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32,746 results for “Araneae”
Morphometric data from: Incongruent molecular and morphological variation in the crab spider Synema globosum (Araneae: Thomisidae) in Europe
<p>Here we provide the complete set of files used by <a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1078.64116">Urfer et al. (2021</a>, see References section below for the complete citation of the publication) for the morphometric and the molecular analysis. In particular, we provide the following documents:</p> <p><br> PART 1: MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS</p> <p>- 1_Synema_data_multiple_imputation_mice.R: R-script used for replacing NAs.</p> <p>- 1_Synema_data_NA_imputed.csv: Dataset with raw values (in millimeters) of all 28 specimens used for the morphometric analysis. Each specimen was measured 4 times. NAs replaced using the R-script "Synema_multiple_imputation_mice.R" above. This is the datafile used for all morphometric analyses.</p> <p>- 1_Synema_data_with_NA.csv: Dataset with raw values (in millimeters) of all 28 specimens. Each specimen was measured 4 times. NAs not replaced.<br> <br> - 1_Synema_Reliability.R: R-script for calculating reliability.<br> <br> - 1_Synema_Reliability_supplementary_figure.pdf: Results of reliability analysis presented in a bar plot.</p> <p>- 1_Synema_Reliability_supplementary_table.txt: Results of reliability analysis presented in a table.<br> <br> - 1_Synema_Shape_PCA_and_PCA_Ratio_Spectrum.R: R-script for calculating the shape PCA and the PCA Ratio Spectrum of the first shape PC. You may get the necessary MRA source script from http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4250142<br> <br> - Synema_globosum_AR9379_PV.jpg, Synema_globosum_AR9379_PV.jpg, Synema_globosum_AR9379_PV.jpg, etc.: Photographs taken with a LEICA M205 C stere-omicroscope.</p> <p> 1. Numbers after AR_ refer to the inventory number of the specimens in the Natural History Musuem Bern (NMBE). The specimen number was also used in the data file.<br> 2. The photo named "Synema_globosum_AR9163_with_measurements" shows the position of the measurements. Otherwise, the measurements are not indicated in the raw photos.</p> <p><br> Example image Character name Definition<br> Synema_globosum_AR9163_with_measurements cym.l Cymbium lenght Distance of the anterior margin to the tip of the cymbium<br> Synema_globosum_AR9163_with_measurements cym.b Cymbium breadth widest breadth of the cymbium<br> Synema_globosum_AR9163_with_measurements bul.b Bulb breadth widest breadth of the genital bulbus<br> Synema_globosum_AR9163_with_measurements tib.b Tibia breadth breadth of the tibia base at the patella joint</p>
Datasets for phylogenetic analyses and phylogenetic trees for: Genetic barcodes for species identification and phylogenetic estimation in ghost spiders (Araneae: Anyphaenidae: Amaurobioidinae). Invertebrate Systematics, 2024
<p>We combined the COI sequence data with legacy multigene sequence data to create a new, taxon-rich phylogeny for the Amaurobioidinae. We used sequences for four loci that have been used in previous studies on the subfamily: two mitochondrial loci, COI (658bp) and ribosomal subunit 16S (16S, 410bp); and two nuclear loci, Histone H3 (H3, 327bp) and ribosomal subunit 28S (28S, 839bp). We complemented the Amaurobioidinae data with sequences from several non-amaurobioidine anyphaenids and two clubionids as outgroups. Sequence alignment was performed using the MAFFT (ver. 7.308) plugin in Geneious, allowing MAFFT to automatically select an appropriate alignment strategy based on the properties of each locus, or with the online MAFFT server (https://mafft.cbrc.jp), which consistently selected the L-INS-i algorithm. Finally, alignments of the four loci were concatenated to construct a 2234 bp multigene sequence matrix containing 692 taxa, with about 55% missing/gap data (“full” matrix henceforth). To ensure that excessive missing data did not affect the resulting topology, we also constructed a reduced matrix by removing additional COI-only specimens so that each species and morphotype was represented by just one or two specimens for which all loci were available (where possible). After realignment, this reduced matrix was 2235 bp long, included 167 taxa, and had about 22% missing/gap data (“reduced” matrix henceforth). Phylogenetic analyses under maximum likelihood, including