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11 results for “Aquatic decomposition”
Comparison of terrestrial versus aquatic decomposition rates of logs at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1985 to 2015
The data collected from this study describe the decomposition of small logs (20-30 cm diameter, 2 m length) in a stream channel to those on an adjacent upland site at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest. The stream is a 3rd order above the junction of Lookout Creek and Mack Creek. Three species of trees are being examined: Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and red alder. Data collection started in 1985 and is scheduled to continue to 2050. Periodically a subset of logs is resampled to determine changes in volume, bark cover, density, and nutrient stores. The last set of samples was collected in 2005. Logs ranging in diameter between 20 and 30 cm of a length of 2 m were cut out of live trees of the three species. Logs were placed by hand along a skid road at the terrestrial site. A cable system was used to place log randomly along a stream reach. The location of logs in the stream is noted when they are sampled. The length and diameter as well as bark cover of each sampled log is noted at the time of sampling (td01701). Six cross-sections are removed with a chainsaw. The thickness of the tissue types is noted (inner bark, outer bark, sapwood, and heartwood) and are described in td01702. Samples of each tissue type are taken to determine their moisture content (water mass/dry mass) and density (dry mass/green volume). Density is derived from dry mass and volume as determined via dimensional measurements. Dimensional data, volumes, masses, density, and moisture content are documented in the td01703 table. The volume of logs and tissue types, the total mass, and proportional mass of the tissue types as well as moisture contents is derived from the data in the other data tables and is stored in the td01704 table.
Cross-site decomposition of leaf litter in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, CWT and LUQ, 2000 (species Buchenavia capitata, Dacryodes excelsa, Guarea guidonia, Quercus prinus).
Comparison of decomposition and nutrient losses from three species of leaf litter in terrestrial and aquatic habitats at CWT and LUQ LTER sites. Overall hypothesis is that macro-consumers have different patterns and impacts on decomposition rates than microbial decomposers, and that these patterns are magnified in litters of low vs. high qualities over the two years of the experiment.
Energetic mismatch induced by warming decreases leaf litter decomposition by aquatic detritivores
<p>1. The balance of energetic losses and gains is of paramount importance for understanding and predicting the persistence of populations and ecosystem processes in a rapidly changing world. Previous studies suggested that metabolic rate often increases faster with warming than resource ingestion rate, leading to an energetic mismatch at high temperature. However, little is known about the ecological consequences of this energetic mismatch for population demography and ecosystem functions.</p> <p>2. Here, we combined laboratory experiments and modeling to investigate the energetic balance of a stream detritivore (Gammarus fossarum) along a temperature gradient and the consequences for detritivore populations and organic matter decomposition.</p> <p>3. We experimentally measured the energetic losses (metabolic rate) and supplies (ingestion rate) of Gammarus and we modeled the impact of rising temperatures and changes in Gammarus body size induced by warming on population dynamics and benthic organic matter dynamics in freshwater systems.</p> <p>4. Our experimental results indicated an energetic mismatch in a Gammarus population where losses via metabolic rate increase faster than supplies via food ingestion with warming, which translated in a decrease of energetic efficiency with temperature rising from 5 to 20 °C. Moreover, our consumer-resource model predicts a decrease in the biomass of Gammarus population with warming, associated with lower maximum abundances and steeper abundance decreases after biomass annual peaks. These changes resulted in a decrease of leaf litter decomposition rate and thus longer persistence of leaf litter standing stock over years in the simulations. In addition, Gammarus body size reductions led to shorter persistence for both leaf litter and Gammarus biomasses at low temperature and the opposite trend at high temperature, revealing that body size reduction was weakening the effect of temperature on resource and consumer persistence.</p> <p>5. Our model contributes to identifying the mechanisms that explain how thermal effects at the level of individuals may cascade through trophic interactions and influence important ecosystem processes. Considering the balance of physiological processes is crucial to improve our ability to predict the impact of climate change on carbon stocks and ecosystem functions.</p>
Energetic mismatch induced by warming decreases leaf litter decomposition by aquatic detritivores
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Supplementary Material Chapter 4 - Decomposition of aquatic pioneer vegetation in newly constructed wetlands
