Find research datasets worth reusing

Figure 7. One subtree from a in Two new basal crocodylomorph archosaurs from the Lower Jurassic and the monophyly of the Sphenosuchia

Figure 7. One subtree from a reduced consensus analysis using the RadCon program (Thorley & Page, 2000). The MPTs from the phylogenetic analyses with characters 22 and 23 ordered or replaced by binary characters produced slightly different sets of reduced consensus subtrees. This subtree, from the analysis with 22 and 23 ordered, shows the sphenosuchian Terrestrisuchus closer to the crocodyliforms Protosuchus and Alligator, a relationship not found in any subtree of the other analysis.

Figure 6 in Two new basal crocodylomorph archosaurs from the Lower Jurassic and the monophyly of the Sphenosuchia

Figure 6. Strict consensus (A) and Adams consensus (B) of 151 most parsimonious trees (MPTs) resulting from the PAUP analysis of the data matrix in Table 1 (outgroups omitted in figure). Each MPT has a length of 64 steps, a Consistency Index (C.I.) of 0.609, and a Retention Index (R.I.) of 0.679. Reanalysis with characters 22 and 23 recoded as pairs of additive binary characters recovered 38 MPTs, each with a length of 62 steps, and with a less resolved strict consensus, but the Adams consensus, C, shows much more resolution.

Figure 5 in Two new basal crocodylomorph archosaurs from the Lower Jurassic and the monophyly of the Sphenosuchia

Figure 5. Kayentasuchus walkeri gen. et sp. nov. Holotype. Lateral view of right ilium and femur. Abbreviations: at =?antitrochanter; tq = fourth trochanter; pi.t = possible homologue of pseudointernal trochanter in Hallopus (Walker, 1970). Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 1 in Two new basal crocodylomorph archosaurs from the Lower Jurassic and the monophyly of the Sphenosuchia

Figure 1. Litargosuchus leptorhynchus gen. et sp. nov. Skull in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views. Abbreviations for Figs 1, 2: ao.f = antorbital fenestra; ar = articular; cb = ceratobranchial I; d = dentary; e.m = external mandibular fenestra; ec = ectopterygoid; en = external naris; f = frontal; j = jugal; l = lacrimal; m = maxilla; n = nasal; or = orbit; p = parietal; pl = palatine; pm = premaxilla; prf = prefrontal; po = postorbital; po.p = paroccipital process; pt = pterygoid; q = quadrate; sq = squamosal; sp. = splenial; v = vomer. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 4 in Two new basal crocodylomorph archosaurs from the Lower Jurassic and the monophyly of the Sphenosuchia

Figure 4. Kayentasuchus walkeri gen. et sp. nov. Holotype skull. A, ventral view of the braincase with its floor removed. B, medial view of the side wall of the braincase. Abbreviations: bs.s = space within the body of the basisphenoid; en.d = endolymphatic duct; ls = laterosphenoid; m.an = mastoid antrum; ot = otoccipital; p = parietal; po.p = paroccipital process; pt.f = post-temporal foramen; pr = prootic; q = quadrate; so = supraoccipital; sq = squamosal; ve = vestibule; VIII = foramen for cranial nerve VIII (n. vestibulo-cochlearis). Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 2 in Two new basal crocodylomorph archosaurs from the Lower Jurassic and the monophyly of the Sphenosuchia

Figure 2. Litargosuchus leptorhynchus gen. et sp. nov. Skull in (A) left lateral and (B) right lateral views. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 3 in Two new basal crocodylomorph archosaurs from the Lower Jurassic and the monophyly of the Sphenosuchia

Figure 3. Kayentasuchus walkeri gen. et sp. nov. Holotype skull. A, left lateral view of reconstructed skull; shape of dentary probably distorted during fossilization. B, posterior view of occiput as preserved. Abbreviations: ao.f = antorbital fenestra; d = dentary; e.m = external mandibular fenestra; f. m = foramen magnum; g = lateral groove on squamosal; j = jugal; l = lacrimal; m = maxilla; n = nasal; or = orbit; ot = otoccipital; p = parietal; pm = premaxilla; po.p = paroccipital process; pt.f = post-temporal fenestra; so = supraoccipital; sq = squamosal. Scale bar = 1 cm.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2020View details →

