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Fig. 4 in Endoparasites in the feces of arctic foxes in a terrestrial ecosystem in Canada

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree showing relationship of Cystoisospora spp. detected in this study with existing reference sequence data in Genbank.

Fig. 3 in Endoparasites in the feces of arctic foxes in a terrestrial ecosystem in Canada

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic tree showing relationship of Sarcocystis spp. detected in this study with existing reference sequence data in Genbank.

Fig. 1 in Endoparasites in the feces of arctic foxes in a terrestrial ecosystem in Canada

Fig. 1. Karrak Lake goose colony within the Queen Maud Gulf Bird Sanctuary, Nunavut. Inset map: sample collection sites within the goose colony.

Fig. 2. Melt curves for unknown samples. Each peak shows the melting temperature for a in Endoparasites in the feces of arctic foxes in a terrestrial ecosystem in Canada

Fig. 2. Melt curves for unknown samples. Each peak shows the melting temperature for a different coccidian species. Red: Sarcocystis (cervid), Blue: Neospora/Hammondia, Orange: Sarcocystis (avian), Black: Cystoisospora, Green: Eimeria sp., Pink: Eimeria sp. The horizontal axis indicates melting temperature (°C) and the vertical axis [—d(RFU)/dT] is related to the amount of DNA present.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

Fig. 1 in Rodent population cycle as a determinant of gastrointestinal nematode abundance in a low-arctic population of the red fox

Fig. 1. Map showing the sampling sites on Varanger peninsula in northern Norway. Red triangles denote the sites where the 612 red foxes included in the analyses were. sampled. White squares denote sites where rodents were trapped for the purpose of monitoring their population dynamics. Dark areas are sub-arctic birch forest, while areas with different shading of grey show tundra at different altitudes. The meteorological station from which the climate data were derived, is denoted with a blue star. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

Fig. 2 in Rodent population cycle as a determinant of gastrointestinal nematode abundance in a low-arctic population of the red fox

Fig. 2. Time series of annual climate variables, rodent density and egg counts of gastrointestinal parasites (i.e. number of eggs recorded) in red foxes faeces in Varanger Peninsula. A) The mean summer temperature (̊C) for July, August and September from the weather station in Vardø (see Fig. 1). Horizontal broken lines show the 1960–1990 normal for temperature. B) Rodent density indexed as number of individuals caught per 100 trap nights in early September based on the trapping sites shown in Fig. 1 and number of foxes culled each winter season and local hunter (grey). Note that 2005 represents the foxes culled winter 2005–2006. C) Abundance (mean number of eggs per gram with standard error) of the three parasite species in the annual fox samples. Note the left (red) y-axis represents T. leonina while the right (black) y-axis represents T. canis and U. stenocephala. D) Prevalence (proportion of foxes with parasites, with standard error) of the three parasite species in the annual fox samples. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

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Data for: Red foxes enhance long-term tree growth near the Arctic treeline

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publicJul 2022View details →

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Data from: Effects of resource availability and interspecific interactions on Arctic and red foxes' winter use of ungulate carrion in the Fennoscandian low-Arctic tundra

In the Arctic tundra, predators face recurrent periods of food scarcity and often turn to ungulate carcasses as an alternative food source. As important and localized resource patches, carrion promotes co-occurrence of different individuals, and its use by predators is likely to be affected by interspecific competition. We studied how interspecific competition and resource availability impact winter use of carrion by Arctic and red foxes in low Arctic Fennoscandia. We predicted that presence of red foxes limits Arctic foxes' use of carrion, and that competition depends on the availability of other resources. We monitored Arctic and red fox presence at supplied carrion using camera traps. From 2006 to 2021, between 16 and 20 cameras were active for two months in late winter (288 camera-winters). Using a multi-species dynamic occupancy model at a week-to-week scale, we evaluated use of carrion by foxes while accounting for the presence of competitors, rodent availability and supplemental feeding provided to Arctic foxes. Competition affected carrion use by increasing both species' probability to leave occupied carcasses sites between consecutive weeks. This increase was similar for the two species, suggesting symmetrical avoidance. Increased rodent abundance was associated with a higher probability of colonizing carrion sites for both species. For Arctic foxes, however, this increase was only observed at carcasses unoccupied by red foxes, showing greater avoidance when alternative preys are available. Supplementary feeding increased Arctic foxes' carrion use, regardless of red fox presence. Contrary to expectations, we did not find strong signs of asymmetric competition for carrion in winter, which suggests that interactions for resources at a short time scale are not necessarily aligned with interactions at the scale of the population. In addition, we found that competition for carcasses depends on the availability of other resources, suggesting that interactions between predators depend on the ecological context.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

