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Fig. 7 in Certesella larai (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Hyalospheniformes) a new soil testate amoeba species from the Dominican Republic and Chile challenges the definition of genera Certesella and Porosia

Fig. 7. Maximum range of shell length and width of the three known Certesella and Porosia species showing a lack of overlap between C. larai n.sp. and all other species from the two genera in this two-dimensional space. Each species is illustrated (images not exactly to scale).

Fig. 6 in Certesella larai (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Hyalospheniformes) a new soil testate amoeba species from the Dominican Republic and Chile challenges the definition of genera Certesella and Porosia

Fig. 6. Comparative overview of the morphology of all known species of genera Certesella and Porosia species. A: Certesella larai n. sp., B: C. certesi, C: C. australis, D: C. murrayi, E: C. martiali, F: Porosia paracarinata, G: P. bigibbbosa. Images are not to scale as some early images lacked a scale.

Fig. 5 in Certesella larai (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Hyalospheniformes) a new soil testate amoeba species from the Dominican Republic and Chile challenges the definition of genera Certesella and Porosia

Fig. 5. Biplot of length vs. width of two populations of Certesella larai n.sp. from Dominican Republic and Chile.

Fig. 3 in Certesella larai (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Hyalospheniformes) a new soil testate amoeba species from the Dominican Republic and Chile challenges the definition of genera Certesella and Porosia

Fig. 3. Light microscopy images of Certesella larai n.sp. from Parque Nacional Alerce Costero, Los Ríos Region, Chile, showing the detail of the pseudostome. The right image shows internal teeth fully visible on the flank of the neck (solid arrow and visible only in transparency (empty arrow). Such structures are only visible in ca. 10% of the specimens. Scale bar 10 µm.

Fig. 1 in Certesella larai (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Hyalospheniformes) a new soil testate amoeba species from the Dominican Republic and Chile challenges the definition of genera Certesella and Porosia

Fig. 1. General shape of Certesella larai n.sp. and indication of the morphometrical measurements. 1 – shell length, 2 – shell breadth, 3 – shell length / breadth ratio (not illustrated), 4 – aperture (long axis), 5 – distance from fundus to the pores, 6 – distance from fundus to base of neck, 7 – distance between the pores, 8 – width of the neck at narrowest point, 9 – pore length, 10 – pore width.

Fig. 2 in Certesella larai (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Hyalospheniformes) a new soil testate amoeba species from the Dominican Republic and Chile challenges the definition of genera Certesella and Porosia

Fig. 2. Light microscopy images of Certesella larai n.sp. from Parque Nacional Alerce Costero, Los Ríos Region, Chile. Left: DIC image of the type specimen deposited at the Natural History Museum of Neuchâtel (slide 95–2). Centre and right: brightfield images of specimens from the same sample. Scale bar 20 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Superficially described and ignored for 92 years, rediscovered and emended: Apodera angatakere (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Hyalospheniformes) is a new flagship testate amoeba taxon from Aotearoa (New Zealand)

FIGURE 2 Top half: Apodera angatakere n. gen. n. sp. (A–C, Eand F), five specimens from Ahukawakawa swamp, Taranaki Maunga, New Zealand's North Island (sample EM-2540): (A–C) three barcoded individuals, (D) Brehm's original drawing of Apodera angatakere (described as Nebela penardi) from Margaret's Tarn, Arthur's Pass, New Zealand's South Island, (E and F), two individuals from sample EM-2540 (LM and SEM, respectively). Eis the holotype. Note the presence of a ca. 10 µm wide keel. All specimens illustrated here as well as in Figures S2–S8 were used for morphometrical analyses (Figure 1). Scale bars (20, 50, or 100 µm) are shown for all specimen but were not provided in the original description. Bottom half: Apodera vas. (G) barcoded specimen from Macquarie Island (sample EM-2764), (H–J) three specimens from forest litter collected on the lower slopes of Taranaki Maunga, New Zealand's North Island (sample EM-2543). (H and I) Two barcoded specimen, (J) SEM of a third individual; note the absence of a keel. The codes of the barcoded specimens are the same as in the phylogenetic tree (Figure 3)

FI GU R E 3 Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the Hyalospheniformes with a focus on Apodera, Alocodera, and Padaungiella based on COI gene sequences. Bootstrap values (bs) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (p.p.) are indicated respectively between branches. COI sequences from genera other than Apodera were retrieved from GenBank in Superficially described and ignored for 92 years, rediscovered and emended: Apodera angatakere (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Hyalospheniformes) is a new flagship testate amoeba taxon from Aotearoa (New Zealand)

FI GU R E 3 Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the Hyalospheniformes with a focus on Apodera, Alocodera, and Padaungiella based on COI gene sequences. Bootstrap values (bs) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (p.p.) are indicated respectively between branches. COI sequences from genera other than Apodera were retrieved from GenBank

Fig. 6 in Neotypification of Difflugia biwae (Amoebozoa: Tubulinea: Arcellinida) from the Lake Biwa, Japan

Fig. 6. Scatter plot of principal component scores (PC1 and PC2) performed with size-corrected data of four different sample series from Lake Biwa (1961: neotype and VSS I, 1961: Mesurement#1 and 1963: Mesurement#2) and Mulan Lake. Crosses, neotype and VSS 1; open circles, Measurement#1; filled triangles, Measurement#2; filled circles, Mulan Lake, China; arrow, neotype. Each broken line circle indicates 95% confidence limit. Table 1. Morphometric characteristics of Difflugia biwae from Lake Biwa (taken in 1961: neotype and VSS I, n=19: left, 1961: Measurement#1, n=161: middle left, 1963: Measurement#2, n=70: middle right), and from Mulan Lake (n=100: right)1. Measurements in µm. Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), arithmetic mean (X), standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation in % (CV).