→ Fig. 2. Representative skeletal elements of ornithosuchid archosaur Dynamosuchus collisensis gen. et sp. nov. (CAPPA/UFSM 0248) from Janner outcrop, Carnian, Late Triassic. A. Selected skull bones in left lateral view. B. Reconstruction of the skull. C. Skull in ventral view. D. Left quadrate and quadratojugal in posterodorsal view. E. Parabasisphenoid in left lateral view. F. Neural arch of an anterior cervical vertebra in anterior view. G. Centrum of a cervical vertebra in left lateral view. H. Right osteoderm in dorsal view. I. Neural arch of an anterior dorsal vertebra in left lateral view. J. Left ilium in lateral view. L. Right humerus in anterior view. M. Right forearm in medial view. N. Left manus in dorsal view. O. Right (reversed) pubis in lateral view. P. Left femur in anterior view. Q. Left fibula in lateral view. Some unpreserved portions are modified from Baczko et al. in press, for the reconstruction of the skeleton of CAPPA/UFSM 0248 (preserved elements indicated in orange) (K). Scale bars 20 mm. in The first ornithosuchid from Brazil and its macroevolutionary and phylogenetic implications for Late Triassic faunas in Gondwana

→ Fig. 2. Representative skeletal elements of ornithosuchid archosaur Dynamosuchus collisensis gen. et sp. nov. (CAPPA/UFSM 0248) from Janner outcrop, Carnian, Late Triassic. A. Selected skull bones in left lateral view. B. Reconstruction of the skull. C. Skull in ventral view. D. Left quadrate and quadratojugal in posterodorsal view. E. Parabasisphenoid in left lateral view. F. Neural arch of an anterior cervical vertebra in anterior view. G. Centrum of a cervical vertebra in left lateral view. H. Right osteoderm in dorsal view. I. Neural arch of an anterior dorsal vertebra in left lateral view. J. Left ilium in lateral view. L. Right humerus in anterior view. M. Right forearm in medial view. N. Left manus in dorsal view. O. Right (reversed) pubis in lateral view. P. Left femur in anterior view. Q. Left fibula in lateral view. Some unpreserved portions are modified from Baczko et al. in press, for the reconstruction of the skeleton of CAPPA/UFSM 0248 (preserved elements indicated in orange) (K). Scale bars 20 mm.

Fig. 6 in The osteoderm microstructure in doswelliids and proterochampsids and its implications for palaeobiology of stem archosaurs

Fig. 6. Histology of osteoderm V2 of doswelliid Vancleavea campi Long and Murray 1995, H4-102-08 from Hayden Quarry, Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, New Mexico, USA, Early Norian. A. Complete transversal section view. B, C. Detail of the basal cortex, which is poorly vascularized with some simple vascular spaces. Structural fibers are best observed under cross-polarized light. The arrows in C indicate the orientation of the fiber bundles. D. Detail of the external cortex and vascular spaces of the inner region. E, F. Detail of the basal cortex toward the marginal zones. In these areas, the presence of structural fibers is not as clear. A, B, D, E, normal light; C, F, cross-polarized light. Abbreviations: LB, lamellar bone; PFB, parallel fibered bone; po, primary osteon; re, resorption space; SF, structural fibers; svc, simply vascular canal; WFB, woven-fibered bone.

Fig. 5 in The osteoderm microstructure in doswelliids and proterochampsids and its implications for palaeobiology of stem archosaurs

Fig. 5. Histology of osteoderm 2 of doswelliid Vancleavea campi Long and Murray 1995, GR 138 from Coelophysis Quarry, "Siltstone Member", Chinle Formation, New Mexico, USA, Early Norian. A. Complete transversal section (2C, A1; 2B, A2). B. Detail of basal cortex, constituted by parallel-fibered bone; showing some lines of arrested growth (LAGs) and fibrolamellar bone toward core region. C, D. Detail of the basal cortex (close to the margins); with multiple Sharpey fibers in the parallel-fibered bone. E. View to the annuli with circular shape, on the lateral portions of the osteoderm, composed by lamellar tissue. F. Detail of the inner core region; showing the presence of a concentric annulus (formed by lamellar tissue) and highly vascularized primary tissue enclosed by the annuli. G, H. Detail of the external cortex on the central (i.e., midline) portion of the osteoderm, whereas the outermost portion consists of lamellar bone, the inner part is formed by fibrolamellar. Note arrowheads pointing to growth marks (annuli). A–C, F, G, normal light; H, cross-polarized light; D, cross-polarized light with lambda compensator. Abbreviations: LB, lamellar bone; PFB, parallel-fibered bone; Shf, Sharpey's fibers; WFB, woven-fibered bone.