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Fig. 1 in Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as sentinels for parasitic zoonoses, Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella nativa, in the northeastern Canadian Arctic

Fig. 1. Map of Nunavik (© Lemire et al., 2015).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

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Data from: Effects of resource availability and interspecific interactions on Arctic and red foxes' winter use of ungulate carrion in the Fennoscandian low-Arctic tundra

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publicApr 2024View details →

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Movement tactics of a mobile predator in a meta-ecosystem with fluctuating resources: the arctic fox in the High Arctic

Animal movement is a fundamental process shaping ecosystems at multiple levels, from the fate of individuals to global patterns of biodiversity. The spatio-temporal dynamic of food resources is a major driver of animal movement and generates patterns ranging from range residency to migration and nomadism. Arctic tundra predators face a strongly fluctuating environment marked by cyclic microtine populations, high seasonality, and the potential availability of sea ice, which gives access to marine resources in winter. This type of relatively poor and highly variable environment can promote long-distance movements and resource tracking in mobile species. Here, we investigated the winter movements of the arctic fox, a major tundra predator often described as a seasonal migrant or nomad. We used six years of Argos satellite telemetry data collected on 66 adults from Bylot Island (Nunavut, Canada) tracked during the sea ice period. We hypothesized that long-distance movements would be influenced by spatio-temporal changes in resource availability and individual characteristics. Despite strong annual and seasonal changes in resource abundance and distribution, we found that a majority of individuals remained resident, especially those located in an area characterized by highly predictable pulse resources (goose nesting colony) and abundant cached food items (eggs). Foxes compensated terrestrial food shortage by commuting to the sea ice rather than using long-distance tracking or moving completely onto the sea ice for winter. Individual characteristics also influenced movement patterns: age positively influenced the propensity to engage in nomadism, suggesting older foxes may be driven out of their territories. Our results show how these mammalian predators can adjust their movement patterns to favor range residency despite strong spatio-temporal fluctuations in food resources. Understanding the movement responses of predators to prey dynamics helps identifying the scales at which they work, which is a critical aspect of the functioning and connectivity among meta-ecosystems.

opencc-zeroOct 2019View details →

Nutrient deposition on Arctic fox dens creates atypical tundra plant assemblages at the edge of the Arctic

Questions: In most ecosystems, some organisms can be considered ecosystem engineers because they modify their physical environment in a way that can affect many other organisms. Nutrient deposition may be extremely important as an ecosystem engineering activity in nutrient-limited environments, but this mechanism remains understudied. In low-Arctic tundra, a region characterized by continuous permafrost, low-nutrient soils, and slow nutrient turnover, Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) concentrate nutrients on their dens through fecal deposition and feeding their young. This nutrient concentration enhances productivity in patches on the landscape, likely creating a unique habitat for a variety of plants, and could have cascading effects on the distribution and diversity of vegetation on the tundra. Location: Low-Arctic tundra in Wapusk National Park, Manitoba, Canada Methods: We quantified differences in vegetation composition between 20 fox dens and adjacent control sites. Results: Plant growth form differed greatly between dens, which were dominated by deciduous grasses near the coast and erect shrubs farther from the coast, and control sites, which were dominated by evergreen prostrate shrubs. Dens also had more forb cover and less cover of lichens, mosses, and sedges. Species composition also varied greatly between control and den areas, with 17 of the 20 species found in at least 10% of the sampled sites being indicator species for dens or control sites. Conclusions: By providing habitat for plants reliant on higher nutrient availability not typical of tundra heath, Arctic foxes enhance the biodiversity of the region. These erect plants may also help create new habitat by retaining snow on normally windswept beach ridges. Overall, this study illustrates the broader impacts of predators on diversity and community composition through mechanisms other than predation.