model selection, were then conducted with IQ-TREE 2. We performed phylogenetic analyses on both concatenated matrices (the full matrix and the reduced matrix) and on each individual locus. For model selection, we provided an initial scheme that partitioned the matrix by locus, and further partitioned the protein-coding loci (COI and H3) by codon position. We used ModelFinder and searched for the best partition scheme, all in IQ-TREE. The best models (partitions) for the full dataset were: GTR+F+I+G4 (16S), GTR+F+I+I+R4 (28S), TVM+F+I+I+R2 (COI-1), TIM2+F+R4 (COI-2), GTR+F+R5 (COI-3), TVMe+G4 (H3-1-H3-2), SYM+G4 (H3-3); and for the reduced dataset: GTR+F+I+G4 (16S), GTR+F+I+G4: (28S), GTR+F+I+G4: (COI-2), GTR+F+I+G4: (COI-3), TVM+F+I+G4: (COI-1, H3-2), GTR+F+I+G4: (H3-1), GTR+F+I+G4: (H3-3). For each dataset, once the best models and partitions were defined, we executed 10 independent replicates of tree calculations followed by 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates, and the replicate reaching the maximum likelihood was chosen. Phylogenetic analyses under parsimony were made with TNT, under equal weights, using the “new technology” search with default values, asking for 10 independent hits to the minimal length, and submitting the resulting trees to a round of TBR branch swapping. </p>
Dataset: Systematics of the color-polymorphic spider genus Cybaeolus, with comments on the phylogeny of the family Hahniidae (Araneae)
<p>Phylogenetic analysis of the spiders of the genus Cybaeulus, with outgroups in the marronoid clade. Data from six DNA markers, analyzed with maximum likelihood and parsimony.</p> <p><br>PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS</p> <p>We obtained sequences from 26 samples of the three known species of Cybaeolus, and of five additional species of Hahniidae. To these, we added legacy sequences of Cybaeolus and of other genera of Hahniidae, as well as representatives of the remaining families in the marronoid clade. For the new sequences, the extraction and amplification of DNA was made in the Laboratory of Molecular Tools at Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN), from tissues preserved in absolute alcohol at -18ºC. We targeted the markers histone H3 (H3), cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO1), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S), previously used to estimate relationships of marronoid spiders (Wheeler et al., 2017). Details of extraction, primers and PCR protocols are the same as in Magalhaes & Ramírez (2022). Sequencing was outsourced to Macrogen Inc., South Korea. The resulting chromatograms were analyzed individually to detect contaminated sequences or ambiguous portions. In addition to these sequences obtained in the laboratory, we combined our data with additional sequences from previous work (Wheeler et al., 2017; Rivera-Quiroz et al., 2020), using the markers mentioned above plus 12S ribosomal RNA (12S) and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S). For the CO1 marker, additional sequences obtained by the Arachnology Division at MACN and deposited in the BOLDSYSTEMS platform (https://www.boldsystems.org/) were also used. Sequences were aligned with MAFFT Online v.7.463 (Katoh & Standley, 2013), using the L-INS-I algorithm. See Table 1 for list of vouchers and sequence identifiers.</p> <p>Maximum likelihood<br>For the maximum likelihood analyses we used the program IQ-TREE 2.2.0 (Minh et al., 2020), partitioning the data by marker, and selecting the best combination of partitions and evolution models by Bayesian information criterion (best fitting models were TPM2+I+G4 for H3, GTR+F+I+G4 for 18S, GTR+F+I+G4 for 16S and 12S together, GTR+F+I+G4 for CO1, and GTR+F+I+G4 for 28S). Since the relationships of outgroup taxa in the resulting trees were slightly different to that found in recent phylogenomic studies, we used the study of Gorneau et al. (2023) based on ultraconserved elements as a backbone topology to constrain our tree search, considering only the taxa in common with our analysis (see supplementary Fig. S1); this means that all the rest of the taxa are free to move anywhere during tree search. Support for groups (branches) was estimated by 1000 cycles of ultrafast bootstrapping. Ten independent runs were performed; of those, six converged into nearly identical log likelihood values (-57417.7725 to -57417.9604) and identical topologies; the tree with top-ranking log likelihood is presented in Results, after collapsing branches with bootstrap below 0.5. To estimate the support of an alternative topology with Cybaeolus as sister to the rest of the hahniids, we used TNT 1.6 (Goloboff & Morales, 2023) to modify the optimal tree placing Cybaeolus in such position, and asked for the frequency of the branch of interest (all hahniids except Cybaeolus) in the 1000 bootstrapped trees previously saved by IQTREE.