Fig. 4 in Neotypification of Difflugia biwae (Amoebozoa: Tubulinea: Arcellinida) from the Lake Biwa, Japan

Fig. 4. Light micrographs of the shell of Difflugia biwae. A–D, Lateral views of whole shells of four different specimens with variations (A after "Photo. 1" in Ichise et al. 2004); E, apertural view showing the circular aperture is surrounded by a conspicuous great collar flare; F, apertural view showing the protuberance. Sampling data, Morph#1 in the Materials and Methods section. Scale 100 µm in A for A–D; scale 100 µm in E for E and F.

Fig. 2 in Neotypification of Difflugia biwae (Amoebozoa: Tubulinea: Arcellinida) from the Lake Biwa, Japan

Fig. 2. Shell outline and positions of measured axes used in present study: TL, total length; BW, body width; CD, collar diameter; NW, neck width; BL, body length; PD, protuberance diameter; PL, protuberance length.

Fig. 1 in Neotypification of Difflugia biwae (Amoebozoa: Tubulinea: Arcellinida) from the Lake Biwa, Japan

Fig. 1. Maps illustrating the longtime sampling in the Lake Biwa. Left upper map provides an overview of the area with frames indicating the position of the map of Lake Biwa. Codes refer to sample sites given in the Materials and Methods section; filled symbols refer to St. I–V; an open symbol refers to St. 6.

Fig. 3 in Neotypification of Difflugia biwae (Amoebozoa: Tubulinea: Arcellinida) from the Lake Biwa, Japan

Fig. 3. Line drawings of Difflugia biwae. A, Lateral view with cytoplasm (original line drawing, originally no scale: after Kawamura 1918); B, lateral view of shell (present study, scale 100 µm for B).

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Figs 18–21 in Nebela kivuense Gauthier-Lièvre et Thomas, 1961 (Amoebozoa, Arcellinida), Missing for a Half-century; Found 11,500 km from "home"

Figs 18–21. Dried tests with circular or elliptical scales "scavenged" from other species of testate amoebae. Figs 18, 20 – light microscope images of tests mounted in Canada Balsam. Figs 19, 21 – scanning electron microscope images of two different tests.

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Figs 2–17 in Nebela kivuense Gauthier-Lièvre et Thomas, 1961 (Amoebozoa, Arcellinida), Missing for a Half-century; Found 11,500 km from "home"

Figs 2–17. Diagramatic representations and light and electron microscope images illustrating test morphology of Nebela kivuense. Figs 2–6, 12a, 13a and 14 – variations in test shape as seen in plan views together with the lateral view of the same tests (Figs 7–11, 12b, 13b). Fig. 15 – scanning electron microscope image showing the flattened anterior region of a test with its thickened rim of organic cement around the pseudostomal aperture (arrow). Fig. 16 – well developed internal cyst plate (arrow). Fig. 17 – thick-walled spherical cyst (arrow).

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Fig. 1. A in Nebela kivuense Gauthier-Lièvre et Thomas, 1961 (Amoebozoa, Arcellinida), Missing for a Half-century; Found 11,500 km from "home"

Fig. 1. A reproduction of Figs 1e and 1f from Gauthier-Lièvre and Thomas (1961) illustrating the shape of the test of Nebela kivuense; a and c – lateral (edge) views; b and d – plan views.

Fig. 10 in Description of a New Testate Amoebae Genus Meisterfeldia with Notes on the Systematics of the Suborder Phryganellina (Amebozoa; Tubulinea; Arcellinida)

Fig. 10. Schematic demonstration of relationship of Meisterfeldia chibisovi sp. nov., M. wegeneri sp. nov., M. polygonia sp. nov., M. vanhoornei comb. nov. and M. turfacea comb. nov. based on morphological characters (average morphometric characteristics of species based on literature data and personal observations).

Fig. 6 in Description of a New Testate Amoebae Genus Meisterfeldia with Notes on the Systematics of the Suborder Phryganellina (Amebozoa; Tubulinea; Arcellinida)

Fig. 6. Light microscopical image of Meisterfeldia polygonia in lateral view. A – typical specimen, B – morphological variability.

Fig. 7 in Description of a New Testate Amoebae Genus Meisterfeldia with Notes on the Systematics of the Suborder Phryganellina (Amebozoa; Tubulinea; Arcellinida)

Fig. 7. Outline of Meisterfeldia polygonia: lateral (left) and ventral (right) views. 1–4 – characters of the test measured. Scale bar: 5 µm.

Fig. 5 in Description of a New Testate Amoebae Genus Meisterfeldia with Notes on the Systematics of the Suborder Phryganellina (Amebozoa; Tubulinea; Arcellinida)

Fig. 5. Outline of Meisterfeldia wegeneri: lateral (left) and ventral (right) views. 1–4 – characters of the test measured. Scale bar: 5 µm.