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On following pages: 24. Arctic Fox (Alopex lagopus); 25. Swift Fox (Vulpes velox); 26. Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis). in Canidae

On following pages: 24. Arctic Fox (Alopex lagopus); 25. Swift Fox (Vulpes velox); 26. Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis).

opennotspecifiedJan 2009View details →

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Colour moult phenology and camouflage mismatch in polymorphic populations of Arctic foxes

<div> <div> <div> <div> Species that seasonally moult from brown to white to match snowy backgrounds become conspicuous and experience increased predation risk as snow cover duration declines. Long-term adaptation to camouflage mismatch in a changing climate might occur through phenotypic plasticity in colour moult phenology and or evolutionary shifts in moult rate or timing. Also, adaptation may include evolutionary shifts towards winter brown phenotypes that forgo the winter white moult. Most studies of these processes have occurred in winter white populations, with little attention to polymorphic populations with sympatric winter brown and winter white morphs. Here, we used remote camera traps to record moult phenology and mismatch in two polymorphic populations of Arctic foxes in Sweden over 2 years. We found that the colder, more northern population moulted earlier in the fall and later in the spring. Next, foxes moulted earlier in the fall and later in the spring during colder and snowier years. Finally, white foxes experienced relatively low camouflage mismatch while blue foxes were mismatched against snowy backgrounds most of the fall through the spring. Because the brown-on-white mismatch imposes no evident costs, we predict that as snow duration decreases, increasing blue morph frequencies might help facilitate species persistence. </div> </div> </div> </div>

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Data for: Sub-zero temperatures and large-scale weather patterns induce tooth damage in Icelandic arctic foxes

Tooth damage in carnivores can reflect shifts in both diet and feeding habits, and in large carnivores it is associated with increased bone consumption. Variation in tooth condition in Icelandic arctic foxes, a mesocarnivore, was recorded from 854 individual foxes spanning 29 years. We hypothesized that annual climatic variations, which can influence food abundance and accessibility, will influence tooth condition by causing dietary shifts toward less edible prey. We examined tooth condition in relation to four climatic predictors: mean annual winter temperature, indices of both the El Niño anomaly and North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG), and the number of rain-on-snow days (ROS). We found unequivocal evidence for a strong effect of annual climate on tooth condition. Teeth of Icelandic foxes were in better condition when winter temperatures were higher, when the SPG was more positive, and when the number of ROS was low. We also found a substantial subregional effect with foxes from northeastern Iceland having lower tooth damage than those from two western sites. Contradicting our original hypothesis that foxes from northeastern Iceland, where foxes are known to scavenge on large mammal remains (e.g., sheep and horses), would show the highest tooth damage, we suggest that western coastal sites exhibited greater tooth damage because cold winter temperatures lowered the availability of seabirds, causing a shift in diet toward abrasive marine subsidies (e.g., bivalves) and frozen beach wrack. Our study shows that monitoring tooth breakage and wear can be a useful tool for evaluating the impact of climate on carnivore populations and that climate change may influence the condition and fitness of carnivores in complex and potentially conflicting ways.

publicJun 2023View details →

Data for: Sub-zero temperatures and large-scale weather patterns induce tooth damage in Icelandic arctic foxes

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publicOct 2019View details →

Nutrient deposition on Arctic fox dens creates atypical tundra plant assemblages at the edge of the Arctic

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publicOct 2016View details →

Data from: Movement tactics of a mobile predator in a meta-ecosystem with fluctuating resources: the arctic fox in the High Arctic

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