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FIG. 7 in A new operculate symmoriiform chondrichthyan from the Late Mississippian Fayetteville Shale (Arkansas, United States)

FIG. 7. — Consensus of eight most parsimonious trees. Bootstrap values are shown above branches; bootstrap values below 50 are not shown. New taxon Cosmoselachus n. gen. indicated by yellow highlight, holocephalan group and symmoriiform group indicated in differing shades of gray.

FIG. 5. — Cosmoselachus mehlingi n. gen., n in A new operculate symmoriiform chondrichthyan from the Late Mississippian Fayetteville Shale (Arkansas, United States)

FIG. 5. — Cosmoselachus mehlingi n. gen., n. sp., specimen AMNH FF 20509: A, cross section through the posterior half of the specimen, at the point indicated by the inset 3D reconstruction, showing multilayered opercular structure made of cartilaginous branchial rays, fused to one another. Layer of rays from the first branchial arch (behind the hyoid arch) indicated by the second-from-left arrowhead. The right-most arrowhead marks the second row of pharyngeal rays (first branchial arch); another layer (second branchial arch) can be found just beneath it (second arrowhead from the right). Hyoid operculum appears to fold at the arrowhead furthest to the left; B, longitudinal section of posterior half of AMNH FF 20509 showing hyoid operculum (right-most arrowhead) and additional elongate branchial rays (left two arrowheads). Anterior to left, slice location within the specimen indicated by 3D reconstruction in the upper right corner. Scale bars: 5 cm.

FIG. 3. — A in A new operculate symmoriiform chondrichthyan from the Late Mississippian Fayetteville Shale (Arkansas, United States)

FIG. 3. — A, Tooth families of Cosmoselachus n. gen. on the Meckel's cartilages, with denticles between tooth families. Teeth make contact but have no fused bases, dorsal oblique labial view; B, detail of tooth batteries in axial section, anterior to right, showing denticles between each tooth family, on the scalloped Meckel's cartilage. Abbreviations: d, denticles; mc, Meckel's cartilage; t, teeth. Scale bars: A, B, 4 cm; C, 2 mm.

FIG. 2. — Cosmoselachus mehlingi n. gen., n in A new operculate symmoriiform chondrichthyan from the Late Mississippian Fayetteville Shale (Arkansas, United States)

FIG. 2. — Cosmoselachus mehlingi n. gen., n. sp., three-dimensional renderings of specimen AMNH FF 20509, produced by computed tomographic (CT) scanning: A, ventral view of posterior half of specimen, anterior to top; B, ventral view of anterior part of the specimen, anterior to right, with opercular elements removed; C, dorsal view of anterior half of specimen, anterior to right. Note loss of anterior portion of cranium due to taphonomy. Abbreviations: add, depression potentially for adductor musculature; c, cranium; cb, ceratobranchials; ch, ceratohyals; d, denticles; mc, Meckel's cartilage; op, opercular cartilage; pa f, pharyngeal arch fragments; pq, palatoquadrate fragment; t, teeth. Scale bars: 5 cm.

FIG. 1. — Cosmoselachus mehlingi n. gen., n in A new operculate symmoriiform chondrichthyan from the Late Mississippian Fayetteville Shale (Arkansas, United States)

FIG. 1. — Cosmoselachus mehlingi n. gen., n. sp., specimen AMNH FF 20509, anterior to right: A, entire specimen, ventral view. Abbreviations: mc, Meckel's cartilage; op, opercular flap; B, detail of opercular flap. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 2 cm. Photographs by Lorraine Meeker.

FIG. 6. — Cosmoselachus mehlingi n. gen., n in A new operculate symmoriiform chondrichthyan from the Late Mississippian Fayetteville Shale (Arkansas, United States)

FIG. 6. — Cosmoselachus mehlingi n. gen., n. sp., partial basicranium of specimen AMNH FF 20509: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Anterior to top. Abbreviations: da?, possible opening for the dorsal aorta; occ, occiput; ot cap, otic capsule. Scale bar: 3 cm.

Figure 7 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 7. Otoliths from the Cretaceous Arkadelphia Formation. All specimens unless otherwise noted are inner views of right sagittae. Length in mm. A. Apateodus crenellatus? Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020b), DMNH 2021-09-17, 1.78 mm. B. Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., DMNH 2021-09-18, 1.25 mm (paratype). C. Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., DMNH 2021-09-19, 1.78 mm (paratype). D. Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., 2021-09-20, 2.21 mm (paratype). E. Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., DMNH 2021-09-21, 2.34 mm (paratype). F. Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., DMNH 2021-09-22, 3.13 mm (holotype). G. Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., DMNH 2021-09-22, 3.13 mm (holotype, outer view). H Palaeogadus? belli sp. nov., DMNH 2021-09-22, 3.13 mm (holotype, dorsal view).