<p>Supplementary Material to Chapter 4 "Decomposition of aquatic pioneer vegetation in newly constructed wetlands" of PhD thesis from Ciska Overbeek, "Peat formation on a former landfill - Production and decomposition of aquatic pioneer vegetation". </p> <p>Published by Overbeek et al in 2018 in Ecological Engineering 114: 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.06.046. </p>
Data from: Leaf litter diversity and structure of microbial decomposer communities modulate litter decomposition in aquatic systems
1. Leaf litter decomposition is a major ecosystem process that can link aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems by flows of nutrients. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research hypothesizes that the global loss of species leads to impaired decomposition rates and thus to slower recycling of nutrients. Especially in aquatic systems an understanding of diversity effects on litter decomposition is still incomplete. 2. Here we conducted an experiment to test two main factors associated with global species loss that might influence leaf litter decomposition. Firstly, we tested whether mixing different leaf species alters litter decomposition rates compared to decomposition of these species in monoculture. Secondly, we tested the effect of the size structure of a lotic decomposer community on decomposition rates. 3. Overall, leaf litter identity strongly affected decomposition rates, and the observed decomposition rates matched measures of metabolic activity and microbial abundances. While we found some evidence of a positive leaf litter diversity effect on decomposition, this effect was not coherent across all litter combinations and the effect was generally additive and not synergistic. 4. Microbial communities, with a reduced functional and trophic complexity, showed a small but significant overall reduction in decomposition rates compared to communities with the naturally complete functional and trophic complexity, highlighting the importance of a complete microbial community on ecosystem functioning. 5. Our results suggest that top-down diversity effects of the decomposer community on litter decomposition in aquatic systems are of comparable importance as bottom-up diversity effects of primary producers.
Initial litter quality and climate regulate the negative effects of fauna exclusion on litter decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems: A global meta-analysis of enclosure studies
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Data from: Leaf litter diversity and structure of microbial decomposer communities modulate litter decomposition in aquatic systems
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Data from: An affordable and reliable assessment of aquatic decomposition: tailoring the Tea Bag Index to surface waters
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Data from: Litter movement pathways across terrestrial-aquatic ecosystem boundaries affect litter colonization and decomposition in streams
1. Streams and their riparian zones are connected by spatial flows of organic matter, and constitute a model example of a meta-ecosystem. Fluxes of leaf litter from the riparian zone to the stream are a major energy source in stream food webs. Leaf litter can enter the stream vertically, falling from the tree and into the stream, or laterally, washing into the stream after a period of exposure in the terrestrial ecosystem. The latter can contribute up to 23% to the total amount of litterfall entering streams. 2. To determine if decomposition, microbial and invertebrate colonization of lateral litter inputs are similar to those of vertical inputs, we assessed leaf decomposition of alder, poplar and a 1:1 mixture of the two species in three scenarios across a gradient of terrestrial:aquatic exposures. 3. Overall decomposition was explained by a negative exponential model and decreased with the increase in the period of terrestrial exposure in all cases. Invertebrate colonization tended to decrease with the increase in the period of terrestrial exposure, but total invertebrate richness and biomass were more affected by litter type than by the exposure scenario, attaining higher values in the mixture than in the species alone. 4. As the length of exposure in the terrestrial ecosystem increased, in-stream decomposition rates of leaf litter decreased. Comparing leaf species treatments, alder decomposition rates were faster than poplar and the alder-poplar mixture. 5. The richness of the aquatic hyphomycete community colonizing leaf litter after submergence decreased and sporulation rates were strongly inhibited with an increasing terrestrial exposure period. While fungi colonizing leaf litter exposed only in the stream invested in rapid reproduction, fungi colonizing litter with prior terrestrial exposure built up more biomass. 6. We conclude that the path taken by the litter fluxes has important effects on the functioning of the receiving ecosystem. Studies relying only on the fate of freshly abscissed leaf litter (vertical inputs) may not present a complete picture of the decomposition process in streams and may have been overestimating the overall richness and reproductive activity of the aquatic hyphomycetes colonizing leaf litter.
Data from: Litter movement pathways across terrestrial-aquatic ecosystem boundaries affect litter colonization and decomposition in streams
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