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35 results for “Arctic ecosystem”
Modeling the effect of explicit vs implicit representation of grazing on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling in response to elevated carbon dioxide and warming in arctic tussock tundra, Alaska - Dataset A
We use a simple model of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to examine how explicitly representing grazers versus having grazer effects implicitly aggregated in with other biogeochemical processes in the model alters predicted responses to elevated carbon dioxide and warming. The aggregated approach can affect model predictions because grazer-mediated processes can respond differently to changes in climate from the processes with which they are typically aggregated. We use small-mammal grazers in arctic tundra as an example and find that the typical three-to-four-year cycling frequency is too fast for the effects of cycle peaks and troughs to be fully manifested in the ecosystem biogeochemistry. We conclude that implicitly aggregating the effects of small-mammal grazers with other processes results in an underestimation of ecosystem response to climate change relative to estimations in which the grazer effects are explicitly represented. The magnitude of this underestimation increases with grazer density. We therefore recommend that grazing effects be incorporated explicitly when applying models of ecosystem response to global change.
Modeling the effect of explicit vs implicit representation of grazing on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling in response to elevated carbon dioxide and warming in arctic tussock tundra, Alaska - Dataset B
We use a simple model of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to examine how explicitly representing grazers versus having grazer effects implicitly aggregated in with other biogeochemical processes in the model alters predicted responses to elevated carbon dioxide and warming. The aggregated approach can affect model predictions because grazer-mediated processes can respond differently to changes in climate from the processes with which they are typically aggregated. We use small-mammal grazers in arctic tundra as an example and find that the typical three-to-four-year cycling frequency is too fast for the effects of cycle peaks and troughs to be fully manifested in the ecosystem biogeochemistry. We conclude that implicitly aggregating the effects of small-mammal grazers with other processes results in an underestimation of ecosystem response to climate change relative to estimations in which the grazer effects are explicitly represented. The magnitude of this underestimation increases with grazer density. We therefore recommend that grazing effects be incorporated explicitly when applying models of ecosystem response to global change.
Steady state carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water budgets for twelve mature ecosystems ranging from prairie to forest and from the arctic to the tropics
We use the Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model to examine the responses of twelve ecosystems - from the arctic to the tropics and from grasslands to forests - to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), warming, and 20% decreases or increases in annual precipitation. The ecosystems we simulated include moist acidic tundra, shrub tundra, and wet sedge tundra near Toolik Lake, Alaska, alpine dry meadow tundra near Niwot Ridge, Colorado, restored tallgrass prairie near Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan, native tallgrass prairie at the Konza Prairie, Kansas, upland and lowland boreal forest near Bonanza Creek, Alaska, temperate coniferous forest in HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, a northern hardwood forest in Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, a transition oak-maple forest in Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, and lowland tropical rainforest near Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará, Brazil. For each of the twelve sites, we run six 100-year simulations beginning from the calibrated steady state (72 simulations total). The six simulations are: (1) increasing CO2 from 400 to 800 μmol mol-1, (2) warming from current temperatures to current plus 3.5oC, (3) decreasing precipitation from 100% to 80% of the current annual rate, (4) increasing precipitation from 100% to 120% of the current annual rate, (5) doubling of CO2, 3.5oC warming, and 20% decrease in precipitation, and (6) doubling of CO2, 3.5oC warming, and 20% increase in precipitation. The carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water budgets presented here are used to calibrate the MEL model prior to running the climate change simulations. Citations and calculations for the data presented here are described in the individual site html files included in this dataset.
Ecosystem responses to changes in climate and carbon dioxide in twelve mature ecosystems ranging from prairie to forest and from the arctic to the tropics
We use the Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model to examine the responses of twelve ecosystems - from the arctic to the tropics and from grasslands to forests - to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), warming, and 20% decreases or increases in annual precipitation. The ecosystems we simulated include moist acidic tundra, shrub tundra, and wet sedge tundra near Toolik Lake, Alaska, alpine dry meadow tundra near Niwot Ridge, Colorado, restored tallgrass prairie near Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan, native tallgrass prairie at the Konza Prairie, Kansas, upland and lowland boreal forest near Bonanza Creek, Alaska, temperate coniferous forest in HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, a northern hardwood forest in Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, a transition oak-maple forest in Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, and lowland tropical rainforest near Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará, Brazil. For each of the twelve sites, we run six 100-year simulations beginning from the calibrated steady state (72 simulations total). The six simulations are: (1) increasing CO2 from 400 to 800 μmol mol-1, (2) warming from current temperatures to current plus 3.5oC, (3) decreasing precipitation from 100% to 80% of the current annual rate, (4) increasing precipitation from 100% to 120% of the current annual rate, (5) doubling of CO2, 3.5oC warming, and 20% decrease in precipitation, and (6) doubling of CO2, 3.5oC warming, and 20% increase in precipitation. This dataset consists of the MEL model Windows executable, the driver and parameter file for each site, and the output files for each of the six simulations listed above.
