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606 results for “Arecaceae”
Data for: The function of stilt roots in the growth strategy of Socratea exorrhiza (Arecaceae) at two neotropical sites
<p>We provide the raw and processed data used in the following study: Goldsmith, G. R., & Zahawi, R. A. (2007). The function of stilt roots in the growth strategy of Socratea exorrhiza (Arecaceae) at two neotropical sites. <em>Revista de Biología Tropical</em>, <em>55</em>(3-4), 787-793.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong> can be found in the file entitled "README-GoldsmithZahawi-SocrateaData-5Mar23F.txt," while metadata for data columns can be found in the file entitled: "GoldsmithZahawi-SocrateaMetaData-5March2023.csv."</p> <p><strong>Original Published Abstract</strong>: Arboreal palms have developed a variety of structural root modifications and systems to adapt to the<br> harsh abiotic conditions of tropical rain forests. Stilt roots have been proposed to serve a number of functions<br> including the facilitation of rapid vertical growth to the canopy and enhanced mechanical stability. To examine<br> whether stilt roots provide these functions, we compared stilt root characteristics of the neotropical palm tree<br> Socratea exorrhiza on sloped (>20º) and flat locations at two lowland neotropical sites. S. exorrhiza (n=80 trees)<br> did not demonstrate differences in number of roots, vertical stilt root height, root cone circumference, root cone<br> volume, or location of roots as related to slope. However, we found positive relationships between allocation<br> to vertical growth and stilt root architecture including root cone circumference, number of roots, and root cone<br> volume. Accordingly, stilt roots may allow S. exorrhiza to increase height and maintain mechanical stability<br> without having to concurrently invest in increased stem diameter and underground root structure. This strategy<br> likely increases the species ability to rapidly exploit light gaps as compared to non-stilt root palms and may also<br> enhance survival as mature trees approach the theoretical limits of their mechanical stability.</p>
Fig. 4 in Unraveling the taxonomic identity of Cocos nucifera f. palmyrensis (Arecaceae: Cocoseae)
Fig. 4. – Lateral view of the lectotype of Cocos nucifera var. palmyrensis (Beccari) Pignotti & Baldini. [FI018792] [Photo: L. Pignotti]
Fig. 2 in Unraveling the taxonomic identity of Cocos nucifera f. palmyrensis (Arecaceae: Cocoseae)
Fig. 2. – Original material of Cocos nucifera var. palmyrensis (Beccari) Pignotti & Baldini. A. top: lectotype; bottom: upper view and cross sectioned by Beccari of a fruit now missing at FI; B. top: syntype; bottom: lateral view of a slender coconut, now missing at FI. [A top: FI018792; B top: FI018793] [Reproduced from the Bull. Coll. Hawaii Publ. 4: tab. XVII, XVIII]
material of Cocos nucifera var. palmyrensis (Beccari) Pignotti & Baldini. A. Lectotype; B. Syntype. [A: FI018792; B: FI018793] [Photos: D. Nesti, L. Pignotti] in Unraveling the taxonomic identity of Cocos nucifera f. palmyrensis (Arecaceae: Cocoseae)
material of Cocos nucifera var. palmyrensis (Beccari) Pignotti & Baldini. A. Lectotype; B. Syntype. [A: FI018792; B: FI018793] [Photos: D. Nesti, L. Pignotti]
Fig. 3 in Unraveling the taxonomic identity of Cocos nucifera f. palmyrensis (Arecaceae: Cocoseae)
Fig. 3. – Close-up of the original note on original material of Cocos nucifera var. palmyrensis (Beccari) Pignotti & Baldini. A. Lectotype; B. Syntype. [A: FI018792; B: FI018793] [Photos: D. Nesti, L. Pignotti]
Fig. 4 in Morphology and architecture of the threatened Florida palm Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae)
Fig. 4. - Two perpendicular diameters (diam. 1 and 2) for 31 genets of Acoelorrhaphe wrightii of different sizes at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and Montgomery Botanical Center plants in Miami FL; data from plants measured in Nov. 2013.
Fig. 6 in Morphology and architecture of the threatened Florida palm Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae)
Fig. 6. - Exponential clonal growth model estimations for different growth rates (R), given different levels of reproduction (r) and survival rates (s) for clonal palm, Acoelorrhaphe wrightii. Model 1: r = 3, s = 0.3, R = 0.9. Model 2: r = 3, s = 0.5, R = 1.5. Model 3: r = 3, s = 0.8, R = 2.4. Model 4: r = 6, s = 0.3, R = 1.8. Model 5: r = 6, s = 1.5, R = 3.0. Model 6: r = 6, s = 4.8, R = 4.8. Dashed line represents values from genets measured in the gardens. Selected model (Model 4) fits data to within 1 ramet.
Fig. 5 in Morphology and architecture of the threatened Florida palm Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae)
Fig. 5. - Architectural relationships in Acoelorrhaphe wrightii. A. Number of ramets vs. genet circumference; B. Number of tiers vs. circumference; C. Number of tiers vs. number of ramets in 31 genets of A. wrightii in Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and Montgomery Botanical Center plants in Miami FL; data from plants growing in full sun and measured in Nov. 2013.