Figure 5 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 5. Otoliths from the Cretaceous Arkadelphia Formation. All specimens unless otherwise noted are inner views of right sagittae. Length in mm. A. Elops sp., DMNH 2021-09-01, 1.89 mm. B. Albuliformes indeterminate, DMNH 2021-09-02, 1.42 mm. C. Elopothrissus sp. DMNH 2021-09-03, 1.83 mm. D. Genartina sp. DMNH 2021-09-04, 0.85 mm. E. Osmeroides sp. DMNH 2021-09-05, 3.85 mm. F. Anguilla? chickasawae Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020b), DMNH 2021-09-6, 1.90 mm. G. Echiophis aff. E. semisphaeroides Schwarzhans (2003), DMNH 2021-09-07, 3.25 mm. H. Muraenanguilla? sp. DMNH 2021-09-08, 2.18 mm.

Figure 8 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 8. Otoliths from the Cretaceous Arkadelphia Formation. All specimens unless otherwise noted are inner views of right sagittae. Lapilli are macular views. Length in mm. A. Palaeogadus cf. P. weltoni Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020a), DMNH 2021-09- 23, 1.46 mm. B. Gadiformes indeterminate, DMNH 2021-09-24, 1.56 mm. C. Tippaha mythica Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020a), DMNH 2021-09-25, 3.85 mm. D. Eutawichthys maastrichtiensis Nolf and Stringer (1996), DMNH 2021-09-26, 3.93 mm. E. Eutawichthys zideki Nolf and Stringer (1996), DMNH 2021-09-27, 1.42 mm. F. Eutawichthys cf. E. stringeri Schwarzhans, Huddleston, and Takeuchi (2018b), DMNH 2021-09-28, 1.85 mm. G. Ampheristus cf. A. americanus Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020a), DMNH 2021-09-29, 1.58 mm. H. Protobythities brzobohatyi Schwarzhans (2010), DMNH 2021-09-30, 1.68 mm. I. Lapillus type 1, DMNH 2021-09-31, 2.98 mm.

Figure 2 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 2. Regional map of otolith-bearing Cretaceous sites mentioned in the text. Dashed line shows approximate shoreline during the late Maastrichtian (Roberts and Kirschaum 1995, Dastas et al. 2014, Stringer and Sloan 2018).

Figure 4 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 4. Geologic section of borings B-5, B-6, B-8, B-9, and B-10 at the Cabot site, Lonoke County, Arkansas, USA. Black shapes designate the approximate level at which otoliths were recovered (bgl m=below ground level in meters). The shape is indicative of the number of otoliths recovered at that level: circle=less than 10 specimens; triangle=11–100 specimens; rectangle=101–500 specimens; and star=greater than 500 specimens.

Figure 1 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 1. Stratigraphy of the Arkadelphia Formation and other formations discussed in the text based primarily on McFarland (2004). The gray-shaded area represents an unconformity.

Figure 9 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 9. Maastrichtian otolith localities in North America and otolith-based faunal communities (bioprovinces) based on Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020a). The Western Interior Seaway community is outlined in green, and the localities are shown in green circles. The Appalachian community is outlined in red, and the localities are shown in red circles. The number in the circle is the number of species known from the localities. The white star is the Arkadelphia Formation site at Cabot, Arkansas, and the focus of this study. The base paleogeographic map was modified from Blakey (2014) and Scotese (2014).

Figure 6 in First Cretaceous teleostean otolith assemblage (Arkadelphia Formation, upper Maastrichtian) from Arkansas, USA, early Gadiformes, and the Western Interior Seaway

Figure 6. Otoliths from the Cretaceous Arkadelphia Formation. All specimens unless otherwise noted are inner views of right sagittae. Length in mm. A. Kokenichthys navis Schwarzhans and Stringer (2020b), DMNH 2021-09-9, 4.10 mm. B. Clupeiform? indeterminate DMNH 2021-09-10, 1.42 mm. C. Arius subtilis Schwarzhans and Bratishko (2011), DMNH 2021-09-11, 4.61 mm. D. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-13, 2.49 mm. E. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-14, 3.06 mm. F. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-15, 3.99 mm. G. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-16, 7.98 mm. H. Vorhisia vulpes Frizzell (1965b), DMNH 2021-09-12, 19.36 mm.

Figure 3 in Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Buffalo National River, Arkansas

Figure 3. Seriation plot for caddisfly (Trichoptera) genera collected from the Buffalo National River, Arkansas. Monte Carlo mean = 0.60, Z = −2.07, p = 0.04. The longitudinal gradient of the Buffalo River runs from left to right for collection sites.

Figure 2 in Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Buffalo National River, Arkansas

Figure 2. Dendrogram for hierarchical cluster analysis using Bray-Curtis distance measure for SØrenson's similarity index values among sites having 15 or more caddisfly species.

Figure 1 in Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Buffalo National River, Arkansas

Figure 1. The Buffalo National River, Arkansas showing collection sites. Sites are described in the Methods.

Figures 5–7 in Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Buffalo National River, Arkansas

Figures 5–7. Diversity of caddisflies (Trichoptera) collected from the Buffalo National River, Arkansas. 5) Families. 6) Genera. 7) Species.

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Figure 7 in Internet-based data platforms re-define the distributions of some large crabronid wasps in Arkansas (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)

Figure 7. Map of the known geographic distributions for Sphecius speciosus (circle), Stictia carolina (triangle), Stizus brevipennis (square) in Arkansas.