Carbon flux from aquatic ecosystems of the Arctic Coastal Plain along the Beaufort Sea, Alaska, 2010-2018
Multiple aquatic ecosystems (pond, lake, river, lagoon, ocean) on the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) near Utqiaġvik, AK were visited to determine their relative contribution to landscape-level atmospheric CO2 flux and how this may have changed over time. pCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) was monitored in late summer (late July to mid-August) over a period of four years (2013, 2015, 2017, 2018) from open water areas and is related to habitat type, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and environmental factors (temperature, radiation, rainfall). Data include both daily averages from most sites, as well as spatial representation of pCO2 in Elson Lagoon and diel cycles of pCO2 from a tundra pond. Pond NEP (net ecosystem production) is estimated by free water metabolism and presented as daily estimates over a four summer period.
Sampling metadata for the publication: "Deep-sea sponge derived environmental DNA analysis reveals demersal fish biodiversity of a remote Arctic ecosystem "
<p>Meta data of sampling location, time and depth of eDNA samples used in the study: "Deep-sea sponge derived environmental DNA analysis reveals demersal fish biodiversity of a remote Arctic ecosystem". As well as taxonomic identification of sponges, their microbial abundance and growth form.</p>
Fig. 4 in Endoparasites in the feces of arctic foxes in a terrestrial ecosystem in Canada
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree showing relationship of Cystoisospora spp. detected in this study with existing reference sequence data in Genbank.
Fig. 3 in Endoparasites in the feces of arctic foxes in a terrestrial ecosystem in Canada
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic tree showing relationship of Sarcocystis spp. detected in this study with existing reference sequence data in Genbank.
Fig. 1 in Endoparasites in the feces of arctic foxes in a terrestrial ecosystem in Canada
Fig. 1. Karrak Lake goose colony within the Queen Maud Gulf Bird Sanctuary, Nunavut. Inset map: sample collection sites within the goose colony.
Fig. 2. Melt curves for unknown samples. Each peak shows the melting temperature for a in Endoparasites in the feces of arctic foxes in a terrestrial ecosystem in Canada
Fig. 2. Melt curves for unknown samples. Each peak shows the melting temperature for a different coccidian species. Red: Sarcocystis (cervid), Blue: Neospora/Hammondia, Orange: Sarcocystis (avian), Black: Cystoisospora, Green: Eimeria sp., Pink: Eimeria sp. The horizontal axis indicates melting temperature (°C) and the vertical axis [—d(RFU)/dT] is related to the amount of DNA present.
Eco-data for "An ecosystem-wide reproductive failure with more snow in the Arctic"
<p>Supporting data for "An ecosystem-wide reproductive failure with more snow in the Arctic", PLOS Biology.</p> <p>Time series of abundance and phenology of various plants, arthropods, birds, mammals and snow from Zackenberg, NE Greenland. Time series cover the period 1996 to 2018.</p> <p>Data were collected as part of the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Program, and raw data are available at <a href="http://data.g-e-m.dk">http://data.g-e-m.dk</a>.</p>
Dataset for "Inter-annual variability of summer net ecosystem CO2 exchange in High Arctic tundra" by Braybrook et al.
<p>A dataset with 30 min net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange measurements (NEE) with and without gap-filling, derived component fluxes, gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R<sub>eco</sub>) and ancillary weather variables used to investigate how summer NEE, GPP and R<sub>eco</sub> varied over five years (2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2014) at the Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory (CBAWO) (74.92˚N, 109.58˚W). The eddy covariance technique was used to measure NEE and a combined light and temperature response model was used to partition NEE into GPP and R<sub>eco</sub>. Further measurement and data processing details are described in the research paper, "Inter-annual variability of summer net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in High Arctic tundra", JGR Biogeosciences, 2021.</p>
Data from: Walrus teeth as biomonitors of trace elements in Arctic marine ecosystems
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Conservation translocation of Atlantic wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) to a depleted Arctic fjord ecosystem
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The effects of nitrogen and warming on inorganic nitrogen pool and production rates in arctic and boreal ecosystems: inorganic nitrogen transformation during a 3-month laboratory incubation
We incubated (2006) northern Alaskan soils (boreal and tundra) at two temperatures (5 degC and 15 degC) and two levels of nitrogen addition (with and without) to directly test for nitrogen limitation of inorganic nitrogen production rate and explore the interaction between temperature and nitrogen limitation. Over the 3-month laboratory incubation, we measured initial extratable inorganic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen production rates from organic and mineral soils from four different ecosystem types (boreal burned, boreal unburned, moist acidic, moist non-acidic). To charactarize the soils, we also measured total C, total N, microbial biomass, isotopes values (delta 13, delta14), total free amino acid, and total soluble protein.
