragilis NCTC 9434T was used as an outgroup. The bar indicates 0.05 accumulated substitutions per nucleotide.
Fig. 2 in Isolation and identification of 18 unrecorded prokaryotic species from the intestinal tracts of aquatic animals in Korea
Fig. 2. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showing the phylogenetic relatedness between the nine isolated strains belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria and the type species from each genus. The tree was mainly reconstructed using the neighbor joining (NJ), maximum likelihood (ML), and maximum parsimony (MP) algorithms. The Filled diamonds indicate the branches present in the phylogenetic trees reconstructed using three different tree reconstruction methods. Numbers on the nodes represent bootstrap values with 1000 replicates (NJ/ ML/MP). Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9434T was used as an outgroup. The bar indicates 0.05 accumulated substitutions per nucleotide.
Fig. 5 in Isolation and identification of 18 unrecorded prokaryotic species from the intestinal tracts of aquatic animals in Korea
Fig. 5. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showing the phylogenetic relatedness between the three isolated strains belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the type species from each genus. The tree was mainly reconstructed using the NJ, ML, and MP algorithms. The filled diamonds indicate the branches present in the phylogenetic trees reconstructed using three different tree reconstruction methods. Numbers on the nodes represent bootstrap values with 1000 replicates(NJ/ML/MP). E. coli ATCC 11775T was used as an outgroup. The bar indicates 0.05 accumulated substitutions per nucleotide.
Fig. 1 in Isolation and identification of 18 unrecorded prokaryotic species from the intestinal tracts of aquatic animals in Korea
Fig. 1. The energy-filtering transmission electron micrographs of the isolated strains. Strains: 1, K33R8; 2, K33T6; 3, G12R3; 4, R13S1; 5, R23R4; 6, R33M6-1; 7, R33M4; 8, K11M4; 9, O13M9; 10, 719; 11, 176; 12, 775; 13, 765; 14, 684; 15, A52; 16, 771; 17, A79; 18, 772.
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