<br>Ancestral character states for the arrangement of spinnerets (grouped; separated in a transversal line) were estimated by maximum likelihood on the optimal tree, using the R packages phytools and ape, under the models ER and ARD, and the best fitting model selected by the Akaike information criterion. </p> <p>Parsimony<br>For the parsimony analyses we used TNT 1.6. For the equal weights analysis, a heuristic search was made using a driven search with the default parameters of the “new technologies”, aiming for 10 independent hits to minimum length. The resulting trees were then submitted to an additional round of tree-bisection reconnection (TBR) branch swapping. These results were compared to a simpler search strategy of 300 random addition sequences, each followed by TBR, which produced 20 hits to minimal length. As both strategies reached the same trees with multiple independent hits, it is likely that the optimal trees were found. Finally, the strict consensus of all the optimal trees was obtained, and on this consensus the support values were calculated by means of 1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates. </p>
Quick keys to the Bominae genera of South Africa (Araneae: Thomisidae)
<p>In this paper, keys are provided to identify the genera <em>Avelis</em> Simon, 1895, <em>Holopelus</em> Simon, 1886, <em>Parabomis,</em><br>1901 and <em>Thomisops</em> Karsch, 1879 and their species in the field and from photographs. With their small and round bodies they resemble seeds and may easily be overlooked in the field. The latest information on their distribution and conservation status in South Africa is provided.</p>
Records of Artema atlanta Walckenaer, 1837 from South Africa (Araneae: Pholcidae)
<p>Records of the spider <em>Artema atlanta </em>Walckenaer, 1837 from South Africa are presented. The general morphol-ogy of live specimens is discussed, and photographs are provided, with notes on their behaviour and distribution.</p>
Supplementary data for: On the Neotropical spider genus Ciniflella Mello-Leitão, 1921 (Araneae: Zoropsidae, Tengellinae)
<p>Phylogenetic datasets, trees and supplementary figures.</p>
Araneae isotope analysis in pitfall traps in sub project 7 in KiLi project
<p><span>Isotope analysis was conducted by Friederike Gerschlauer, together with Gustavo Seiz and Ralf Kiese. The Spiders were sorted, measured and prepared for analysis by Michael Haas for his master thesis.</span></p> <p><span>The KiLi project (2010-2018) is a German Science Foundation (DFG) funded research unit (DFG research unit FOR1246) that focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem processes along altitudinal and disturbance gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa), capitalizing on its world-wide unique range of climatic and vegetation zones. The research unit comprises 2 central projects and 7 subprojects from various disciplines. On a total of 60 study sites in both natural and human-disturbed ecosystems biodiversity (e.g. plants, soil arthropods, ants, bees, frogs, lizards, bats, birds), related ecosystem processes (decomposition, seed dispersal, pollination, herbivory, predation), and biogeochemical processes and properties of ecosystems (climate, soil properties and nutrient status, regulation of water and carbon fluxes, trace gas emissions, primary productivity, functional diversity) are analyzed.</span></p>
Araneae morphospecies in pitfall traps in sub project 7 in KiLi project