Fig. 2 in The osteoderm microstructure in doswelliids and proterochampsids and its implications for palaeobiology of stem archosaurs

Fig. 2. Compactness degree obtained from all osteoderms of examined taxa and comparison with others Doswellidae and Proterochampsidae taxa. A. Doswelliid Doswellia kaltenbachi Weems, 1980, USNM PAL 244214 from Near Doswell, Virginia, USA, Carnian. B, D, E, G. Doswelliid Vancleavea campi Long and Murry, 1995 from Coelophysis Quarry, "Siltstone Member" (GR 138) and Hayden Quarry, Petrified Forest Member (H4-102-08), Chinle Formation, New Mexico, USA, Early Norian. B. GR 138 (1). D. GR 138 (2A, D1; 2B, D2). E. GR 138 (V1). G. H4-102-08 (V2). C, F. Proterochampsid Chanaresuchus bonapartei Romer, 1971 from La Rioja province, Ladinian–Carnian. C. PULR 07. F. PVL 6244. H. Doswelliid Archeopelta arborensis Desojo, Escurra, and Schultz, 2011, CPEZ 239a from São Pedro do Sul, Ladinian–Carnian. I. Proterochampsid Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis Trotteyn, Martínez, and Alcober, 2012, PVSJ 567 from San Juan province, Carnian–Norian. J. Doswelliid Tarjadia ruthae Arcucci and Marsicano, 1998, PULR 063 from La Rioja province, Ladinian–Carnian. As seen, all indexes are equal or upper to 0.5, which means all osteoderms are composed by at least 50% of compact bone. CO, compactness observed.

Fig. 1 in The osteoderm microstructure in doswelliids and proterochampsids and its implications for palaeobiology of stem archosaurs

Fig. 1. Osteoderms examined in this study. A. Doswelliid Doswellia kaltenbachi Weems, 1980, USNM PAL 244214 from Near Doswell, Virginia, USA, Carnian. B, C. Doswelliid Vancleavea campi Long and Murry, 1995 from Coelophysis Quarry, "Siltstone Member" (GR 138) and Hayden Quarry, Petrified Forest Member (H4-102-08), Chinle Formation, New Mexico, USA, Early Norian. B. GR 138 (V1). C. H4-102-08 (V2). D. ProterochampsidChanaresuchus bonapartei Romer, 1971, PULR 07 from La Rioja province, Ladinian–Carnian; D1, general view of a single row of osteoderms associated with presacral vertebrae; D2, detailed view of the sampled osteoderm (box inset in D1). All elements in external view (except D, lateral-medial view), with the anterior margin facing the upper part of the figure.

Fig. 7 in The osteoderm microstructure in doswelliids and proterochampsids and its implications for palaeobiology of stem archosaurs

Fig. 7. Histology of proterochampsid Chanaresuchus bonapartei Romer, 1971, PULR 07 osteoderm from La Rioja province, Ladinian–Carnian. A. Complete longitudinal section view. Note the poorly vascularization. Red line indicates separation between the complete osteoderm and the rest of another. B, C. Detail of basal cortex. It is constituted in the outermost cortex by parallel-fibered bone and toward the interior of osteoderm, it acquires the features of woven-fibered bone. Multiple growth marks and some Sharpey fibers are observed. D, E. View of the upper portion of osteoderm. The abundance of Sharpey fibers prevents clear observance of the bone matrix, which appears to be parallel-fibered bone. Some LAGs can be tracked also. F. Detail of the marginal region. It is formed in its outer region by lamellar bone and in the perimedular portion by woven-fibered bone. Large and dense bundles of Sharpey fibers are observed. Some LAGs are also present. Arrowheads point to growth marks (LAGs). A, B, D, F, normal light; C, E, cross-polarized light with lambda compensator. Abbreviations: PFB, parallel-fibered bone; Shf, Sharpey fibers; svc, simple vascular canal; WFB, woven-fibered bone.

Fig. 3 in The osteoderm microstructure in doswelliids and proterochampsids and its implications for palaeobiology of stem archosaurs

Fig. 3. Osteoderm histology of doswelliid Doswellia kaltenbachi Weems, 1980, USNM PAL 244214 from near Doswell, Virginia, USA, Carnian. A. Complete transversal section view; the deep excavations correspond with natural fractures of the element. B. Detail of the basal cortex; exhibits poorly vascularized primary zonal bone (arrowheads pointing to areas of parallel-fibered bone and annuli of lamellar bone). C, D. View of the internal core region; showing abundant intertrabecular spaces and vascular cavities, surrounded by secondary lamellar tissue and remains of woven-fibered bone of primary origin. E, F. Detail of the ornamentation in external cortex; consisting of poorly vascularized zonal bone; arrowheads pointing to growth marks (annuli) following the sculpted shape of the external surface. Note the absence of Sharpey's fibres. A, B, C, E, normal light; D, F, cross-polarized light. Abbreviations: ZB, zonal bone; LB, lamellar bone; its, intertrabecular space; po, primary osteon; rl, resorption line.