The effects of nitrogen and warming on soil respiration in arctic and boreal ecosystems: microbial respiration during a 924-day laboratory incubation
We incubated (2006-2009) northern Alaskan soils (boreal and tundra) at two temperatures (5 degC and 15 degC) and two levels of nitrogen addition (with and without) to directly test for nitrogen limitation of soil organic matter decomposition and explore the interaction between temperature and nitrogen limitation. Over the 924-day laboratory incubation, we measured microbial respiration from organic and mineral soils from four different ecosystem types (boreal burned, boreal unburned, moist acidic, moist non-acidic).
History of the Giraffe Pipe locality inferred from microfossil remains: A thriving freshwater ecosystem near the Arctic Circle during the warm Eocene
<p>How will freshwater lakes in the Arctic respond to climate change, especially if polar amplification results in even greater warming at these northern latitudes? Deep-time analogs offer opportunities to understand the potential impacts of future climate warming on Arctic environments. The Giraffe Pipe fossil locality located in the Northwest Territories of Canada offers a window into the life of a thriving Arctic freshwater ecosystem in the Eocene under greenhouse conditions. The remains of an extensive deposit of microfossils, including photosynthetic protists (chrysophytes, diatoms and green algae), heterotrophic protists (euglyphids, heliozoans, paraphysomonads, and rotosphaerids), and sponges, were used to reconstruct the history of the ancient water body. The concentrations and diversity of chrysophyte taxa were extensive throughout the core, accounting for over 70 % of the microfossil remains. The ratio of chrysophyte cysts to diatom valves, with a mean value near 14 throughout the core, further emphasized the dominance of the chrysophytes, and given the high diversity of taxa the locality represents a "paleo-hotspot" for this eukaryote lineage. Based on the totality of fossil evidence, the waterbody within the Giraffe Pipe crater represented a series of relatively shallow aquatic habitats, with changing physical and chemical conditions and varying water depths. Five major zones were identified, each found to be stable for an extended period of time, but with distinct transitions between successive zones signaling significant shifts in environmental conditions. The study provides valuable insight into how Arctic freshwater ecosystems responded to past warm climates, and to the organisms that could potentially thrive in these environments under future warming scenarios.</p>
Shifts in the composition and distribution of Pacific Arctic larval fish assemblages in response to rapid ecosystem change
<p>The Pacific Arctic marine ecosystem has undergone rapid changes in recent years due to ocean warming, sea ice loss, and increased northward transport of Pacific‐origin waters into the Arctic. These climate‐mediated changes have been linked to range shifts of juvenile and adult subarctic (boreal) and Arctic fish populations, though it is unclear whether distributional changes are also occurring during the early life stages. We analyzed larval fish abundance and distribution data sampled in late summer from 2010 to 2019 in two interconnected Pacific Arctic ecosystems: the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, to determine whether recent warming and loss of sea ice have restricted habitat for Arctic species and altered larval fish assemblage composition from Arctic‐ to boreal‐associated taxa. Multivariate analyses revealed the presence of three distinct multi‐species assemblages across all years: (1) a boreal assemblage dominated by yellowfin sole (<em>Limanda aspera</em>), capelin (<em>Mallotus catervarius</em>), and walleye pollock (<em>Gadus chalcogrammus</em>); (2) an Arctic assemblage composed of Arctic cod (<em>Boreogadus saida</em>) and other common Arctic species; and (3) a mixed assemblage composed of the dominant species from the other two assemblages. We found that the wind‐ and current‐driven northward advection of warmer, subarctic waters and the unprecedented low‐ice conditions observed in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas beginning in 2017 and persisting into 2018 and 2019 have precipitated community‐wide shifts, with the boreal larval fish assemblage expanding northward and offshore and the Arctic assemblage retreating poleward. We conclude that Arctic warming is most significantly driving changes in abundance at the leading and trailing edges of the Chukchi Sea larval fish community as boreal species increase in abundance and Arctic species decline. Our analyses document how quickly larval fish assemblages respond to environmental change and reveal that the impacts of Arctic borealization on fish community composition spans multiple life stages over large spatial scales.</p>
Shipping alters the movement and behavior of Arctic cod (B. saida), a keystone forage fish in Arctic marine ecosystems
<p>Dataset for Ivanova et al. (2019): Shipping alters the movement and behavior of Arctic cod (B. saida), a keystone forage fish in Arctic marine ecosystems. Includes: arctic cod tagging metadata and vps locations files, and vessel activity in Resolute Bay, Nunavut, Canada for 2012. </p>
The sensitivity of primary productivity in Disko Bay, a coastal Arctic ecosystem to changes in freshwater discharge and sea ice cover
<p>Data for figure 4 in <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-916">https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-916</a></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.