<p>Morphospecies of reasonable quality, but not checked by a taxonomist. identification at family level should hold.</p> <p>We sampled arthropod assemblages in disturbed and undisturbed vegetation types along an elevational gradient of 860–4550 m asl on the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. On each site, ten pitfall traps were evenly spaced along two 50 m transects, with a distance of 10 m between individual traps and 20 m between transects. Pitfall traps were filled with 100–200 ml of a mixture of ethylene glycol and water (1:1 vol/vol) with a drop of liquid soap to break surface tension. Traps were exposed for 7 days each during two to five sampling events in both the dry and wet seasons between May 2011 and October 2012. As the number of individuals collected in ten traps was very high, we had to confine the sorting and subsequent analysis to sub-sets of at least three traps per sampling site and sampling event. Unfortunately, we had to find out later that the ethylen glycol procured locally was actually a mixture of ethylen glycol and 2-ethoxyethanol, which is a strong oxidizing chemical. Therefore, any sequencing of specimen caught in pitfall traps was impossible.</p> <p>Haas, Michael. 2014. Master thesis. The influence of elevation on community composition and trophic position of spiders. University of Marburg</p> <p>The KiLi project (2010-2018) is a German Science Foundation (DFG) funded research unit (DFG research unit FOR1246) that focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem processes along altitudinal and disturbance gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa), capitalizing on its world-wide unique range of climatic and vegetation zones. The research unit comprises 2 central projects and 7 subprojects from various disciplines. On a total of 60 study sites in both natural and human-disturbed ecosystems biodiversity (e.g. plants, soil arthropods, ants, bees, frogs, lizards, bats, birds), related ecosystem processes (decomposition, seed dispersal, pollination, herbivory, predation), and biogeochemical processes and properties of ecosystems (climate, soil properties and nutrient status, regulation of water and carbon fluxes, trace gas emissions, primary productivity, functional diversity) are analyzed.</p>
Araneae families abundance in pitfall traps in sub project 7 in KiLi project
<p>Abundances of spiders, resolution at least family level, FER2 was not sampled.</p> <p>We sampled arthropod assemblages in disturbed and undisturbed vegetation types along an elevational gradient of 860–4550 m asl on the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. On each site, ten pitfall traps were evenly spaced along two 50 m transects, with a distance of 10 m between individual traps and 20 m between transects. Pitfall traps were filled with 100–200 ml of a mixture of ethylene glycol and water (1:1 vol/vol) with a drop of liquid soap to break surface tension. Traps were exposed for 7 days each during two to five sampling events in both the dry and wet seasons between May 2011 and October 2012. As the number of individuals collected in ten traps was very high, we had to confine the sorting and subsequent analysis to sub-sets of at least three traps per sampling site and sampling event. Unfortunately, we had to find out later that the ethylen glycol procured locally was actually a mixture of ethylen glycol and 2-ethoxyethanol, which is a strong oxidizing chemical. Therefore, any sequencing of specimen caught in pitfall traps was impossible.</p> <p>Haas, Michael. 2014. Master thesis. The influence of elevation on community composition and trophic position of spiders. University of Marburg</p> <p>The KiLi project (2010-2018) is a German Science Foundation (DFG) funded research unit (DFG research unit FOR1246) that focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem processes along altitudinal and disturbance gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa), capitalizing on its world-wide unique range of climatic and vegetation zones. The research unit comprises 2 central projects and 7 subprojects from various disciplines. On a total of 60 study sites in both natural and human-disturbed ecosystems biodiversity (e.g. plants, soil arthropods, ants, bees, frogs, lizards, bats, birds), related ecosystem processes (decomposition, seed dispersal, pollination, herbivory, predation), and biogeochemical processes and properties of ecosystems (climate, soil properties and nutrient status, regulation of water and carbon fluxes, trace gas emissions, primary productivity, functional diversity) are analyzed.</p>
Figs. 1-6 in On The Relationships of the Spider Genus Cybaeodes (Araneae, Dionycha)
Figs. 1-6. Cybaeodes marinae Di Franco, spinnerets. 1-3. Female. 4-6. Male. 1, 4. Anterior lateral spinnerets. 2, 5. Posterior median spinnerets. 3, 6. Posterior lateral spinnerets.