Fig. 4 in The osteoderm microstructure in doswelliids and proterochampsids and its implications for palaeobiology of stem archosaurs

Fig. 4. Histology of osteoderms V1 (A–E) and 1 (F–J) of doswelliid Vancleavea campi Long and Murry, 1995, GR 138 from Coelophysis Quarry, "Siltstone Member", Chinle Formation, New Mexico, USA, Early Norian. A. Complete transversal section under normal light (A1) and cross-polarized with lambda compensator (A2). Note the differences in color layers on the osteoderm with the lambda filter, indicating the presence of structural fibers. B, C. Details of the basal cortex constituted by structural fibers. D. Inner core region, close to external cortex, showing intertrabecular spaces and fibrolamellar bone matrix. E. Detail of the marginal region, which is mostly composed of parallel-fibered bone with abundant Sharpey's fibers are inserted. F. Complete transversal section view. G, H. Details of the medial region; some structural fibers are faintly visible in the basal cortex, mixed with parallel-fibered bone. Parallel-fibered bone is present in the internal region. I, J. View of the marginal region osteoderm; showing some isolated Sharpey fibers and compact bone composed by both lamellar and parallel-fibered bone. Note how clearly differentiated monorefringent and birefringent area are present. A–C, F, G, I, normal light; A, D, E, normal light and cross-polarized light with lambda compensator; H, J, cross-polarized light. Abbreviations: BA, birefringent area; its, intertrabecular space; LB, lamellar bone; MA, monorrefringent area; PFB, parallel-fibered bone; po, primary osteon; SF, structural fibers; Shf, Sharpey fibers; svc, simply vascular canal.

Fig. 4 in A new occurrence of the Late Triassic archosaur Smok in southern Poland

Fig. 4. Predatory archosaurs from Late Triassic of Poland, Smok sp., Marciszów near Zawiercie (A, B) and Smok wawelski Niedźwiedzki, Sulej, and Dzik, 2012, Lipie Śląskie clay-pit at Lisowice (C–E). A. Distal part of the right pubis, pubic "boot" (WNoZ/S/7/170), in lateral (A1), medial (A2), ventral (A3), and dorsal (A4) views. B. Middle part of the left ischium shaft (WNoZ/S/7/168), in lateral (B1), dorsal (B2), and medial (B3) views. C. Left ischium (ZPAL V.33/302), in lateral view. D. Reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view; based on specimens ZPAL V.33/311A, B and ZPAL V.33/298 (from Niedźwiedzki 2013). E. Distal part of the right pubis, pubic "boot" (ZPAL V.33/298), in medial (E1) and lateral (E2) views. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 3 in A new occurrence of the Late Triassic archosaur Smok in southern Poland

Fig. 3. Predatory archosaurs from Late Triassic of Poland, Smok sp., Marciszów near Zawiercie (A) and Smok wawelski Niedźwiedzki, Sulej, and Dzik, 2012, Lipie Śląskie clay-pit at Lisowice (B). A. Fragment of proximal region of the right femur (WNoZ/S/7/160), in anterior (A1) and posterior (A2) views, distal cross section (A3). B. Left femur (ZPAL V.33/45) in anteromedial view. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 5 in A new occurrence of the Late Triassic archosaur Smok in southern Poland

Fig. 5. Comparison and details of articular surface of the mid-dorsal vertebrae (in posterior view) of the predatory archosaurs from Late Triassic of Poland. A. Smok sp. (WNoZ/S/7/199), Marciszów near Zawiercie. B. Smok wawelski Niedźwiedzki, Sulej, and Dzik, 2012 (ZPAL V.33/42), Lipie Śląskie clay-pit at Lisowice. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 1. A in A new occurrence of the Late Triassic archosaur Smok in southern Poland

Fig. 1. A. Geological map of the Silesia showing location of the Marciszów site (asterisk), where the Smok sp. fossil remains were discovered (modified from Niedźwiedzki et al. 2014). B. The schematic section of the Marciszów site; arrows indicate two horizons suspected as being provenance of the bones; modified from Budziszewska-Karwowska et al. 2010). C, D. Maps (C, simplified plan of Marciszów; D, satellite map of the area from Google Earth®) showing position of the bone-bearing rock pile. Abbreviations: b/c, breccia and conglomerate; mu, mudstone; s, sandstone; si, siltstone.