Fig. 3. - Acoelorrhaphe wrightii. A in Morphology and architecture of the threatened Florida palm Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae)
Fig. 3. - Acoelorrhaphe wrightii. A. Absence of the protoclone, which results in empty-centered ring of ramets; B. Basal node branching occurs when a basal axillary bud grows out to form a new ramet without any horizontal elongation; C. Rhizomatous branching occurs when a basal axillary bud grows out to form a new ramet through horizontal elongation before turning upward; D. Tiers are present in all observed A. wrightii individuals and decrease in height from inner to outer tiers. [Photos: S. Edelman]
Fig. 2 in Morphology and architecture of the threatened Florida palm Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae)
Fig. 2. - Acoelorrhaphe wrightii leaf production on ramets of different heights in Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and Montgomery Botanical Center plants in Miami FL, measured from Nov. 2012 through Dec. 2014. Data divided into leaves from establishing ramets (ramet height ≤ 0.3 m) and established ramets (ramet height> 0.3 m). Error bars = standard error.
Fig. 2. – Attalea blepharopus Mart. A in Attalea blepharopus Mart. (Arecaceae) from Bolivia revisited since Martius
Fig. 2. – Attalea blepharopus Mart. A. Growth habit; B. Infructescence at ripe stage; C. Fibrous margins of leaf base; D. Cross section
Fig. 1 in Attalea blepharopus Mart. (Arecaceae) from Bolivia revisited since Martius
Fig. 1. − Lectotype of Attalea blepharopus Mart. A. General habit in the center (MARTIUS 1847: tab. V, fig. 2). B. Details of both sterile and fertile material (MARTIUS 1847: tab. XXXIC).
Fig. 2. – Attalea blepharopus Mart. A in Attalea blepharopus Mart. (Arecaceae) from Bolivia revisited since Martius
Fig. 2. – Attalea blepharopus Mart. A. Growth habit; B. Infructescence at ripe stage; C. Fibrous margins of leaf base; D. Cross section of fruit showing two developing seeds; E. Staminodial ring adnate to corolla (removed from a fruit) appears densely ciliate in the margins. [Photos: M. Moraes]
Fig. 1. – Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer & Balslev. A in Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer & Balslev (Arecaceae), a new species from Venezuela
Fig. 1. – Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer & Balslev. A. Habitat of the species in the cloud forest of the Henri Pittier National Park (Aragua state); B. Habit of the palm growing at the Cerro La Chapa (Yaracuy State); C. Well-developed stilt root cone of the palm; D. Young infructescence; E. Early developing fruits. [Photo: A, C-E: F. W. Stauffer; B: W. Meier]
Fig. 2 in Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer & Balslev (Arecaceae), a new species from Venezuela
Fig. 2. – Map of distribution of Socratea exorrhiza H. Wendl., S. hecatonandra (Dugand) R. Bernal, S. karstenii F. W. Stauffer & Balslev, S. montana R. Bernal & A. J. Hend., S. rostrata Burret, S. salazarii H. E. Moore, based on HENDERSON (1990).
Fig. 1 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications
Fig. 1. – Representative palm specimens collected by Bonpland and Humboldt deposited in P-Bonpl. A. Bactris gasipaes Kunth; B. Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl.; C. Corypha miraguama Kunth; D. Oreodoxa regia Kunth.
Fig. 4 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications
Fig. 4. – Illustrations associated to the palms collected by Bonpland and Humboldt. A-B. Copper engravings produced by Turpin of the growth habit (A) and the male inflorescence (B) of Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl. (Plantae Aequinoctiales 1: 1. 1805) based on original sketches drawn by Humboldt on site; C-D. Illustrations of Attalea amygdalina Kunth; grisaille deposited at P-Bonpl. (C) and coloured plate (D) published in the Nova genera 1: 319. 1816.
Fig. 7 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications
Fig. 7. – Original descriptions of the royal Cuban Palm (Oreodoxa regia Humboldt & Bonpland ex Kunth). A. Entry 1276 in the "Journal Botanique" (MS 1332); B. Description of the species in Nova genera 1: 305. 1816.
Fig. 3 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications
Fig. 3. – Representative palm specimens collected by Bonpland and Humboldt deposited in European herbaria. A. Mauritia flexuosa L. f. deposited at B; B. Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl. deposited at FI; C. Corypha dulcis Kunth deposited at G; D. Corypha tectorum Kunth. deposited at M.
Fig. 6 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications
Fig. 6. – List of palm common names written by Bonpland in the first page of the "Journal Botanique" (MS 1332). 1) "Cucurito" (Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart.); 2) "Seje" (Oenocarpus sp.); 3) "Volador" (Desmoncus sp.); 4) "Pijiguao" (Bactris gasipaes Kunth); 5) "Macana" (Euterpe sp.); 6) "Palmiche" (Copernicia tectorum Kunth); 7) "Palma de Cobija" (Copernicia tectorum Kunth); 8) "Timiti" (Manicaria saccifera Gaertn.); 9) "Cocos" (Cocos nucifera L.); 10) "Corozo" (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.); 11) "Prasse" (unknown Palmae); 12) "Jagua" (Attalea butyracea (Mutis ex L. f.) Wess. Boer; 13) "Moriche" (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.); 14) Piritu (Bactris guineensis (L.) H.E. Moore); 15) "Palma Real de Caracas" (Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.) O.F.Cook; 16) "Id. de Guanare" (prob. Roystonea sp.); 17) "Palma de Sombrero" (Sabal mauritiiformis (H. Karst.) Griseb. & H. Wendl.); 18) "Amac." (unknown Palmae); 19) "Alvarico" (Bactris sp); 20) "Joropa" (Palmae); 21) Tirite (Ischnosiphon arouma (Aubl.) KÖrn. Marantaceae); 22) "Chiquichiqui" (Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace); 23) "Iounouriri" (Attalea sp.).
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