Figs. 15-18. Cybaeodes avolensis, new species. 15. Left male palp, ventral view. 16. Same, retrolateral view. 17. Epigynum, ventral view. 18 in On The Relationships of the Spider Genus Cybaeodes (Araneae, Dionycha)
Figs. 15-18. Cybaeodes avolensis, new species. 15. Left male palp, ventral view. 16. Same, retrolateral view. 17. Epigynum, ventral view. 18. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 21-24 in On Hesperocranum, A New Spider Genus from Western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae)
Figs. 21-24. Hesperocranum rothi, new species, male palp. 21. Prolateral view. 22. Retrolateral view. 23. Prolateral view of embolar region. 24. Ventral view.
Figs. 17-20 in On Hesperocranum, A New Spider Genus from Western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae)
Figs. 17-20. Hesperocranum rothi, new species, female. 17. Chelicerae and eye region, anterior view. 18. Eye region, dorsal view. 19. Epigynum, ventral view. 20. Posterior median spinnerets, anterior end towards top of photo. Original magnification = 700 x.
Figs. 1-7 in Two New Species Of The Genus Oedignatha Thorell (Araneae: Clubionidae) From Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India
Figs. 1-7. Oedignatha binoyii sp. novo 1. Dorsal view of female (legs omitted); 2. Epigyne; 3. Internal genitalia; 4. Right male palp - ventral view; 5. Right male palp - inner view; 6. Right male palp - outer view; 7. Right chelicera - ventral view
Figs. 23-26. 23, 24 in On The Relationships of the Spider Genus Cybaeodes (Araneae, Dionycha)
Figs. 23-26. 23, 24. Cybaeodes marinae Di Franco. 25, 26. C. sardus, new species. 23. Left male palp, ventral view. 24. Same, retrolateral view. 25. Epigynum, ventral view. 26. Epigynum, dorsal view.
Figs. 11-14 in On The Relationships of the Spider Genus Cybaeodes (Araneae, Dionycha)
Figs. 11-14. Cybaeodes molara (Roewer). 11. Left male palp, ventral view. 12. Same, retrolateral view. 13. Epigynum, ventral view. 14. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 19-22. 19, 20. Cybaeodes carusoi, new species. 21, 22. C. alicatai, new species. 19. Left male palp, ventral view. 20. Same, retrolateral view. 21. Epigynum, ventral view. 22 in On The Relationships of the Spider Genus Cybaeodes (Araneae, Dionycha)
Figs. 19-22. 19, 20. Cybaeodes carusoi, new species. 21, 22. C. alicatai, new species. 19. Left male palp, ventral view. 20. Same, retrolateral view. 21. Epigynum, ventral view. 22. Same, dorsal view.
Figs. 36-38 in Fauna of West Bengal- Araneae: Spiders- Subfamily Corinnidae
Figs. 36-38: Sphingius paltaensis sp. nov. 36. Dorsal view of female, legs omitted. 37. Epigyne. 38. Internal genitalia.
Figs. 7-10 in On The Relationships of the Spider Genus Cybaeodes (Araneae, Dionycha)
Figs. 7-10. Cybaeodes marinae Di Franco, female. 7, 8. Tarsus I, ventral views. 9. Trichobothrial base from tarsus I. 10. Tarsal organ from leg I.
FIG. 15. — A, B in The high complexity of Micronetinae Hull, 1920 (Araneae, Linyphiidae) evidenced through ten new cave-dweller species from the Morocco
FIG. 15. — A, B, epigyne of Palliduphantes banderolatus Barrientos n. sp. in lateral (A) and ventral (B) views; C, male copulatory bulb of P. banderolatus Barrientos n. sp. retrolateral view; D-F, epigyne of Palliduphantes megascapus Barrientos n. sp. in lateral (D) and ventral (E and F) views.
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